1. Tabit CE, Chung WB, Hamburg NM, Vita JA. Endothelial dysfunction in diabetes mellitus: molecular mechanisms and clinical implications. Rev Endocr Metab Disord. 2010 Mar;11(1):61-74.
2. Deanfield JE, Halcox JP, Rabelink TJ. Endothelial function and dysfunction: testing and clinical relevance. Circulation. 2007 Mar 13;115(10):1285-95.
3. Ince C, Mayeux PR, Nguyen T, Gomez H, Kellum JA, Ospina-Tascon GA, et al. The Endothelium in Sepsis. Shock. 2016 Mar;45(3):259-70.
4. Teijaro JR, Walsh KB, Cahalan S, Fremgen DM, Roberts E, Scott F, et al. Endothelial cells are central orchestrators of cytokine amplification during influenza virus infection. Cell. 2011 Sep 16;146(6):980-91.
5. Shi Y, Vanhoutte PM. Macro- and microvascular endothelial dysfunction in diabetes. J Diabetes. 2017 May;9(5):434-49.
6. Varga Z, Flammer AJ, Steiger P, Haberecker M, Andermatt R, Zinkernagel AS, et al. Endothelial cell infection and endothelitis in COVID-19. Lancet. 2020 May 2;395(10234):1417-8.
7. Mehra MR, Desai SS, Kuy S, Henry TD, Patel AN. Cardiovascular Disease, Drug Therapy, and Mortality in Covid-19. N Engl J Med. 2020 May 1.
8. Diehl KJ, Weil BR, Westby CM, MacEneaney OJ, Kushner EJ, Greiner JJ, et al. Effects of endothelin-1 on endothelial progenitor cell function. Clin Chem Lab Med. 2012 Feb 1;50(6):1121-4.
9. Chen DD, Dong YG, Yuan H, Chen AF. Endothelin 1 activation of endothelin A receptor/NADPH oxidase pathway and diminished antioxidants critically contribute to endothelial progenitor cell reduction and dysfunction in salt-sensitive hypertension. Hypertension. 2012 May;59(5):1037-43.
10. Li JJ, Chen JL. Inflammation may be a bridge connecting hypertension and atherosclerosis. Med Hypotheses. 2005;64(5):925-9.
11. Imai M, Okada A, Okada H, Handharyani E, Tsukamoto Y, Adachi K, et al. Rescue with an anti-inflammatory peptide of chickens infected H5N1 avian flu. Nature Precedings. 2009 2009/07/17.
12. Goto T, Hussein MH, Kato S, Daoud GA, Kato T, Sugiura T, et al. Endothelin receptor antagonist attenuates oxidative stress in a neonatal sepsis piglet model. Pediatr Res. 2012 Dec;72(6):600-5.
13. Rao RM, Yang L, Garcia-Cardena G, Luscinskas FW. Endothelial-dependent mechanisms of leukocyte recruitment to the vascular wall. Circ Res. 2007 Aug 3;101(3):234-47.
14. Pernow J, Shemyakin A, Bohm F. New perspectives on endothelin-1 in atherosclerosis and diabetes mellitus. Life Sci. 2012 Oct 15;91(13-14):507-16.
15. Javor S, Salsano A. Why not consider an endothelin receptor antagonist against SARS-CoV-2? Med Hypotheses. 2020 Apr 25;141:109792.
16. Mullol J, Baraniuk JN, Logun C, Benfield T, Picado C, Shelhamer JH. Endothelin-1 induces GM-CSF, IL-6, and IL-8 but not G-CSF release from a human bronchial epithelial cell line (BEAS-2B). Neuropeptides. 1996 Dec;30(6):551-6.
17. Stankova J, D'Orleans-Juste P, Rola-Pleszczynski M. ET-1 induces IL-6 gene expression in human umbilical vein endothelial cells: synergistic effect of IL-1. Am J Physiol. 1996 Oct;271(4 Pt 1):C1073-8.
18. Wedgwood S, Black SM. Endothelin-1 decreases endothelial NOS expression and activity through ETA receptor-mediated generation of hydrogen peroxide. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol. 2005 Mar;288(3):L480-7.
19. Montezano AC, Touyz RM. Reactive oxygen species and endothelial function--role of nitric oxide synthase uncoupling and Nox family nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidases. Basic Clin Pharmacol Toxicol. 2012 Jan;110(1):87-94.
20. Masaki T, Sawamura T. Endothelin and endothelial dysfunction. Proc Jpn Acad Ser B Phys Biol Sci. 2006 Mar;82(1):17-24.
21. Prado GN, Romero JR, Rivera A. Endothelin-1 receptor antagonists regulate cell surface-associated protein disulfide isomerase in sickle cell disease. Faseb J. 2013 Nov;27(11):4619-29.
22. Jasuja R, Passam FH, Kennedy DR, Kim SH, van Hessem L, Lin L, et al. Protein disulfide isomerase inhibitors constitute a new class of antithrombotic agents. J Clin Invest. 2012 Jun;122(6):2104-13.
23. Cho J. Protein disulfide isomerase in thrombosis and vascular inflammation. J Thromb Haemost. 2013 Dec;11(12):2084-91.
24. Huang EM, Detwiler TC, Milev Y, Essex DW. Thiol-disulfide isomerization in thrombospondin: effects of conformation and protein disulfide isomerase. Blood. 1997 May 1;89(9):3205-12.
25. Bell SE, Shah CM, Gordge MP. Protein disulfide-isomerase mediates delivery of nitric oxide redox derivatives into platelets. Biochem J. 2007 Apr 15;403(2):283-8.
26. Hahm E, Li J, Kim K, Huh S, Rogelj S, Cho J. Extracellular protein disulfide isomerase regulates the ligand-binding activity of alphaMbeta2 integrin and neutrophil recruitment during vascular inflammation. Blood. 2013 May 9;121(19):3789-800, S1-15.
27. Graven KK, Molvar C, Roncarati JS, Klahn BD, Lowrey S, Farber HW. Identification of protein disulfide isomerase as an endothelial hypoxic stress protein. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol. 2002 May;282(5):L996-1003.
28. Srivastava S, Chandra D. Pharmacological potentials of Syzygium cumini: a review. J Sci Food Agric. 2013 Jul;93(9):2084-93.
29. Sharma AK, Bharti S, Kumar R, Krishnamurthy B, Bhatia J, Kumari S, et al. Syzygium cumini ameliorates insulin resistance and beta-cell dysfunction via modulation of PPAR, dyslipidemia, oxidative stress, and TNF-alpha in type 2 diabetic rats. J Pharmacol Sci. 2012;119(3):205-13.
30. Djipa CD, Delmee M, Quetin-Leclercq J. Antimicrobial activity of bark extracts of Syzygium jambos (L.) alston (Myrtaceae). J Ethnopharmacol. 2000 Jul;71(1-2):307-13.
31. Muruganandan S, Srinivasan K, Chandra S, Tandan SK, Lal J, Raviprakash V. Anti-inflammatory activity of Syzygium cumini bark. Fitoterapia. 2001 May;72(4):369-75.
32. Salgueiro ACF, Folmer V, Bassante FEM, Cardoso MHS, da Rosa HS, Puntel GO. Predictive antidiabetic activities of plants used by persons with Diabetes mellitus. Complement Ther Med. 2018 Dec;41:1-9.
33. Yazbek PB, Matta P, Passero LF, Santos GD, Braga S, Assuncao L, et al. Plants utilized as medicines by residents of Quilombo da Fazenda, Nucleo Picinguaba, Ubatuba, Sao Paulo, Brazil: A participatory survey. J Ethnopharmacol. 2019 Nov 15;244:112123.
34. Avila-Pena D, Pena N, Quintero L, Suarez-Roca H. Antinociceptive activity of Syzygium jambos leaves extract on rats. J Ethnopharmacol. 2007 Jun 13;112(2):380-5.
35. Shukla M, Gupta K, Rasheed Z, Khan KA, Haqqi TM. Consumption of hydrolyzable tannins-rich pomegranate extract suppresses inflammation and joint damage in rheumatoid arthritis. Nutrition. 2008 Jul-Aug;24(7-8):733-43.
36. Kumar AJ, T; Deecaraman,M; Kumar, RM; Aravindan,P; Padmanabhan,N; Krishan MRV Anti-inflammatory activity of Syzygium cumini seed. African Journal of Biotechnology. 2008;7(8):941-3.
37. Ravi K, Ramachandran B, Subramanian S. Protective effect of Eugenia jambolana seed kernel on tissue antioxidants in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Biol Pharm Bull. 2004 Aug;27(8):1212-7.
38. Stanely Mainzen Prince P, Kamalakkannan N, Menon VP. Syzygium cumini seed extracts reduce tissue damage in diabetic rat brain. J Ethnopharmacol. 2003 Feb;84(2-3):205-9.
39. López-Sepúlveda, R., Gómez-Guzmán, M., Zarzuelo, M. J., Romero, M., Sánchez, M., Quintela, A. M., Galindo, P., O'Valle, F., Tamargo, J., Pérez-Vizcaíno, F., Duarte, J., & Jiménez, R. Red wine polyphenols prevent endothelial dysfunction induced by endothelin-1 in rat aorta: role of NADPH oxidase. Clinical science (London, England : 1979). 2011; 120(8), 321–333.
40. Singleton VL RJ Colorimetry of total phenolics with phosphomolybdic phosphotungstic acid reagents. American Journal of Enology and Viticulture. 1965;16(3):144-58.
41. Kahkonen MP, Hopia AI, Vuorela HJ, Rauha JP, Pihlaja K, Kujala TS, et al. Antioxidant activity of plant extracts containing phenolic compounds. J Agric Food Chem. 1999 Oct;47(10):3954-62.
42. Coutinho P, Vega C, Pojoga LH, Rivera A, Prado GN, Yao TM, et al. Aldosterone's rapid, nongenomic effects are mediated by striatin: a modulator of Aldosterone's effect on estrogen action. Endocrinology. 2014 Jun;155(6):2233-43.
43. Lundstrom J, Holmgren A. Determination of the reduction-oxidation potential of the thioredoxin-like domains of protein disulfide-isomerase from the equilibrium with glutathione and thioredoxin. Biochemistry. 1993 Jul 6;32(26):6649-55.
44. Chagas VT, Coelho RMRS, Gaspar RS, da Silva SA, Mastrogiovanni M, Mendonça CJ, Ribeiro M.N.S., Paes A.M.A., Trostchansky A. Protective Effects of a Polyphenol-Rich Extract from Syzygium cumini (L.) Skeels Leaf on Oxidative Stress-Induced Diabetic Rats. Oxid Med Cell Longev. 2018 Jun 26;2018:5386079.
45. Gaspar RS, da Silva SA, Stapleton J, Fontelles J.L.L., Sousa HR, Chagas VT, et al. myricetin, the Main Flavonoid in Syzygium cumini Leaf, Is a Novel Inhibitor of Platelet Thiol Isomerases PDI and ERp5. Front Pharmacol. 2019;10:1678.
46. Dickerhof N, Kleffmann T, Jack R, McCormick S. Bacitracin inhibits the reductive activity of protein disulfide isomerase by disulfide bond formation with free cysteines in the substrate-binding domain. FEBS J. 2011 Jun;278(12):2034-43.
47. Zai A, Rudd MA, Scribner AW, Loscalzo J. Cell-surface protein disulfide isomerase catalyzes transnitrosation and regulates intracellular transfer of nitric oxide. J Clin Invest. 1999 Feb;103(3):393-9.
48. Stopa JD, Neuberg D, Puligandla M, Furie B, Flaumenhaft R, Zwicker JI. Protein disulfide isomerase inhibition blocks thrombin generation in humans by interfering with platelet factor V activation. J.C.I. Insight. 2017 Jan 12;2(1):e89373.
49. Rivera A. Reduced sickle erythrocyte dehydration in vivo by endothelin-1 receptor antagonists. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol. 2007 Sep;293(3):C960-6.
50. Siani AC, Souza MC, Henriques MG, Ramos MF. Anti-inflammatory activity of essential oils from Syzygium cumini and Psidium guajava. Pharm Biol. 2013 Jul;51(7):881-7.
51. Ezhilarasan D, Apoorva VS, Ashok Vardhan N. Syzygium cumini extract induced reactive oxygen species-mediated apoptosis in human oral squamous carcinoma cells. J Oral Pathol Med. 2019 Feb;48(2):115-21.
52. Atale N, Chakraborty M, Mohanty S, Bhattacharya S, Nigam D, Sharma M, et al. Cardioprotective role of Syzygium cumini against glucose-induced oxidative stress in H9C2 cardiac myocytes. Cardiovasc Toxicol. 2013 Sep;13(3):278-89.
53. Dong F, Zhang X, Wold LE, Ren Q, Zhang Z, Ren J. Endothelin-1 enhances oxidative stress, cell proliferation and reduces apoptosis in human umbilical vein endothelial cells: role of ETB receptor, NADPH oxidase and caveolin-1. Br J Pharmacol. 2005 Jun;145(3):323-33.
54. Mantovani A, Sozzani S, Introna M. Endothelial activation by cytokines. Ann N Y Acad Sci. 1997 Dec 15;832:93-116.
55. Watson C, Whittaker S, Smith N, Vora AJ, Dumonde DC, Brown KA. IL-6 acts on endothelial cells to preferentially increase their adherence for lymphocytes. Clin Exp Immunol. 1996 Jul;105(1):112-9.
56. Tanaka T, Narazaki M, Kishimoto T. IL-6 in inflammation, immunity, and disease. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Biol. 2014 Sep 4;6(10):a016295.
57. Liu J, Li X, Yue Y, Li J, He T, He Y. The inhibitory effect of quercetin on IL-6 production by LPS-stimulated neutrophils. Cell Mol Immunol. 2005 Dec;2(6):455-60.
58. Nakahara H, Song J, Sugimoto M, Hagihara K, Kishimoto T, Yoshizaki K, et al. Anti-interleukin-6 receptor antibody therapy reduces vascular endothelial growth factor production in rheumatoid arthritis. Arthritis Rheum. 2003 Jun;48(6):1521-9.
59. Mehta P, McAuley DF, Brown M, Sanchez E, Tattersall RS, Manson JJ, et al. COVID-19: consider cytokine storm syndromes and immunosuppression. Lancet. 2020 Mar 16.
60. Zhang YJ, Gan RY, Li S, Zhou Y, Li AN, Xu DP, et al. Antioxidant Phytochemicals for the Prevention and Treatment of Chronic Diseases. Molecules. 2015 Nov 27;20(12):21138-56.
61. Gormaz JG, Valls N, Sotomayor C, Turner T, Rodrigo R. Potential Role of Polyphenols in the Prevention of Cardiovascular Diseases: Molecular Bases. Curr Med Chem. 2016;23(2):115-28.
62. Elmarakby AA, Loomis ED, Pollock JS, Pollock DM. NADPH oxidase inhibition attenuates oxidative stress but not hypertension produced by chronic ET-1. Hypertension. 2005 Feb;45(2):283-7.
63. Goraca A, Kleniewska P, Skibska B. ET-1 mediates the release of reactive oxygen species and TNF-alpha in lung tissue by protein kinase C alpha and beta1. Pharmacol Rep. 2016 Feb;68(1):121-6.
64. Lopez-Sepulveda R, Gomez-Guzman M, Zarzuelo MJ, Romero M, Sanchez M, Quintela AM, et al. Red wine polyphenols prevent endothelial dysfunction induced by endothelin-1 in rat aorta: role of NADPH oxidase. Clin Sci (Lond). 2011 Apr;120(8):321-33.
65. Thakali K, Demel SL, Fink GD, Watts SW. Endothelin-1-induced contraction in veins is independent of hydrogen peroxide. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol. 2005 Sep;289(3):H1115-22.
66. Viswanatha Swamy AH, Wangikar U, Koti BC, Thippeswamy AH, Ronad PM, Manjula DV. Cardioprotective effect of ascorbic acid on doxorubicin-induced myocardial toxicity in rats. Indian J Pharmacol. 2011 Sep;43(5):507-11.
67. Briyal S, Philip T, Gulati A. Endothelin-A receptor antagonists prevent amyloid-beta-induced increase in ETA receptor expression, oxidative stress, and cognitive impairment. J Alzheimers Dis. 2011;23(3):491-503.
68. Ozdemir R, Parlakpinar H, Polat A, Colak C, Ermis N, Acet A. Selective endothelin a (ETA) receptor antagonist (BQ-123) reduces both myocardial infarct size and oxidant injury. Toxicology. 2006 Feb 15;219(1-3):142-9.
69. Chatzi A, Tokatlidis K. The mitochondrial intermembrane space: a hub for oxidative folding linked to protein biogenesis. Antioxid Redox Signal. 2013 Jul 1;19(1):54-62.
70. Moskaug JO, Carlsen H, Myhrstad MC, Blomhoff R. Polyphenols and glutathione synthesis regulation. Am J Clin Nutr. 2005 Jan;81(1 Suppl):277S-83S.
71. Wilkinson B, Gilbert HF. Protein disulfide isomerase. Biochim Biophys Acta. 2004 Jun 1;1699(1-2):35-44.
72. Chiu J, Passam F, Butera D, Hogg PJ. Protein Disulfide Isomerase in Thrombosis. Semin Thromb Hemost. 2015 Oct;41(7):765-73.
73. Flaumenhaft R, Furie B, Zwicker JI. Therapeutic implications of protein disulfide isomerase inhibition in thrombotic disease. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2015 Jan;35(1):16-23.
74. Gallina A, Hanley TM, Mandel R, Trahey M, Broder CC, Viglianti GA, et al. Inhibitors of protein-disulfide isomerase prevent cleavage of disulfide bonds in receptor-bound glycoprotein 120 and prevent HIV-1 entry. J Biol Chem. 2002 Dec 27;277(52):50579-88.
75. Mandel R, Ryser HJ, Ghani F, Wu M, Peak D. Inhibition of a reductive function of the plasma membrane by bacitracin and antibodies against protein disulfide-isomerase. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1993 May 1;90(9):4112-6.
76. Lin L, Gopal S, Sharda A, Passam F, Bowley SR, Stopa J, et al. Quercetin-3-rutinoside Inhibits Protein Disulfide Isomerase by Binding to Its b'x Domain. J Biol Chem. 2015 Sep 25;290(39):23543-52.