To the question "Assess your knowledge of what a critical infrastructure is", the respondents gave answers that indicate a big difference in the answers of male and female respondents. Based on the data in the table, it is clear that the highest percentage of male respondents gave a grade of 5, and the female opposite a grade of 1. The percentage of men chose grade 5 in 27% of cases and women 1 in 13% of cases. Based on education, it can be noticed that those with a university degree with the highest grade 5 rate their knowledge of what is critical infrastructure in 24% (Table 1).
Table 1
A comparative view of respondents' responses based on gender.
| Rating | | | Total |
1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 |
Gender | Male | 8% | 11% | 11% | 10% | 27% | 66% |
Female | 13% | 6% | 5% | 5% | 7% | 34% |
Total | 23% | 16% | 16% | 15% | 34% | 100% |
Then, when asked "Assess the knowledge of the population of our country about what is critical infrastructure", male and female respondents rated this knowledge with a score of 3 in 22% of cases and a score of 1 in 10% of cases. When the answers to the same question are observed based on education, they are arranged so that those with secondary education grade 4 in 14% of cases, which is the highest percentage of grades in this question. The lowest percentage is for those whose education is a master's or doctorate with grades 1 and 3 at 2%.
After that, the respondents were asked the question "Assess your knowledge about the consequences of technical and technological disasters", and the answers to it when analyzed indicate that male respondents rate their knowledge of the above with a grade of 3 in most cases, more precisely in 22%, and among the respondents, ie females, the dominant grade is 1 in 10% of cases. The most common percentage is grade 4 for those with higher education, followed by grade 5 for those with secondary education. For those respondents with a master's or doctoral degree, the most common grade is also 5, in 3% of answers. Then they were asked the question "Assess the knowledge of the population of our country about what are man-made disasters." Based on the data, it can be noticed that the most common grade for male respondents was 4 with 21.5%, while for women the most common grade was 3 with 15.5%. When the answers to the same question are analyzed based on the education of all respondents, it can be seen that grade 3 is most common among those with secondary education with 15.5%, while for those with higher education it is grade 5 with 13.5%. Those with a master's or doctorate's degree also most often chose the same grade in 1.5% of cases. Other estimates, as well as the ones given, are given in Graph 6.
The next question they were asked was, "Assess the importance of critical infrastructure for the state and society." Based on the answers of the respondents and the conducted statistical analysis, it was noticed that in male respondents the most common grade is in the percentage of grades 5 with 19.5%. For females, it is grade 3 with 9.5%. On question number 5, based on the education of the respondents, it can be noticed that among those with secondary education, the most common grade is 5 with 16%. For those with a university degree, it is a grade of 3 with 13%, and for those with a master's or doctoral degree, it is a grade of 5 with 3%.
After that, the respondents were asked the question "Assess whether the activities of your work organization can lead to man-made disasters." According to the obtained grades, ie statistical results of the same, it can be concluded that male respondents give the lowest grade 1 in 17.5% of cases, but also grades 4 and 5 in 18% and 17% of cases, which can be interpreted as ignorance but not all in organizations where the above may occur. On the other hand, in women, grade 1 is dominant with 12.5%. The results of the survey, ie. their analysis shows that those with a university degree with a high grade of 4 rates the possibility that the activities of their work organization lead to a man-made disaster in 13.5% of grades, while those with a high school diploma usually rate it with the lowest grade of 1 with 16%. Interestingly, 3% of the total 6% of those with a master's or doctoral degree evaluate the above with a grade of 1. It can be concluded that those with a university degree assess that the activities of organizations in which they work lead to technical and technological disasters.
In addition, the question "Assess the need for critical infrastructure from man-made disasters to provide specially trained staff" received interesting answers, bearing in mind that the answers of both male and female participants in the survey are the same, ie distributed in the same way. Thus, both men with 24.5% and women with 14% rate 5 as necessary to protect specially trained staff from these disasters. Other answers also coincide in terms of representation. Grade 5 is the most represented percentage when the results of the survey are analyzed based on the education of the respondents. In contrast, different answers were received to the question "Assess the need for personnel who protect critical infrastructure from technical and technological disasters". Interestingly, the results here indicate that male respondent's rate this attitude with a score of 4 in 25%, ie this score is dominant, while females still dominate with a score of 5 the need for these staff to be specially educated. However, both sexes are in favor of the training and education of these staff. with secondary education, they rate it with the lowest grade 1 in 14.5% of answers, while those with higher education still rate it with grade 4 in as many as 22.5% of answers. It is interesting that those with the highest education with a master's or doctorate grade it with a grade of 1 in 2.5% of cases, which is not a negligible percentage if we take into account that they make up 6% of the total number of respondents.
The question "Evaluate the activities of work organizations in your environment can lead to man-made disasters" is interesting because both male and female respondents have a dominant grade of 3 with 46% and 21%, respectively, also for male respondents grade 5 is completely neglected and its percentage is 0. The answers of the respondents of both sexes indicate indecision because it is a middle grade. On the same question, based on the statistics of grades based on education, it can be concluded that none of the certain groups believe that the activities of work organizations in your environment can lead to man-made disasters because their answers are dominated by grades between 1 and 3. Respondents were also asked the following question: "Assess the system of protection and rescue from man-made disasters in the Republic of Serbia." The grade that is most represented in this issue is grade 3 with 19.5% for males and 16% for females. Such answers lead to the conclusion of indecision, which may be a consequence of the respondents' lack of information about the above. On the same question, but when analyzing the respondents' grades based on education, it is noticeable that respondents predominantly chose grades 1, secondary education 22.5%, and master's or doctorate 3%, while university graduates mostly chose grades 1 and 2 with 10 % and 9%. The absence of high grades in higher percentages indicates a bad opinion of the said system.
The next question in the survey was "Assess your readiness for a man-made disaster", and the answers received from both men and women indicate that the respondents are highly rated on this issue. Namely, the male respondents chose grades 4 and 5 as their answer, 18%, and 16.5%, and the female grade 4, 10.5%, which are the most selected grades. So it can be concluded that respondents of both sexes highly value their readiness in case of this disaster. The same question is when the answers are analyzed based on the professional qualifications of the respondents, high grades are dominant. Thus, for those with secondary education, it is a grade of 4 with 18.5%, with a university degree it is a grade of 3 with 11% bass, as well as for a master's or doctorate with 3%. The next question was "Assess the degree of risk of technical and technological disasters in the Republic of Serbia." The answers, ie the assessments stated by the male respondents are arranged in such a way that 16.5% rate it with the highest grade 5. On the other hand, the female respondents rated the above with a grade of 3 in most cases. The conclusion based on the results is that the majority of male respondents believe that there is a high level of risk of these disasters in the Republic of Serbia. To the same question, grade 3 is the most dominant answer among those with secondary education and higher education, but grade 5 is most prevalent among those with a master's or doctorate. It can be observed that those with the highest education are both the most educated and the most knowledgeable to change this.
To the question "Assess the protection of critical infrastructure in the Republic of Serbia", respondents of different sexes equally answered with a high score of 4. Male respondents did so with 20.5%, and females with 15%. It can be concluded that both sexes are highly valued. This question received a grade of 4 for those with secondary education and a master's or doctorate, which is the most common percentage of these categories of respondents with 22% and 3.5%. In higher education, however, grade 2 prevailed with 11.5%, although grade 4 was immediately next with 10%. The next question was, "Assess the readiness of the competent services for technical and technological disasters in the Republic of Serbia." Male respondents gave the highest score in the majority of 22%, and female respondents the lowest 9%. This can hardly lead to a firm conclusion, but perhaps the female sex is more cautious, timider. On the other hand, male respondents are traditionally more informed about the above, or at least it is considered as such, which gives his assessment certain credibility. Based on the analysis, it can be noticed that grade 5 is most prevalent among those with secondary education with 17% and those with masters or doctorate with 3%. While for those with a university degree, grade 2 with 12.5% is the most common. However, their grade 4 is immediately behind grade 2 with 11.5%. These results indicate that the respondents highly assessed the readiness of the competent services for the above, in total. When asked, "Assess the level of taking preventive measures to protect critical infrastructure in the Republic of Serbia", 26.5% of respondents rated it with 5, while 11.5% of respondents rated it with 3. Mentioned indicates that the male part of the respondents rated it higher. All this indicates that prevention measures aimed at protecting critical infrastructure were rated the highest.
The next question in the survey was to assess the level of education of young people about the importance of critical infrastructure in the Republic of Serbia and for male respondents, it received almost the same number of grades 1, 2, and 4 in percent, while for females the dominant grade is 5. To the same question Respondents of all categories of education answered with 4, which means that they highly evaluate the education of young people in this area in our country. In contrast, the question "Assess protection from man-made disaster in the world" received the lowest and highest grades of both sexes, ie 1 and 5. Identity, but also the difference in ratings can be understood as a difference in information and knowledge of the area. part of the question. Based on the answers of respondents of different backgrounds who answered this question, it can be seen that it was rated 1, 2, and 3. The frequency of all types of disasters that occur in the world does not instill confidence in protection from them, and the team from man-made disasters.
In addition, respondents were asked, "Assess your fear of critical infrastructure failure due to a man-made disaster." The answers to it in both sexes are almost identical, with a dominance of grades 3, in males and 4 in females. When analyzing the results of the survey, ie the answer to the same question based on the education of the respondents, it can be seen that in all three categories the grade is the most represented grade 3, with the fact that in higher education and grade one is equally represented. The next question was "Assess the possibilities of your evacuation in case of a man-made disaster of critical infrastructure in your environment." The answers of the respondents of both sexes are such that they rate it with a grade of 5, ie they evaluate the possibility of their evacuation with the highest grade. Based on the results of the survey, it can be concluded that both sexes do not consider these disasters possible in their environment or believe that they can be evacuated quickly if these disasters occur in their environment. And when the answers of the respondents are analyzed based on their education, the dominant grade is 5 in all three categories. Thus, it can be concluded that the respondents highly evaluate the possibility of their evacuation in the case of the above. The next question, "Assess the possibilities of evacuating your community in the event of a man-made disaster of critical infrastructure in its environment" indicates that male respondents received almost 2 and 5 percentages in percentage, and 3 and 4 in female respondents. respondents are at least insecure or uninformed about the evacuation. Based on the education of the respondents, the same indecision and high percentage of answers of the respondents of each category can be noticed. The next question in the survey was "Assess the degree of man-made risks in your environment." The answers, ie the grades of both sexes are the highest percentage of the answer 2.
These results confirm that the respondents in their environment do not perceive anything as a possible cause of man-made disasters. It can be noticed that the respondents with secondary education and masters or doctoral degree chose the highest percentage of 2, and those with higher education chose grade 4. Therefore, it can be concluded that the respondents mostly think that the degree of this risk in their environment is relatively small., although there are those with different attitudes and grades, they are in the minority. In contrast, to the question "Assess the possibilities of a man-made disaster of critical infrastructure in the Republic of Serbia in the coming period", respondents of both sexes answered similarly with a score of 5. For male respondents, this rating received 24%, and for females 18 % rating. Based on the results of the answer to this question, it can be concluded that the fear and high assessment of the possibility of this adverse event is a consequence of frequent natural disasters in the Republic of Serbia, and respondents are aware that they can affect other disasters.
The next question referred to the assessment of the most probable cause of man-made disasters in the world. Unlike other questions in this and the following questions, the respondents were asked to complete one of the five offered answers. The answers offered to respondents of both sexes in this question were: 1, nature; 2, man; 3, technology; 4, industry, and 5 all of the above. Answers 3 and 4, ie technology and industry, received the most answers from respondents of both sexes. Considering their accelerated development, such attitudes of the respondents are not surprising. The same answers dominate when the answers of the respondents are analyzed based on education. Because those with a high school diploma and a master's or doctorate most often chose technology as their answer, and those with a university degree chose industry. In contrast, the next question was "Who in the Republic of Serbia deals with the protection of critical infrastructure"? The answers offered were: 1, the army; 2, police; 3, specialized civil services; 4, private companies and 5, others not listed. Based on the answer to this question, it can be concluded that male respondents believe that it is the police, and females that it is done by specialized state services. And based on the education of the respondents, the answers do not differ much. Those with secondary education believe that specialized state services deal with the above, while those with higher education believe that the police do it. Those with a master’s or doctorate were mostly considered to be done by private companies.
Finally, the respondents were asked the question "What worries you the most about the protection of critical infrastructure from technical and technological disasters", and the answers offered were: 1, it is conducted by inadequate staff; 2, irregularly maintained; 3, not monitored regularly; 4, outdated protection system and 5, all of the above reasons. Respondents of both sexes most often chose the answer in an inadequate cadre, which is surprising because they cited specialized state services and the police as their answers to who is protecting the above. Although these answers may be related to distrust in state institutions, they may also be a consequence of respondents' lack of information. And based on education, the results indicate that those with secondary education and master or doctorate chose the most, the answer is conducted by inadequate staff, however, those with higher education more often chose as their answer is not monitored regularly.