On the basis of the results obtained in the sample after the training process (sample II), an increase in physical skills was found in the number of performed reels, an increase in correct answers in tasks such as: counting parachutists in the same colour, counting cars in the same colour, counting shapes of one type, counting shapes of the same colour, synthetic memory test and an increase in the values of indicators such as age, systolic and diastolic pressure before and after the test, heart rate before and after the test, compared to the pre-training period (test I), but not statistically significant. However, a statistically significant difference was found in the percentage of ability to perform all tasks and in the task of arithmetic operations. It follows that the percentage ability to complete all tasks is closely related to the number of completed reels. It was observed from the course of the tests that the respondents performing a larger number of reels made more mistakes in answering the questions asked in the central field of vision. With a smaller number of completed reels, they achieved a higher percentage of ability to complete all tasks. The reason for the feedback between the number of reels and the percentage ability to complete all tasks during the test is the specificity of the reels performed on the looping. During these exercises, there are positive +Gz (head - legs direction) and negative -Gz (head - legs direction) accelerations in the tested body, which may contribute to lower efficiency in answering the questions. Similar conclusions were made in tests, carried out using a human centrifuge, concerning the acceleration tolerance level. It has been shown that an increased level of loading causes a delay in response time and a delay in response to visual stimuli [16]. The results obtained by the subjects depend on the rate of fatigue during exercise and the level of exercise adaptation.
The tests showed an increase in the number of completed reels and the percentage of ability to complete all tasks. This shows a higher level of psychomotority, after the training process on SAGI, compared to test I. The improvement of psychomotority is achieved by means of two subsystems - motor and sensory [17]. As a result of the training process the level of integration of the subsystems increased. This is confirmed by a significant correlation between the percentage ability to complete all tasks and the number of completed reels in test I and the lack of statistical significance in test II, which is characterised by higher results in both the number of completed reels and the percentage ability to complete all tasks (psychomotor level). This may be explained by the fact that a decrease in the correlation value (feedback) between the two subsystems in test II is associated with an increase in the level of psychomotority of the tested, cadet - pilots.
In these tests, it is interesting to note that age shows significant correlations in both test I and test II. In test I with the number of completed reels, the percentage ability to perform all tasks during the test and the tasks included in the test, such as counting parachutists in the same colour, counting shapes of one type and counting shapes of the same colour. In test II, it shows a correlation only with the number of reels and it is at a lower level of significance, which may indicate an increase in psychomotor skills despite the increase in age. In the previous studies it has been proved many times that the level of psychomotor skills is strongly related to age and the level of difficulty of tasks performed [18, 19]. Considering the identical training process and the same conditions of everyday functioning of the test persons, these results indicate a positive effect of the training programme on SAGI on the level of psychomotor skills.
The percentage ability to perform all tasks during test I was significantly correlated with its components, such as counting paratroopers of the same colour, arithmetic activities and counting shapes of one type. In test II, significance was demonstrated with counting of one type of shapes and a synthetic memory test. What is important, attention should be paid to the decrease in the number of statistically significant correlations and their level of significance in test II, as compared to test I. This may indicate an increase in the level of psychomotority, which results in a decrease in the influence of individual components on the percentage ability to perform all tasks. It should be emphasized that the test persons in tests I and test II performed physical effort in the zone of aerobic metabolism, as evidenced by HR values. Also noteworthy is the pre-exercise increase in blood pressure. This may be due to pre-exercise stress and lack of knowledge of the training device (test I) and the desire to improve the previously obtained result (test II). The higher blood pressure found at the end of test II may be due to an increase in the number of reels, which may be associated with a longer effect of this exercise on blood system receptors. Similar indicators were analyzed in studies on performing various tasks on aviation simulators. These studies showed that heart rate and blood pressure levels are influenced by the difficulty level of the pilot's task. In addition, the difficulty of the tasks and the amount of visual information causes a decrease in the number of movements (blinking eyes) and their duration. It has been demonstrated that mental effort increases arterial pressure and heart rate [20]. Similar conclusions were reached by Leino et al. [21], analyzing neuroendocrine responses and psychomotority in the selection process of candidates for military pilots. Comparing the test procedure to an air mission, they proved that it is characterized by a high level of mental strain. Moreover, they showed that low neuroendocrine responses in the psychomotor test were associated with good stress tolerance. It is important, however, that both these tests, unlike ours, were not characterized by physical strain. These studies show that raising blood pressure is not only the result of physical effort, but it can also be raised by mental strain.
So far, pilots were tested before and after the training process was completed, however, in resting conditions (without connection with physical exercise) [21, 22, 23, 24]. The authors of these studies have demonstrated that their tests have diagnostic value in terms of physical and mental skills under normal and extreme working conditions of a military pilot. Therefore, the authors believe that for military pilots, the psychological test should be performed under strain conditions.
Based on the results of the tests, it has been shown that the training program on SAGI has a great influence on increasing psychomotor skills in cadet pilots. The diagnostic and training device used during the looping test gave an opportunity to assess attention concentration, reaction and psychophysical condition under extreme environmental conditions. The test combined with a diagnostic and training device was found to be highly useful in the process of special pilot training.