No
|
First author/ City/ Year of publication
|
Study Design
|
Study Population
|
Sample Size
|
Mean Age (SD)
|
Instrument
|
The Most Important Findings
|
1
|
Valizadeh,
Tabriz,
2006 (19)
|
Cross-Sectional
|
Nurses in 21 therapeutic centers
|
420
|
NA
|
QNR
|
BSE: 70.2%.
Frequency of BSE: 39% every two months and more.
|
2
|
Aghababaii,
Hamedan,
2006 (20)
|
Cross-Sectional
|
Female nursing and midwifery students
|
68
|
NA
|
QNR
|
BSE (total: 79.4%, regular: 29.4 %)
|
3
|
Abbaszadeh,
Kerman,
2007 (21)
|
Cross-Sectional
|
Females >35Ys
|
296
|
NA
|
QNR
|
Total HBM scores in Mammo group > the group without Mammo.
|
4
|
Heidari,
Zahedan,
2008 (22)
|
Cross-Sectional
|
Females referred to Qouds maternity hospital in Zahedan
|
384
|
28.8(8.4)
|
INTVW with purposed QNR
|
BSE (regular: 4.5%, occasionally: 18.7%, never: 76.8%)
CBE history: 4.1%
Mammo history: 1.3%
|
5
|
Simi,
Shiraz,
2009 (10)
|
Cross-Sectional
|
Females 25–54Ys referred to Shiraz National Iranian Oil Company Polyclinic
|
300
|
Median: 38.5(14)
|
QNR
|
BSE (total: 53.3%, find an abnormal examination: 5.6%, positive finding: 3.8%, did not know how to do: 52.9%, do it incorrect method and time: 3%)
|
6
|
Farshbaf Khalili,
Tabriz,
2009 (23)
|
Cross-Sectional
|
Females referred to HCCs
|
400
|
30.1(7.4)
|
QNR, C/L
|
BSE: 18.8%
CBE: 19.1%
Mammo: 3.3%
|
7
|
SalimiPormehr,
Ardebil,
2010 (24)
|
Cross-Sectional
|
Females referred to HCCs
|
300
|
29(8)
|
QNR
|
BSE: 4%
CBE: 4.7%
Mammo: 3.7%
|
8
|
Alavi,
Mashhad,
2010 (25)
|
Cross-Sectional
|
Gynecologic specialist and residents
|
124
|
43.1
|
QNR
|
BSE:
Normal group (regular: 33%, irregular: 44%, never: 23%)
High-risk group (regular: 46.7%, irregular: 53.3%)
Mammo (normal group: 11.8%, high risk group: 27.1%)
|
9
|
Sultan Ahmadi,
Kerman,
2010 (26)
|
Cross-Sectional
|
Females referred to HCCs
|
200
|
30.60(7.89)
|
QNR
|
BSE: 22.5%
CBE: 21.5%.
|
10
|
Noroozi,
Bushehr,
2011 (27)
|
Cross-Sectional
|
Females working in public places of Bushehr
|
388
|
34.32(10.66)
|
QNR
|
BSE (total: 37.1%, regular: 7.5%)
Mammo: 14.3%
CBE: 5.9%
|
11
|
Hasani,
Bandarabas,
2011 (28)
|
Cross-Sectional
|
Females referred to HCCs
|
240
|
37.2(6.1)
|
QNR
|
BSE (total: 31.7%, regular: 7.1%)
|
12
|
Yadollahie,
11 cities of Iran,
2011 (11)
|
Cross-Sectional
|
Females referred to HCCs
|
3030
|
Median: 40(14)
|
INTVW, QNR
|
BSE (total: 49.4%, incorrect method and time: 9.6%, did not know how to do: 30.9%)
|
13
|
Abu Samah,
Tehran,
2012 (29)
|
Cross-Sectional
|
Asymptomatic females 35-69Ys
|
400
|
NA
|
QNR
|
Mammo: 21.5%
|
14
|
Harirchi,
Semnan and Khorasan,
2012 (30)
|
Cross-Sectional
|
Females >30Ys
|
770
|
46.91(13.3)
|
QNR
|
Risk of not performing BSE, CBE, Mammo for illiterate females were respectively 4.56, 2.51, 3.14, times more than literate females.
|
15
|
Aflakseir,
Shiraz,
2012 (31)
|
Cross-Sectional
|
Female staff at SUMS & SU
|
113
|
48(8.02)
|
QNR
|
BSE: 51%
Mammo: 21%
|
16
|
Moodi,
Isfahan,
2012 (32)
|
Survey
|
Females > 40Ys
|
384
|
52.24(8.2)
|
INTVW, QNR
|
Mammo history: 44.3%
|
17
|
Kadivar,
Tehran,
2012 (33)
|
Cross-Sectional
|
Female physicians and female non-healthcare personnel
|
196
|
Physicians:
46.06(8.0)
non-healthcare personnel:
36.97(9.38)
|
QNR
|
BSE (Physicians: 37.6 %, Non-healthcare personnel: 26.1 %)
CBE (Physicians: 31.25%, Non-healthcare personnel: 27.59%) Mammo (Physicians: 18.75%, Non-healthcare personnel: 17.24%)
|
18
|
Fouladi,
Ardabil,
2013 (34)
|
Cross-Sectional
|
Females referred to HCCs
|
380
|
38.12(6.7)
|
QNR
|
BSE: 27%
Mammo: 6.8%
|
19
|
Pirasteh,
Tehran,
2013 (35)
|
Cross-Sectional
|
Married females referring to HCCs
|
302
|
NA
|
QNR
|
BSE in females with high self-efficacy was 1.17 times more than other females.
|
20
|
Asgharnia,
Rasht,
2013 (36)
|
Cross-Sectional
|
Females referring to Al-Zahra hospital
|
400
|
48.07(6.44)
|
QNR
|
BSE: 43.8%
Mammo: 23.2%
|
21
|
Akhtari-Zavare,
Hamedan,
2014 (37)
|
Cross-Sectional
|
Females referring to HCCs
|
384
|
30(9.1)
|
INTVW, QNR
|
BSE(total: 26%, didn't know how to do: 72.1% )
|
22
|
Hajian-Tilaki,
Babol,
2014 (38)
|
Cross-Sectional
|
Females aged 18-64Ys
|
500
|
31.2(9.4)
|
INTVW, QNR
|
BSE: 38.4%
CBE: 25.2%
Mammo: 12%
|
23
|
Mokhtary,
Tabriz,
2014 (39)
|
Cross-Sectional
|
Female HCP of Tabriz health centers
|
196
|
37.01(7.54)
|
QNR
|
BSE: 73.2%
CBE: 10.7%
Mammo 26.9%
|
24
|
Nojomi,
Tehran,
2014 (40)
|
Cross-Sectional
|
Females referring to HCCs
|
1012
|
38.2
|
QNR
|
CBE (history: 22%, intention for doing in future: 75.8%)
Mammo (history: 7%, intention for doing in future: 72.1%)
|
25
|
Shiryazdi,
Yazd,
2014 (41)
|
Cross-Sectional
|
Female health care workers
|
441
|
34.7(13.7)
|
QNR
|
BSE (total: 41.9%, regular: 14.9%)
Mammo: 10.6%
|
26
|
Ghodsi,
Hamedan,
2014 (42)
|
Cross-Sectional
|
Females >35Ys
|
358
|
NA
|
QNR, C/L
|
Performance: BSE 14.8%, 9.4% regularly, Mammo 25.84%.
|
27
|
Taymoori,
Sanandaj,
2014 (43)
|
Cross-Sectional
|
Females >40Ys referring to HCCs
|
593
|
56.84(5.04)
|
QNR
|
Mammo: 10.5%
Most effective factors on Mammo: Self-efficacy and perceived susceptibility.
|
28
|
Khazaee-Pool,
Tehran,
2014 (44)
|
Qualitative
|
Females >30Ys referring to HCCs of TUMS
|
24
|
NA
|
INTVW
|
Influencing factors to practice preventive behavior: increasing awareness, positive attitudes, stronger motivational factors, fewer barriers.
|
29
|
Momenyan,
Qom,
2014 (45)
|
Cross-Sectional
|
Nursing and midwifery students
|
113
|
22.5(3.7)
|
QNR
|
BSE: 63.2%
Increasing perceived susceptibility and self-efficacy scores increases the likelihood of BSE.
|
30
|
Bahrami,
Sanandaj,
2015(14)
|
Cross-Sectional
|
Females >20Ys referring to the HCCs
|
250
|
36
|
QNR
|
BSE: 13.6%
CBE: 4.8%
Mammo: 9.6%
Main information resources (physician: 62.4%, healthcare team: 16%)
|
31
|
Ahmadipour,
Kerman,
2015 (46)
|
Cross-Sectional
|
Females referring to urban HCCs
|
240
|
31.7(7)
|
QNR
|
BSE (monthly: 25.6%, irregular: 21.8%, never: 52.6%)
CBE (every year: 8.5%, irregular: 24.8%, never: 66.7%)
Mammo (every year: 5.4%, irregular: 21.6%, never: 73%)
|
32
|
Vahedian Shahroodi,
Mashhad,
2015 (17)
|
Cross-Sectional
|
Females health volunteer
|
410
|
34.7(9.4)
|
QNR
|
Sig relationship between the stages of the change model and BSE (P<0.001).
Main information resource: physician and health care staff.
|
33
|
Tavakoliyan,
Kazeroon,
2015 (16)
|
Cross-Sectional
|
Females 20-65Ys referring to HCCs
|
300
|
39.55(11.08)
|
QNR
|
BSE (regular: 12.7%, never: 48.3%)
CBE (more than 5 times: 1.3%, never: 56.3%)
Mammo (more than 5 times: 3%, never: 82.3%)
Main information resource: healthcare team and TV.
|
34
|
Jouybari,
Kermanshah,
2016 (47)
|
Cross-Sectional
|
Females referring to urban HCCs
|
116
|
NA
|
QNR
|
Mammo: 12.1 %
Predicators to undergoing Mammo: educational level, positive BC_FH, family support, self-efficacy.
|
35
|
Tahmasebi,
Bushehr,
2016 (48)
|
Cross-Sectional
|
Females 20-50Ys referred to
HCCs
|
400
|
27.3(8.08)
|
QNR
|
BSE: 10.9%
Predictive factors for BSE: self-efficacy directly, awareness.
|
36
|
Moshki,
Tehran,
2016 (49)
|
Cross-Sectional
|
Females >50Ys referred to Mammo centers
|
601
|
58.9(6.4)
|
QNR
|
BSE (regular: 15%, irregular: 69.4%, never: 15.6%)
CBE (regular: 29.5%, irregular: 54.5%, never: 20%)
Mammo (repeated one time: 38%)
Effective factors on repeat Mammo: physician recommendation and BSE.
|
37
|
Mirzaei-Alavijeh,
Abadan,
2016 (50)
|
Cross-Sectional
|
Females 35-50Ys referred to HCCs
|
385
|
39.12
|
QNR
|
BSE: 19.1%
Mammo: 7.5%
Predictive factors BC screening: age, education, BC_FH, perceived severity, self-efficacy
|
38
|
Naghibi,
Kermanshah,
2016 (51)
|
Cross-Sectional
|
Female high school teachers
|
258
|
38.9(8)
|
QNR
|
BSE: 48.1%
CBE: 24.8%
Mammo: 9.3%
|
39
|
Ghahramanian,
Tabriz,
2016 (52)
|
Cross-Sectional
|
Females referred to HCCs
|
370
|
NA
|
QNR
|
BSE: 43%
CBE: 23%
Mammo: 38.2%
|
40
|
Aminisani,
Baneh,
2016 (53)
|
Cross-Sectional
|
Females >40Ys referred to HCCs
|
561
|
43.64(5.17)
|
QNR
|
Mammo: 22%
|
41
|
Farajzadegan,
Isfahan,
2016 (54)
|
Cross-Sectional
|
Females with a BC_FH
|
162
|
37.6(11.16)
|
QNR
|
One-third of the participants were in the action/maintenance stages of TTM.
|
42
|
Shirzadi,
Tabriz,
2017 (55)
|
Cross-Sectional
|
Females from
three Iranian cities
|
1131
|
50.28(7.93)
|
QNR
|
Mammo history: 28%
Mammo adoption: 5.6%
Predictors for Mammo adoption: perceived barriers, perceived benefits.
|
43
|
Anbary,
khoramabad,
2017(56)
|
Cross-Sectional
|
Females 20-65Ys referred to HCCs
|
457
|
35.9(9.7)
|
QNR
|
BSE: 10.3%
CBE: 6%
Mammo: 2.4%
|
44
|
Saadat,
Tehran,
2017 (57)
|
Survey
|
Female academics of TUMS
|
99
|
47.79(8.19)
|
QNR
|
BSE: 47.5%
Mammo (regular: 7%, once in 2 past years: 24.4%)
|
45
|
Neinavae,
Karaj,
2017 (58)
|
Cross-Sectional
|
Females referred to Karaj HCCs
|
200
|
35.5(9.7)
|
QNR
|
BSE(aware and performed correctly: 48.5% )
|
46
|
Farzaneh,
Ardabil,
2017 (59)
|
Cross-Sectional
|
Females aged 20-60Ys
|
1134
|
NA
|
QNR
|
BSE: 36.7%
CBE: 5.6%
Mammo: 16.5%
|
47
|
Miri,
Birjand,
2017 (60)
|
Cross-Sectional
|
Females referred to HCCs
|
450
|
30.7(5.2)
|
QNR
|
BSE (pre-action: 75.8%, pre-contemplation: 32.9%, contemplation: 19.6%, preparation: 23.3%, no experience of BSE)
|
48
|
Monfared,
Rasht,
2017 (61)
|
Cross-Sectional
|
Females residing in Rasht
|
1000
|
49.43(10.18)
|
QNR
|
Mammo History: 45%
Cause of screening: 68.4% checking health status.
Cause of not doing screening: 65.3% had no problem, and 3.4% not enough information.
|
49
|
Mirzaei-Alavijeh,
Kermanshah,
2018 (62)
|
Cross-Sectional
|
Females who referred to HCCs
|
408
|
39.61(8.28)
|
QNR
|
Mammo history: 13%
|
50
|
Moghaddam,
Urmia,
2018 (15)
|
Cross-Sectional
|
Females referred to HCCs
|
348
|
43.25(5.36)
|
QNR, C/L
|
Mammo history (never: 12%, at least one: 88%)
Main source of information: doctors
|
51
|
Safizadeh,
Kerman,
2018 (63)
|
Qualitative
|
Females health volunteers from HCCs
|
24
|
42
|
INTVW
|
BSE: 20.8%
CBE: 16.7%
Mammo: 25%
|
52
|
Noori,
Tehran,
2018 (64)
|
Qualitative
|
Females 30-67Ys
|
22
|
40.8(12.5)
|
INTVW
|
Perceived severity: in majority of females was low
Perceived susceptibility: in about half of females was high.
Perceived benefit: in all females was high.
Self-efficacy: in majority of females was low
|
53
|
Pirzadeh,
Isfahan,
2018 (9)
|
Cross-Sectional
|
Female medical students of MUI
|
384
|
20.92(1.26)
|
QNR
|
BSE (pre-contemplation: 42.8%, contemplation: 22%, preparation: 12.8%, action: 13.2%, maintenance: 19%)
Didn't have skills for BSE: 60%
|
54
|
Darvishpour,
Guilan,
2018 (65)
|
Cross-Sectional
|
Females 20-65Ys living in East Guilan cities
|
304
|
NA
|
QNR
|
BSE predictors: perceived benefits, self-efficacy, and perceived barriers.
Mammo predictors: perceived benefits and perceived barriers.
|
55
|
Hayati,
Abadan,
2018 (66)
|
Cross-Sectional
|
Females >35Ys employees of Abadan School of Medical Sciences
|
90
|
42.9(5.8)
|
QNR
|
Mammo) total: 24.4%, once: 17.7%, twice or more: 6.7%)
|
56
|
Mahmoudabadi,
Kerman,
2018 (67)
|
Cross-Sectional
|
Female nurses from Kerman educational hospitals
|
209
|
35.53(8.01)
|
QNR
|
BSE: 9.1%
CBE: 26.3%
Mammo: 15.8%
|
57
|
Izanloo,
Mashhad,
2018 (68)
|
Cross-Sectional
|
Patients referred to outpatient clinics and people >14Ys in public urban areas
|
1469
|
38.8(11.69)
|
QNR
|
Main screening methods (self-assessment: 41.6%, ultrasound: 46.4%)
|
58
|
Kardan-Souraki,
Mazandaran,
2019 (69)
|
Cross-Sectional
|
Females participating in BC screening programs
|
1165
|
37.15(8.84)
|
QNR
|
BSE: 62%
CBE: 41.1%
Mammo: 21.7%
|
59
|
Khazir,
Khorramabad,
2019 (70)
|
Cross-Sectional
|
Females referred to HCCs
|
262
|
49.62(7.79)
|
QNR
|
Mammo: 30.85%
Sig. relationship between HBM component and Mammo behavior.
|
60
|
Naimi,
Kermanshah,
2019 (71)
|
Cross-Sectional
|
Married females clients of eight HCCs
|
334
|
39.75(7.73)
|
QNR
|
BC screening adoption (pre-contemplation: 58.4%, contemplation: 26.9%, preparation: 3%, action: 9.6%, maintenance: 2.1%)
|
61
|
Nikpour,
Babol,
2019 (18)
|
Cross-Sectional
|
Urban population under the coverage of HCCs
|
800
|
47.63(10.46)
|
QNR
|
BSE:17.5%
CBE:15.3%
Mammo:21.6%
Mean 5-year and lifetime risk: 0.89 ±0.89 and 8.87 ±3.84.
Predicting mammography performance: the high 5-year calculated risk.
|