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Research
Adele Costabile
University of Roehampton
Corresponding Author
ORCiD: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3185-030X
License:
This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License. Read Full License
Background
Dietary lignans belong to the group of phytoestrogens together with coumestans, stilbenes and isoflavones, and themselves do not exhibit oestrogen-like properties. Nonetheless, the gut microbiota converts them into enterolignans, which show chemical similarity to the human oestrogen molecule. One of the richest dietary sources of lignans are oilseeds, including flaxseed. The aim of this study was to determine the concentration of the main dietary lignans in an oilseed mix, and evaluate the gut microbiota-dependent production of enterolignans for oestrogen substitution in young and premenopausal women. The oilseed mix was fermented in a pH-controlled batch culture system inoculated with women’s faecal samples. The lignan content and enterolignan production were measured by ultra‐high-performance liquid chromatography – tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS/MS), and the gut-derived microbial communities were profiled by 16S rRNA gene-based next-generation sequencing.
Results
In vitro batch culture fermentation of faecal samples inoculated with oilseed mix for 24 h resulted in a substantial increase in enterolactone production in younger women and an increase in enterodiol in the premenopausal group. As for the gut microbiota, different baseline profiles were observed as well as different temporal dynamics, mainly related to Clostridiaceae, and Klebsiella and Collinsella spp.
Conclusions
Despite the small sample size, our results revealed that lignan-rich oilseeds have a strong influence on the faecal microbiota of both younger and premenopausal females, leading to a different enterolignan profile being produced. More studies are needed to evaluate the long-term effects of lignan-rich diets on the gut microbiota and find out how enterolactone-producing bacterial species could be increased. Diets rich in lignans could potentially serve as a safe supplement of oestrogen analogues to satisfy cellular needs for endogenous oestrogen and deliver numerous health benefits, provided that the premenopausal woman microbiota is capable of converting dietary precursors to enterolignans.
Keywords
Flaxseed, enterolignans, enterolactone, enterodiol, gut microbiome, metabolism
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CURRENT STATUS: Published
View the published article at Microbial Cell Factories.
No community comments so far
Editor assigned
On 25 Mar, 2020
Editorial decision: Accept
On 25 Mar, 2020
Submission checks complete
On 24 Mar, 2020
Editor invited
On 24 Mar, 2020
Version 1
Posted 13 Dec, 2019
No comments provided
Editorial decision: Major Revision
On 25 Feb, 2020
Review #3 received
Received 24 Feb, 2020
Review #2 received
Received 11 Feb, 2020
Reviewer #3 agreed
On 05 Feb, 2020
Review #1 received
Received 30 Jan, 2020
Reviewer #2 agreed
On 21 Jan, 2020
Reviewer #1 agreed
On 20 Jan, 2020
Reviewers invited
Invitations sent on 17 Jan, 2020
Editor assigned
On 11 Dec, 2019
First submitted
On 10 Dec, 2019
Submission checks complete
On 10 Dec, 2019
Editor invited
On 10 Dec, 2019
Metrics
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PDF Downloads: ...
HTML Views: ...
Subject Areas
Applied & Industrial Microbiology
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A new preprint design is coming!
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See the published version of this preprint at Microbial Cell Factories.
This is a preprint, a preliminary version of a manuscript that has not completed peer review at a journal. Research Square does not conduct peer review prior to posting preprints. The posting of a preprint on this server should not be interpreted as an endorsement of its validity or suitability for dissemination as established information or for guiding clinical practice.
Learn more about In Review
Research
Adele Costabile
University of Roehampton
Corresponding Author
ORCiD: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3185-030X
Badges
Prescreen
This manuscript passed our Prescreen assessment
Complete author information
Appropriate declaration statements
Potential risks to human health
Prescreen
Peer Review Timeline
CURRENT STATUS: Published
View the published article at Microbial Cell Factories.
No community comments so far
Editor assigned
On 25 Mar, 2020
Editorial decision: Accept
On 25 Mar, 2020
Submission checks complete
On 24 Mar, 2020
Editor invited
On 24 Mar, 2020
Version 1
Posted 13 Dec, 2019
No comments provided
Editorial decision: Major Revision
On 25 Feb, 2020
Review #3 received
Received 24 Feb, 2020
Review #2 received
Received 11 Feb, 2020
Reviewer #3 agreed
On 05 Feb, 2020
Review #1 received
Received 30 Jan, 2020
Reviewer #2 agreed
On 21 Jan, 2020
Reviewer #1 agreed
On 20 Jan, 2020
Reviewers invited
Invitations sent on 17 Jan, 2020
Editor assigned
On 11 Dec, 2019
First submitted
On 10 Dec, 2019
Submission checks complete
On 10 Dec, 2019
Editor invited
On 10 Dec, 2019
Metrics
Comments: 0
PDF Downloads: ...
HTML Views: ...
Subject Areas
Applied & Industrial Microbiology
License:
This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License. Read Full License
View the published article at Microbial Cell Factories.
Background
Dietary lignans belong to the group of phytoestrogens together with coumestans, stilbenes and isoflavones, and themselves do not exhibit oestrogen-like properties. Nonetheless, the gut microbiota converts them into enterolignans, which show chemical similarity to the human oestrogen molecule. One of the richest dietary sources of lignans are oilseeds, including flaxseed. The aim of this study was to determine the concentration of the main dietary lignans in an oilseed mix, and evaluate the gut microbiota-dependent production of enterolignans for oestrogen substitution in young and premenopausal women. The oilseed mix was fermented in a pH-controlled batch culture system inoculated with women’s faecal samples. The lignan content and enterolignan production were measured by ultra‐high-performance liquid chromatography – tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS/MS), and the gut-derived microbial communities were profiled by 16S rRNA gene-based next-generation sequencing.
Results
In vitro batch culture fermentation of faecal samples inoculated with oilseed mix for 24 h resulted in a substantial increase in enterolactone production in younger women and an increase in enterodiol in the premenopausal group. As for the gut microbiota, different baseline profiles were observed as well as different temporal dynamics, mainly related to Clostridiaceae, and Klebsiella and Collinsella spp.
Conclusions
Despite the small sample size, our results revealed that lignan-rich oilseeds have a strong influence on the faecal microbiota of both younger and premenopausal females, leading to a different enterolignan profile being produced. More studies are needed to evaluate the long-term effects of lignan-rich diets on the gut microbiota and find out how enterolactone-producing bacterial species could be increased. Diets rich in lignans could potentially serve as a safe supplement of oestrogen analogues to satisfy cellular needs for endogenous oestrogen and deliver numerous health benefits, provided that the premenopausal woman microbiota is capable of converting dietary precursors to enterolignans.
Figure 1
Figure 2
Figure 3
Figure 4
This is a list of supplementary files associated with this preprint. Click to download.
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