Appropriate evaluation of maxillofacial growth and development is important for effective orthodontic treatment. The evaluation of growth is not based on chronological age, but on the physiological age that is evaluated according to individual development. The cervical vertebral bone age is one approach to evaluate physiological age. In the present study, we evaluated the growth pattern of maxilla and mandible in Japanese patients using the age of the cervical vertebrae as an index. Lateral cephalometric radiographs taken before the start of the orthodontic treatment were traced to evaluate the age of the cervical vertebrae and mandible. Altogether, 400 patients were allocated to groups based on the cervical vertebral maturation stages (CVMS), namely, CVMS I to V, with 80 patients in each group. In this study, stratified random sampling was used to obtain the required samples. We measured ANS-PNS as an index of maxillary length, whereas Ar-Go as an index of mandibular height and Go-Pog as an index of mandibular length on the cephalograms. It was found that ANS-PNS increased significantly between CVMS II and CVMS III, while both Ar-Go and Go-Pog increased significantly between CVMS III and CVMS IV in men. On the other hand, such significant increases in consecutive stages were not found in women. Based on these observations, it was suggested that CVMS is effective in evaluating the growth pattern of the maxilla and mandible.