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Hwang Sheng Lee
Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman - Kampus Bandar Sungai Long
Corresponding Author
ORCiD: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0053-7620
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pH, oxidation-reduction potential (ORP) and dissolved oxygen (DO) concentration are important parameters in water quality surveillance and treatment. The changes of these parameters are associated with electron density in water. Several techniques including electrolysis and catalysis which require redox reactions and electron exchange are employed to improve these parameters. In recent years, studies reported that magnetic effects can impart considerable changes on the pH, ORP and DO concentration of water. However, the correlation between electron density and magnetic effects on these parameters has yet to be disclosed despite the fact that increased electron density in water could improve water’s reductive properties, heat capacity and hydrogen bonding characteristics. In this study, the magnetic effects on pH, ORP and DO concentration were investigated using different magnets arrangements and water flow rates based on reversed electric motor principle. Results showed that the improvement of pH, ORP and DO concentration from 5.40–5.42 to 5.58–5.62 (+ 3.5%), 392 to 365 mV (-6.9%), and 7.30 to 7.71 mg L− 1 (+ 5.6%), respectively were achieved using combined variables of non-reversed polarity magnet arrangement (1000–1500 G magnetic strength) and water flow rate of 0.1–0.5 mL s− 1. Such decrement in ORP value also corresponded to 8.0 × 1013 number of electron generation in water. Furthermore, Raman analysis revealed that magnetic effect could strengthen the intermolecular hydrogen bonding of water molecules and favor formation of smaller water clusters. The findings of this study could contribute to potential applications in aquaculture, water quality control and treatment of cancer attributed to free radical induced-oxidative stress.
Keywords
Electron density, Dissolved oxygen concentration, Magnetic effect, Reversed electric motor principle, Free radical, Water quality parameters
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This is a preprint, a preliminary version of a manuscript that has not completed peer review at a journal. Research Square does not conduct peer review prior to posting preprints. The posting of a preprint on this server should not be interpreted as an endorsement of its validity or suitability for dissemination as established information or for guiding clinical practice.
Learn more about In Review
Research
Hwang Sheng Lee
Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman - Kampus Bandar Sungai Long
Corresponding Author
ORCiD: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0053-7620
Badges
Prescreen
This manuscript passed our Prescreen assessment
Complete author information
Appropriate declaration statements
Potential risks to human health
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Peer Review Timeline
CURRENT STATUS: Published
View the published article at Sustainable Environment Research.
Version 2
Posted 04 Feb, 2021
No community comments so far
Editorial decision: Accept
On 26 Jan, 2021
Editor assigned
On 25 Jan, 2021
Submission checks complete
On 25 Jan, 2021
Editor invited
On 25 Jan, 2021
First submitted
On 21 Jan, 2021
Version (no preprint)
Posted 04 Jan, 2021
Editorial decision: Minor revision
On 04 Jan, 2021
Editor assigned
On 24 Dec, 2020
Submission checks complete
On 24 Dec, 2020
Editor invited
On 24 Dec, 2020
This version was not preprinted
Version (no preprint)
Posted 09 Dec, 2020
Editorial decision: Minor revision
On 09 Dec, 2020
Review #2 received
Received 06 Dec, 2020
Review #1 received
Received 23 Nov, 2020
Reviewer #2 agreed
On 22 Nov, 2020
Reviewers invited
Invitations sent on 08 Nov, 2020
Reviewer #1 agreed
On 08 Nov, 2020
Editor assigned
On 29 Oct, 2020
Submission checks complete
On 29 Oct, 2020
Editor invited
On 29 Oct, 2020
This version was not preprinted
No comments provided
Editorial decision: Revise before peer review
On 21 Oct, 2020
Editor assigned
On 20 Oct, 2020
First submitted
On 19 Oct, 2020
Submission checks complete
On 19 Oct, 2020
Editor invited
On 19 Oct, 2020
Metrics
Comments: 0
PDF Downloads: ...
HTML Views: ...
License:
This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License. Read Full License
View the published article at Sustainable Environment Research.
pH, oxidation-reduction potential (ORP) and dissolved oxygen (DO) concentration are important parameters in water quality surveillance and treatment. The changes of these parameters are associated with electron density in water. Several techniques including electrolysis and catalysis which require redox reactions and electron exchange are employed to improve these parameters. In recent years, studies reported that magnetic effects can impart considerable changes on the pH, ORP and DO concentration of water. However, the correlation between electron density and magnetic effects on these parameters has yet to be disclosed despite the fact that increased electron density in water could improve water’s reductive properties, heat capacity and hydrogen bonding characteristics. In this study, the magnetic effects on pH, ORP and DO concentration were investigated using different magnets arrangements and water flow rates based on reversed electric motor principle. Results showed that the improvement of pH, ORP and DO concentration from 5.40–5.42 to 5.58–5.62 (+ 3.5%), 392 to 365 mV (-6.9%), and 7.30 to 7.71 mg L− 1 (+ 5.6%), respectively were achieved using combined variables of non-reversed polarity magnet arrangement (1000–1500 G magnetic strength) and water flow rate of 0.1–0.5 mL s− 1. Such decrement in ORP value also corresponded to 8.0 × 1013 number of electron generation in water. Furthermore, Raman analysis revealed that magnetic effect could strengthen the intermolecular hydrogen bonding of water molecules and favor formation of smaller water clusters. The findings of this study could contribute to potential applications in aquaculture, water quality control and treatment of cancer attributed to free radical induced-oxidative stress.
Figure 1
Figure 2
Figure 3
Figure 4
Figure 5
This is a list of supplementary files associated with this preprint. Click to download.
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