14 RCTs that compared return-to-work coordination programmes to usual practice (data from Vogel et. al 2017)
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Reference ID*
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Control intervention1
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Country
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Intervention year(s)
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Reason for workers sick leave
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RtW Outcome(s)
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Bültmann 2009
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moderate level of support
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Denmark
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2004-2005
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low back pain or musculoskeletal disorders as the main cause of sick leave
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cumulative sickness absence, proportion of participants at work at end of the follow-up
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Davey 1994
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low level of support
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Scotland, North-East England
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unknown
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injuries likely to result in absence from work of 6 months or more
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proportion of participants at work at end of the follow-up, proportion of participants who had ever returned to work
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Donceel 1999
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low level of support
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Belgium
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1996-1998
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surgery for disc herniation
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time to return to work, proportion of participants at work at end of the follow-up, proportion of participants who had ever returned to work
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Feuertsein 2003
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moderate level of support
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USA
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1999-2002
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work-related upper extremity disorder
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time to return to work, proportion of participants who had ever returned to work
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Jensen 2012
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high level of support
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Denmark
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2004-2009
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low back pain
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cumulative sickness absence, time to return to work, proportion of participants at work at end of the follow-up, proportion of participants who had ever returned to work
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Lambeek 2010
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moderate level of support
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Netherlands
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2005-2008
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non-specific chronic low back pain
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cumulative sickness absence, time to return to work, proportion of participants who had ever returned to work
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Lindh 1997
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low level of support
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Sweden
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not reported
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non-specific chronic musculoskeletal pain
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proportion of participants at work at end of the follow-up, proportion of participants who had ever returned to work
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Myhre 2014
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moderate level of support
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Norway
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2009-2012
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neck pain (10%) and low back pain (90%)
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cumulative sickness absence, time to return to work, proportion of participants who had ever returned to work
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Purdon 2006
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low level of support
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United Kingdom
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2003-2005
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any condition likely to result in a 50% chance to return to work (musculoskeletal, mental and behavioural problems, injuries)
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proportion of participants at work at end of the follow-up, proportion of participants who had ever returned to work
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Rossignol 2000
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low level of support
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Canada
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1995-1997
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any work-related injury to the middle or lower vertebral column, not surgery or multiple injuries
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time to return to work, proportion of participants who had ever returned to work
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Scholz 2015
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moderate level of support
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Switzerland
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2002-2012
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severe accidents, occupational and non-occupational
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cumulative sickness absence
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Stapelfeldt 2011
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high level of support
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Denmark
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2007-2009
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low back pain
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cumulative sickness absence, time to return to work, proportion of participants who had ever returned to work
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Van der Feltz Cornelis 2010
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moderate level of support
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Netherlands
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not reported (3 years)
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anxiety, depression, somatoform disorder
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time to return to work, proportion of participants at work at end of the follow-up, proportion of participants who had ever returned to work
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Volker 2015
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moderate level of support
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Netherlands
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not reported
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common mental disorders
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cumulative sickness absence, time to return to work, proportion of participants who had ever returned to work
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1 defined by Vogel et al. 2017 as usual practice with low, moderate or high level of support
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*Citations to reference IDs: Bültmann U, Sherson D, Olsen J, Hansen CL, Lund T, Kilsgaard J. Coordinated and tailored work rehabilitation: a randomized controlled trial with economic evaluation undertaken with workers on sick leave due to musculoskeletal disorders. Journal of Occupational Rehabilitation 2009;19(1):81–93.; Davey CA. The Implementation and Evaluation of a Rehabilitation Co-ordinator Service for Personal Injury Claimants. Edinburgh: University of Edinburgh, 1994. Donceel P, Du Bois M, Lahaye D. Return to work after surgery for lumbar disc herniation. A rehabilitation-oriented approach in insurance medicine. Spine 1999;24(9):872–6.; Feuerstein M, Huang GD, Ortiz JM, Shaw WS, Miller VI, Wood PM. Integrated case management for work-related upper-extremity disorders: impact of patient satisfaction on health and work status. Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine 2003;45(8):803–12.; Jensen C, Jensen OK, Nielsen CV. Sustainability of return to work in sick-listed employees with low-back pain. Two-year follow-up in a randomized clinical trial comparing multidisciplinary and brief intervention. BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders 2012;13:156.; Lambeek LC, van Mechelen W, Knol DL, Loisel P, Anema JR. Randomised controlled trial of integrated care to reduce disability from chronic low back pain in working and private life. BMJ 2010;340:c1035. [DOI: 10.1136/bmj.c1035; Lindh M, Lurie M, Sann H. A randomized prospective study of vocational outcome in rehabilitation of patients with non-specific musculoskeletal pain: A multidisciplinary approach to patients identified after 90 days of sick-leave. Scandinavian Journal of Rehabilitation Medicine 1997;29(2): 103–12.; Myhre K, Marchand GH, Leivseth G, Keller A, Bautz-Holter E, Sandvik L, et al. The effect of work-focused rehabilitation among patients with neck and back pain: a randomized controlled trial. Spine 2014;39(24):1999–2006.; Purdon S, Stratford N, Taylor R, Natarajan L, Bell S, Wittenburg D. Impacts of the job retention and rehabilitation pilot. Leeds: Department for Work and Pensions. 2006. Research Report No 342.; Rossignol M, Abenhaim L, Seguin P, Neveu A, Collet JP, Ducruet T, et al. Coordination of primary health care for back pain. A randomized controlled trial. Spine 2000;25 (2):251-8; discussion 258-9.; Scholz SM, Andermatt P, Tobler BL, Spinnler D. Work incapacity and treatment costs after severe accidents: standard vs. intensive case management in a 6-year randomized controlled trial. Journal of Occupational Rehabilitation 2016;26(3):319–31.; Stapelfeldt CM, Christiansen DH, Jensen OK, Nielsen CV, Petersen KD, Jensen C. Subgroup analyses on return to work in sick-listed employees with low back pain in a randomised trial comparing brief and multidisciplinary intervention. BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders 2011;12:112.; Van der Feltz-Cornelis CM, Hoedeman R, de Jong FJ, Meeuwissen JA, Drewes HW, van der Laan NC, et al. Faster return to work after psychiatric consultation for sicklisted employees with common mental disorders compared to care as usual. A randomized clinical trial. Journal of Neuropsychiatric Disease and Treatment 2010;6:375–85.; Volker D, Zijlstra-Vlasveld MC, Anema JR, Beekman AT, Brouwers EP, Emons WH, et al. Effectiveness of a blended web-based intervention on return to work for sick-listed employees with common mental disorders: results of a cluster randomized controlled trial. Journal of Medical Internet Research 2015;17(5):e116.
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