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Woojae Myung
Seoul National University Bundang Hospital
Corresponding Author
ORCiD: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9985-2032
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Background Subjective cognitive decline (SCD) is a potential risk factor for dementia. We aimed to investigate the association between SCD and subsequent dementia in a nationwide population-based cohort in South Korea.
Methods This cohort included 579,710 66-year-old adults who were followed for a total of 3,870,293 person-years (average 6.68±1.33 years per person). All subjects completed a questionnaire about subjective memory impairment, the Pre-screening Korean Dementia Screening Questionnaire (KDSQ-P), which included a validated 5-item derivative, and were determined to have SCD based on a single question assessing memory decline. Depressive symptoms were assessed in all subjects using a 3-item modified geriatric depression scale. Hazard ratios were estimated using the Cox proportional hazards model and compared between subjects with and without SCD.
Results Compared to subjects without SCD, those with SCD were more likely to develop dementia (incidence per 1,000 person-years: non-SCD: 5.66; SCD: 8.59). After adjusting for potential confounding factors, the risk of subsequent dementia significantly increased in subjects with SCD, with an adjusted hazard ratio (aHR) of 1.38 (95% confidence interval [CI] 1.34 to 1.41). The risk of subsequent dementia was greatly increased in subjects with higher KDSQ-P scores (aHR = 2.77, 95% CI 2.47 to 3.11). A significant association between SCD and dementia was observed in both depressive and non-depressive symptom groups (aHR = 1.50, 95% CI 1.42 to 1.57 in subjects with depressive symptoms; aHR = 1.33, 95% CI 1.29 to 1.37 in subjects without depressive symptoms; P = 0.001).
Conclusions In this population of 66-year-old individuals, SCD was significantly associated with an increased risk of subsequent dementia. This association was found in both depressive and non-depressive groups, with an increased risk of dementia in the presence of depressive symptoms. Our findings suggest that SCD indicates a risk for dementia. Further studies are needed to delineate potential approaches to preventing the development of dementia in individuals with SCD.
Keywords
Subjective cognitive decline, Subjective memory impairment, Alzheimer’s disease, Dementia, Depression, Preclinical Alzheimer’s disease
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CURRENT STATUS: Published
View the published article at Alzheimer's Research & Therapy.
Version 2
Posted 31 Mar, 2020
No community comments so far
Editorial decision: Accept
On 09 Apr, 2020
Reviewer #4 agreed
On 09 Apr, 2020
Review #3 received
Received 06 Apr, 2020
Reviewer #3 agreed
On 31 Mar, 2020
Review #2 received
Received 30 Mar, 2020
Reviewers invited
Invitations sent on 30 Mar, 2020
Reviewer #1 agreed
On 30 Mar, 2020
Reviewer #2 agreed
On 30 Mar, 2020
Review #1 received
Received 30 Mar, 2020
Editor assigned
On 27 Mar, 2020
Submission checks complete
On 26 Mar, 2020
Editor invited
On 26 Mar, 2020
No comments provided
Editorial decision: Major Revision
On 29 Jan, 2020
Review #4 received
Received 24 Jan, 2020
Review #2 received
Received 19 Jan, 2020
Review #3 received
Received 19 Jan, 2020
Review #1 received
Received 17 Jan, 2020
Reviewer #4 agreed
On 12 Jan, 2020
Reviewer #3 agreed
On 08 Jan, 2020
Reviewer #2 agreed
On 08 Jan, 2020
Reviewer #1 agreed
On 07 Jan, 2020
Reviewers invited
Invitations sent on 21 Dec, 2019
First submitted
On 13 Dec, 2019
Editor assigned
On 13 Dec, 2019
Submission checks complete
On 12 Dec, 2019
Editor invited
On 12 Dec, 2019
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Subject Areas
Cognitive Neuroscience
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See the published version of this preprint at Alzheimer's Research & Therapy.
This is a preprint, a preliminary version of a manuscript that has not completed peer review at a journal. Research Square does not conduct peer review prior to posting preprints. The posting of a preprint on this server should not be interpreted as an endorsement of its validity or suitability for dissemination as established information or for guiding clinical practice.
Learn more about In Review
Research
Woojae Myung
Seoul National University Bundang Hospital
Corresponding Author
ORCiD: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9985-2032
Badges
Prescreen
This manuscript passed our Prescreen assessment
Complete author information
Appropriate declaration statements
Potential risks to human health
Prescreen
Peer Review Timeline
CURRENT STATUS: Published
View the published article at Alzheimer's Research & Therapy.
Version 2
Posted 31 Mar, 2020
No community comments so far
Editorial decision: Accept
On 09 Apr, 2020
Reviewer #4 agreed
On 09 Apr, 2020
Review #3 received
Received 06 Apr, 2020
Reviewer #3 agreed
On 31 Mar, 2020
Review #2 received
Received 30 Mar, 2020
Reviewers invited
Invitations sent on 30 Mar, 2020
Reviewer #1 agreed
On 30 Mar, 2020
Reviewer #2 agreed
On 30 Mar, 2020
Review #1 received
Received 30 Mar, 2020
Editor assigned
On 27 Mar, 2020
Submission checks complete
On 26 Mar, 2020
Editor invited
On 26 Mar, 2020
No comments provided
Editorial decision: Major Revision
On 29 Jan, 2020
Review #4 received
Received 24 Jan, 2020
Review #2 received
Received 19 Jan, 2020
Review #3 received
Received 19 Jan, 2020
Review #1 received
Received 17 Jan, 2020
Reviewer #4 agreed
On 12 Jan, 2020
Reviewer #3 agreed
On 08 Jan, 2020
Reviewer #2 agreed
On 08 Jan, 2020
Reviewer #1 agreed
On 07 Jan, 2020
Reviewers invited
Invitations sent on 21 Dec, 2019
First submitted
On 13 Dec, 2019
Editor assigned
On 13 Dec, 2019
Submission checks complete
On 12 Dec, 2019
Editor invited
On 12 Dec, 2019
Metrics
Comments: 0
PDF Downloads: ...
HTML Views: ...
Subject Areas
Cognitive Neuroscience
License:
This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License. Read Full License
View the published article at Alzheimer's Research & Therapy.
Background Subjective cognitive decline (SCD) is a potential risk factor for dementia. We aimed to investigate the association between SCD and subsequent dementia in a nationwide population-based cohort in South Korea.
Methods This cohort included 579,710 66-year-old adults who were followed for a total of 3,870,293 person-years (average 6.68±1.33 years per person). All subjects completed a questionnaire about subjective memory impairment, the Pre-screening Korean Dementia Screening Questionnaire (KDSQ-P), which included a validated 5-item derivative, and were determined to have SCD based on a single question assessing memory decline. Depressive symptoms were assessed in all subjects using a 3-item modified geriatric depression scale. Hazard ratios were estimated using the Cox proportional hazards model and compared between subjects with and without SCD.
Results Compared to subjects without SCD, those with SCD were more likely to develop dementia (incidence per 1,000 person-years: non-SCD: 5.66; SCD: 8.59). After adjusting for potential confounding factors, the risk of subsequent dementia significantly increased in subjects with SCD, with an adjusted hazard ratio (aHR) of 1.38 (95% confidence interval [CI] 1.34 to 1.41). The risk of subsequent dementia was greatly increased in subjects with higher KDSQ-P scores (aHR = 2.77, 95% CI 2.47 to 3.11). A significant association between SCD and dementia was observed in both depressive and non-depressive symptom groups (aHR = 1.50, 95% CI 1.42 to 1.57 in subjects with depressive symptoms; aHR = 1.33, 95% CI 1.29 to 1.37 in subjects without depressive symptoms; P = 0.001).
Conclusions In this population of 66-year-old individuals, SCD was significantly associated with an increased risk of subsequent dementia. This association was found in both depressive and non-depressive groups, with an increased risk of dementia in the presence of depressive symptoms. Our findings suggest that SCD indicates a risk for dementia. Further studies are needed to delineate potential approaches to preventing the development of dementia in individuals with SCD.
Figure 1
Figure 2
Figure 3
This is a list of supplementary files associated with this preprint. Click to download.
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