Etiologies and Clinical Characteristics of Patients with Macular Hole: A 8-Years Single-Center Retrospective Study

DOI: https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-969062/v1

Abstract

Background: To investigate the etiologies and clinical characteristics of full-thickness macular hole (FTMH) patients at Shanxi eye hospital of North China.

Methods: Patients diagnosed with FTMH and treated with surgery from 2012 to 2020 were included, and the etiologies and clinical features of different types of MHs were analysed in the 8-years cross sectional retrospective study. Multivariate correlation analysis was used to predict the related factors affecting baseline vision.

Results: A total of 752 cases (776 eyes) were analysed. The top three causes of MH were idiopathic (IMH, 64.4%), myopic (MMH, 21.1%) and traumatic (TMH, 3.7%). Among these three causes’ groups, there were significant differences in sex distribution, age, and baseline BCVA. Female was predominated in IMH and MMH, while it was the opposite in TMH. The age of onset in IMH was older than MMH and TMH. The baseline Logarithm of the Minimum Angle of Resolution (logMAR) best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) in IMH (Z=8.9, p<0.001) and Others group (Z=4.0, p<0.001) were significantly better than in MMH. In IMH, female patients had younger age, shorter axial length, and poorer baseline BCVA than male, while in MMH there were no significant differences between sexes. Multivariate correlation analysis showed that the smaller hole diameter of IMH, MMH without retinal detachment and younger age in TMH, may resulted in better baseline BCVA.

Conclusions: The most common etiologies in MH were idiopathic, myopic and traumatic, which contributed to the different clinical features. Female was more common in IMH and MMH, and patients with MMH were 6.5 years earlier than IMH in onset. Therefore earlier monitoring fundus for female and people with high myopia is helpful for early detection and timely treatment.

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