Analysis of Furrow Irrigation Design Parameters On Sugarcane Growth And Yield Parameters Under Wonji Shoa Climatic Condition

Sugarcane is one of the important industrial crops produced all over the tropical areas. Sugarcane production is highly expanding in developing countries like Ethiopia. However, sugarcane is characterized by very high crop requirements. But sugarcane is produced mostly in Ethiopia using furrow irrigation methods in which more losses of irrigation water is most common due to many factors. Even if there are high losses of water in furrow irrigation, in which its performance 28 influenced by many factors, to improve its performance or reduces the losses of irrigation water proper furrow irrigation decision variables combination is very important. In line with this the 30 current study focused on three main furrow irrigation design parameters. The main purpose of 31 the current study was to analyse effect of furrow irrigation design on sugarcane growth and yield 32 parameters under Wonji Shoa Sugar Estate conditions. The field experiment was conducted using 33 Split-split plot design with three factorial experiments replicated three times. All required data on 34 growth and yield of sugarcane parameters were collected and analysed using SAS 9.4 version 35 statistical software. The effect of furrow slope showed statistically significance variation at 5% 36 significance on growth parameters (cane height, cane weight, cane diameter and number of cane 37 internode per stalk), but non significance variation on yield components of sugarcane (moisture 38 percent, dry substance, number of millable cane stalk and sugarcane yield). But the effect of 39 furrow length showed statistically significance variation on almost all growth and yield 40 parameters of sugarcane at 5% significance level except sugarcane yield. Finally, the effect of 41 furrow discharge rate on all growth and yield parameters considered were showed statistically 42 significance variation at 5% significance level except number of millable cane stalk. In general, 43 the highest sugarcane yield was obtained from furrow slope three, furrow length three and furrow 44 discharge rate as compared to the other factors level. Therefore, this result it can be recommended 45 that slightly slope, longer furrow length and less properly applied discharge rate resulted in more 46 yield of sugarcane.


factors. Even if there are high losses of water in furrow irrigation, in which its performance
influenced by many factors, to improve its performance or reduces the losses of irrigation water 29 proper furrow irrigation decision variables combination is very important. In line with this the 30 current study focused on three main furrow irrigation design parameters. The main purpose of 31 the current study was to analyse effect of furrow irrigation design on sugarcane growth and yield 32 parameters under Wonji Shoa Sugar Estate conditions. The field experiment was conducted using

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The sugarcane (Saccharum spp.) is a crop of great social, economic and environmental 64 importance almost all over the world. It is the world largest crop by production in quantity and 65 produced in 120 countries. The ten (10) largest sugar producing nations represent roughly 75% of 66 world sugar production (Marcos et al. 2018). In production, Brazil still remains on the top with 67 (33%) of global sugar production followed India (23%), China (7%) and Pakistan (4%). Africa 68 contributed less than 5% of the world sugarcane production. In world, sugarcane is grown between 69 the latitude 36.7 0 N and 31.0 0 S of the equator extending from tropical to subtropical zones. About 70 80% of sugar is obtained from sugarcane and the remaining 20% is produced from sugar beet  Surface irrigation is the most commonly used in the developing countries of which the furrow 82 irrigation methods largely covered from farm house hold to large machanized farms. But the 83 performance of furrow irrigation affected by many factors due to its nature of water application.

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The main factors that impact on the performance of furrow irrigation can be categorised as design,

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For this experiment, different materials were used from the field layout to the final data collection.

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For field layout preparations, measuring tape, spade, rake and pitchfork were used. Planting materials and inputs used were sugarcane variety NCO334, with two buds, fertilizers and chemicals. 164 For soil data sample collection, auger, shovel, soil moisture can and sensitive weight balance were 165 used and for soil moisture analysis, oven dry and sensitive balance were used. For irrigation 166 management purpose, Par shall flume, ruler for measuring water depth, stop watch for recording 167 advance and recession time. After the crop matured also different material used were cane cutter 168 (machete), weight balance, length measuring meter and caliper. Finally, for sugarcane yield and 169 quality parameters analysis different laboratory materials were also used.

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The treatments were laid out in a split-split plot design with three factors arranged as the main plot,  In the determination of the soil moisture content of the field experiment, the soil sample was taken 189 from the field in the Z fashion across the whole field at two depths (0-30 and 30-60cm). To 190 determine the soil moisture content, the wet weight of soil sample taken from the field at each 191 depth was weighted at the field using sensitive balance and taken to oven dry at 105 0 C for 24hrs.

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The oven dried soil sample was weighted to obtain dried weight and the gravimetric moisture

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The effect of furrow irrigation design parameters were analysed on sugarcane growth, yield and 302 quality parameters. Also, the effect of different rate of irrigation applied analysed on sugarcane 303 water productivity.  statistically showed significance variation at 5% significance level (Table 2). This may be due to  (Table 2). Finally, the effect of extreme water condition in sugarcane resulted in reduction of total cane yield.

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Hence the effect of furrow length showed significance variation on almost all growth parameters 366 but is showed non-significant on the final requirement of the crop or cane yield (Table 3). internodes, moisture percentage, dry substance and cane yield were statistically showed 377 significance variation at 5% significance level (Table 4). But the effect of discharge showed non 378 significance variation on the number of millable cane stack. This indicates that the effect of furrow 379 discharge rate has high impact on the growth and yield parameters of sugarcane. As it already 380 stated, sugarcane crop is highly sensitive to water logging as well as water stress, the growth and

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Sugarcane is perennial water intensive crop and produced for commercial purpose all over the world. It 418 is a crop which is very sensitive to both high and low water application throughout the growing season.

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Since the crop is highly demanded and requires more amount of water to produce yield throughout the Some or all data, models, or code that support the findings of this study are available from the 444 corresponding author upon reasonable request," in the journal submission question regarding data 445 availability.