1 Casey BM, McIntire DD, Leveno KJ. The continuing value of the Apgar score for the assessment of newborn infants. N Engl J Med. 2001;344:467-471.
2 Li F, Wu T, Lei X, Zhang H, Mao M, Zhang J. The Apgar score and infant mortality. PLoS One. 2013; 29;8:e69072.
3 Victory R, Penava D, Da Silva O, Natale R, Richardson B. Umbilical cord pH and base excess values in relation to adverse outcome events for infants delivering at term. Am J Obstet Gynecol.2004;191:2021-2028.
4 Locatelli A, Incerti M, Ghidini A, Greco M, Villa E, Paterlini G. Factors associated with umbilical artery acidemia in term infants with low Apgar scores at 5 min. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol. 2008;139:146-150.
5 Forsblad K, Källén K, Marsál K, Hellström-Westas L. Apgar score predicts short-term outcome in infants born at 25 gestational weeks. Acta Paediatr. 2007; 96:166-171.
6 Mori R, Shiraishi J, Negishi H, Fujimura M. Predictive value of Apgar score in infants with very low birth weight .Acta Paediatr. 2008; 97:720-723.
7 Lagatta J, Yan K, Hoffmann R. The association between 5-min Apgar score and mortality disappears after 24 h at the borderline of viability. Acta Paediatr. 2012; 101:e243-247.
8 Lee HC, Subeh M, Gould JB. Low Apgar score and mortality in extremely preterm neonates born in the United States. Acta Paediatr. 2010; 99:1785-1789.
9 Dorling JS, Field DJ, Manktelow B. Neonatal disease severity scoring systems. Arch Dis Child Fetal Neonatal Ed. 2005;90(1):F11-6.
10 Barzilay B, Shirman N, Bibi H, Abu-Kishk I. Newborn gender as a predictor of neonatal outcome in mixed gender twins born with very low birth weight. BMC Pediatr. 2019 Sep 11;19(1):328.
11 Papile LA, Burstein J, Burstein R, Koffler H. Incidence and evolution of subependymal and intraventricular hemorrhage: a study of infants with birth weights less than 1,500 gm. J Pediatr. 1978; 92:529-534.
12 International Committee for the Classification of Retinopathy of Prematurity. The International Classification of Retinopathy of Prematurity revisited. Arch Ophthalmol. 2005; 123:991-999.
13 Davidson LM, Berkelhamer SK. Bronchopulmonary dysplasia: Chronic lung disease of infancy and long-term pulmonary outcomes. J Clin Med. 2017; Jan 6;6(1). pii: E4.
14 Iliodromiti S, Mackay DF, Smith GC, Pell JP, Nelson SM. Apgar score and the risk of cause-specific infant mortality: a population-based cohort study. Lancet . 2014; 384:1749-1755.
15 Razaz N, Cnattingius S, Joseph KS. Association between Apgar scores of 7 to 9 and neonatal mortality and morbidity: population based cohort study of term infants in Sweden. BMJ. 2019 May 7;365:l1656.
16 Thorp JA, Rushing RS. Umbilical cord blood gas analysis. Obstet Gynecol Clin North Am. 1999; 26:695-709.
17 Victory R, Penava D, Da Silva O, Natale R, Richardson B. Umbilical cord pH and base excess values in relation to neonatal morbidity for infants delivered preterm. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2003; 189:803-807.
18 Victory R, Penava D, Da Silva O, Natale R, Richardson B. Umbilical cord pH and base excess values in relation to adverse outcome events for infants delivering at term. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2004; 191:2021-2028.
19 van den Berg P P, Nelen W L, Jongsma H W. et al. Neonatal complications in newborns with an umbilical artery pH <7.00. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 1996;175(5):1152-7.
20 Goodwin T M, Belai I, Hernandez P. et al. Asphyxial complications in the term newborn with severe umbilical acidemia. Am J Obstet Gynecol.1998;178(1Pt1):13-9.
21 Low J A, Lindsay B G, Derrick E J. Threshold of metabolic acidosis associated with newborn complications. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 1997 Dec;177(6):1391-4.
22 Svirko, Mellanby J, Impey L. The association between cord pH at birth and intellectual function in childhood. Early Hum Dev 2008;84(1):37-41.
23 Winkler C L, Hauth J C, Tucker J M. et al. Neonatal complications at term as related to the degree of umbilical artery acidemia. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 1991;164(2):637-41.
24 King T A, Jackson G L, Josey A S. et al. The effect of profound umbilical artery acidemia in term neonates admitted to a newborn nursery. J Pediatr.1998;132(4):624-9.
25 Nagel H T, Vandenbussche F P, Oepkes D. et al. Follow‐up of children born with an umbilical arterial blood pH <7. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 1995;173(6):1758-64.
26 Fee S C, Malee K, Deddish R. et al. Severe acidosis and subsequent neurologic status. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 1990 ;162(3):802-6.
27 Lavrijsen S W, Uiterwaal C S, Stigter R H. et al. Severe umbilical cord acidemia and neurological outcome in preterm and full‐term neonates. Biol Neonate. 2005;88(1):27-34.
28 Bader D, Kugelman A, Boyko V, et al. Risk factors and estimation tool for death among extremely premature infants: a national study. Pediatrics. 2010; 125:696-703.
29 Tyson JE, Parikh NA, Langer J, Green C, Higgins RD. National Institute of Child Health and Human Development Neonatal Research Network. Intensive care for extreme prematurity: moving beyond gestational age. N Engl J Med. 2008; 358:1672–1681.
30 Carlo WA, McDonald SA, Fanaroff AA, et al. Association of antenatal corticosteroids with mortality and neurodevelopmental outcomes among infants born at 22 to 25 weeks' gestation. JAMA. 2011; 306:2348-2358.
31 Ancel PY, Goffinet F; EPIPAGE-2 Writing Group, Kuhn P, Langer B, Matis J et al. Survival and morbidity of preterm children born at 22 through 34 weeks' gestation in France in 2011: results of the EPIPAGE-2 cohort study. JAMA Pediatr. 2015; 169:230-238.
32 Zysman-Colman Z., Tremblay GM, Bandeali S, Landry JS. Bronchopulmonary dysplasia–trends over three decades. Pediatr Child Health. (2013) 18:86–90.
33 Latini G, De Felice C, Giannuzzi R, Del Vecchio A. Survival rate and prevalence of bronchopulmonary dysplasia in extremely low birth weight infants. Early Hum Dev. 2013; 89:S69–S73.