Obstructive sleep apnea, daytime sleepiness, body mass index, and adherence to regular exercise among the study group:
Out of 110 patients with diabetes mellitus and ninety-six control subjects matched for age, sex, and level of exercise, patients with diabetes had a higher body mass index compared to their counterparts, a high statistical difference was found between patients with diabetes and control subjects regarding OSA (88.5% vs. 56.5%, P=0.000, no statistical difference was evident regarding the daytime sleepiness, P=0109). Table 1.
Epworth sleepiness score, STOP-BANG score, and coffee intake among the study group:
Table 2. showed a comparison between patients with diabetes and controls in which: OSA, and daytime sleepiness were higher among patients with diabetes compared to controls (4.34±1.61 vs. 2.86±1.24, and 31±4.40 vs. 6.39±3.70 respectively, P=021, and 0.000 respectively), while coffee consumption was not (4.64±3.95 vs. 3.45±3.06, P=>0.100).
The correlation of coffee intake with different characters among patients with diabetes:
In the present survey, interestingly coffee intake was found to be negatively correlated with diabetes duration (Wald=3.85, and P=0.50), no significant statistical correlations were reported regarding glycemic control (Wald=0.002, P=0962), and obstructive sleep apnea (Wald=0.077, P=0.781). Table 3. Illustrated the correlation of coffee consumption and different parameters among patients with diabetes.
*Table 1. General characters of the study group
Character
|
DM
|
Control
|
P-value
|
95% CI
|
Age (mean± SD
|
51.18±10.79
|
49.32±5.51
|
0.272
|
|
Sex
Males
Females
|
50 (47.2%)
56 (52.8%)
|
54 (62.7%)
38 (37.3)
|
0.252
|
0.283-1.39
|
Level of exercise
|
34 (31.5%)
|
30 (32.6%)
|
0.649
|
|
Obesity
|
52 (50%)
|
22 (23.9%)
|
0.008
|
|
OSA (STOP-BANG)
|
92 (88.5%)
|
52 (56.5%)
|
<0.001
|
2.10-16.54
|
Daytime sleepiness
|
38 (36.5%
|
20 (21.7%)
|
0.109
|
0.19-1.18
|
*Independent Samples t-test and Chi-square test
- *Table 2. A comparison between patients with diabetes and control subjects regarding Epworth sleepiness score, Stop-Bang score, and coffee intake
Character (mean± SD)
|
Diabetes
|
Control
|
P-value
|
Daytime sleepiness
|
8.31±4.40
|
6.39±3.70
|
0.021
|
STOP-BANG score
|
4.34±1.61
|
2.86±1.24
|
<0.001
|
Coffee intake
|
4.64±3.95
|
3.45±3.06
|
0.100
|
*Independent Samples t-test
Table 3.The relationship of coffee intake to Epworth sleepiness score, Stop-Bang score, sex, HbA1c, and the duration since diabetes diagnosis
Character
|
B
|
SE.
|
Wald
|
df
|
Sig.
|
Exp. (B)
|
95% CI for Exp.
|
Daytime sleepiness
STOP-BANG score
Sex
HbA1c
Diabetes duration
Constant
|
-.114
-.298
.019
.009
-.092
.938
|
.716
1.071
.759
.198
.047
2.192
|
.025
.077
.001
.002
3.856
.183
|
1
1
1
1
1
1
|
.874
.781
.980
.962
.050
.669
|
.893
.743
1.020
1.009
.912
2.555
|
.220-3.630
.091-6.061
.231-4.509
.684-1.489
.832-1.000
|
- *Logistic regression analysis