Extreme Weather Events
|
First Author (Year)
(citation)
|
Emergency (Year)
|
Types of Challenges
|
Types of strategies
|
Provider groups
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Organizational Setting
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Type of article
|
Types of evaluations
|
Albahari (2017)
(21)
|
Sudan Floods (2013)
|
unmet health and social needs
|
Increase numbers: Volunteer aid including healthcare and dental care
Increase support: training and psychological support for volunteers
|
Volunteers
|
Community health services, other
|
Analytical - Qualitative Case Study
|
Quality of response measured against a framework (Sphere Handbook)
|
Broz (2009)
(22)
|
Hurricane Katrina (2005)
|
unmet health and social needs
|
Increase numbers: cross-sector staff deployments, auxiliary health clinic
|
Physicians, nurses, public health workers, students
|
Community health services, primary health care
|
Analytical - mixed methods case study
|
Lessons learned
|
Buajaroen (2013)
(23)
|
Thailand flooding (2011)
|
damaged/reduced/ insufficient facilities, unmet health and social needs
|
Increase numbers: solidarity staffing (eg deployments to/from other jurisdictions), cross-sector staff deployments
|
Physicians, nurses, students, volunteers
|
Community Health Services, Critical Care, Emergency Medical Services, Hospitals, Primary health Care, Public health
|
Analytical - Qualitative Case Study
|
Data about workforce; data about services; data about cost
|
Comeau (2014)
(24)
|
Hurricane Ike (2008)
|
damaged/reduced/ insufficient facilities
|
Increase flexibility: rapid upskilling/reskilling existing and available workers (eg. laid off), longer term upskilling/reskilling other workers, alternative deployments for health workers whose normal duties are temporarily suspended, new roles, expanded roles
|
Physicians, nurse specialists
|
Critical care, hospitals
|
Observational - Descriptive
|
Data on patients/ procedures (outcomes), enablers
|
Connelly (2006)
(25)
|
Hurricane Katrina (2005)
|
damaged/reduced/ insufficient facilities, mass casualty/patient surge, unmet health and social needs
|
Increase numbers: solidarity staffing (eg deployments to/from other jurisdictions)
Increase support: Enabling communication with home, immunization services for volunteer medical providers
|
Physicians, nurses, paramedics
|
Critical Care, Emergency Medical Services, Hospitals
|
Observational - Descriptive
|
Lessons learned
|
Currier (2006)
(26); Bailey (2008)
(27)
|
Hurricane Katrina (2005)
|
unmet health and social needs
|
Increase numbers: solidarity staffing (eg deployments to/from other jurisdictions), cross-sector staff deployments, interjurisdictional mobility, medical volunteerism
Increase support: Provision of child care services for front-line workers, gasoline
|
Physicians, nurses, dental workers, mental health workers, midwives, pharmacists
|
Primary Health Care, Other
|
Analytical - Multiple method case review
|
Data about patients/ procedures, Lessons learned
|
D'Amore (2005)
(28)
|
Tropical Storm Allison (2001)
|
damaged/reduced/ insufficient facilities, mass casualty/patient surge, unmet health and social needs
|
Increase numbers: solidarity staffing (eg deployments to/from other jurisdictions), emergency relief field hospital
Increase support: Mental health services, Housing for front-line workers
|
Physicians, nurses, medical imaging workers, medical laboratory workers, mental health workers, military health workers, pharmacists, public health workers
|
Critical Care, Diagnostic Services, Emergency Medical Services, Hospitals, Public Health, Other
|
Observational - Descriptive
|
Data about patients/ procedures, Challenges (Problems), Lessons learned
|
Deal (2006)
(29)
|
Hurricane Rita (2005)
|
unmet health and social needs
|
Increase numbers: cross-sector staff deployments
Increase flexibility: task shifting/delegation
|
Nurses, community health workers, personal support workers, students, volunteers
|
Long-Term Care, Other
|
Observational - Descriptive
|
Challenges/ Enablers (Opportuni-ties), lessons learned
|
Edwards (2007)
(30)
|
Hurricane Katrina (2005)
|
unmet health and social needs
|
Increase numbers: cross-sector staff deployments, Staffing a triage center
Increase flexibility: cross-sector deployment
|
Physicians, nurses, mental health providers, pharmacists, students, volunteers
|
Community Health Services, Diagnostic Services, Emergency Medical Services , Mental Health Services, Primary Health Care, Public Health
|
Observational - Descriptive
|
Data about patients/ procedures, data about workforce, Lessons learned
|
Grover (2020)
(31)
|
Hurricane Florence
|
unmet health and social needs
|
Increase flexibility: telehealth/virtual care, task shifting/delegation, expanded roles
|
Physicians, nurses, paramedics
|
Community Health Services, Other
|
Analytical - Quantitative
|
Data about patients/ procedures; effectiveness of approach
|
Klein (2007)
(32)
|
Hurricane Katrina (2005)
|
damaged/reduced/insufficient facilities, mass casualty/patient surge, unmet health and social needs
|
Increase numbers: solidarity staffing (eg deployments to/from other jurisdictions), Emergency medical relief, field hospital
|
Physicians, nurses, paramedics, pharmacy workers
|
Critical Care, Diagnostic Services, Emergency Medical Services, Hospitals, Primary Health Care, Public Health
|
Observational - Descriptive
|
Data about workforce, challenges (problems)
|
Lawlor (2014)
(33)
|
Tropical Cyclone Yasi (2011)
|
mass casualty/patient surge
|
Increase flexibility: alternative deployments for health workers whose normal duties are temporarily suspended
Increase support: Provision of child care services for front-line workers
|
Nurses, volunteers
|
Hospitals
|
Analytical - Survey
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Data about services, perceptions of services
|
Parak (2019)
(34)
|
Hurricane Maria (2017)
|
damaged/reduced/insufficient facilities, mass casualty/patient surge, unmet health and social needs
|
Increase flexibility: alternative deployments for health workers whose normal duties are temporarily suspended, task shifting/delegation, new roles, cross-sector deployment, expanded roles
|
Physicians, nurses
|
Emergency Medical Services, Hospitals
|
Observational - Descriptive
|
Data on patients/ procedures, (enablers) what went well
|
Read (2016)
(35)
|
Typhoon Haiyan (2013)
|
damaged/reduced/ insufficient facilities, mass casualty/patient surge, unmet health and social needs
|
Increase numbers: solidarity staffing (eg deployments to/from other jurisdictions), international emergency medical relief, field hospital;
|
Physicians, nurses, paramedics
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Critical Care, Diagnostic Services, Emergency Medical Services, Hospitals
|
Analytical - Prospective Case Study
|
Data about patients/ procedures,
|
Taylor (2007)
(36)
|
Hurricane Wilma (2005)
|
mass casualty/patient surge, unmet health and social needs
|
Increase numbers: Mobile medical vans
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Physicians, nurses, pharmacists, public health workers, social workers
|
Community Health Services, Mental Health Services, Primary Health Care, Other
|
Observational - Descriptive
|
data about patients/ procedures
|
Waisman (2003)
(37)
|
Hurricane Mitch (1998)
|
mass casualty/patient surge, unmet health and social needs, reduced workforce
|
Increase numbers: solidarity staffing (eg deployments to/from other jurisdictions), international emergency relief
|
Physicians
|
Emergency Medical Services , Hospitals, Primary Health Care
|
Observational - Descriptive
|
Data about patients/ procedures, enablers/ challenges
|
Weeks (2007)
(38)
|
Hurricane Katrina (2005)
|
unmet health and social needs
|
Increase numbers: cross-sector staff deployments, shelter volunteering
Increase support: Mental health services
|
Nurses, mental health providers, social workers, students
|
Emergency Medical Services, Mental Health Services, Primary Health Care
|
Observational - Descriptive
|
Lessons learned
|
Wyte- Lake (2018)
(39)
|
Superstorm Sandy (2012)
|
excess staff within unit
|
Increase numbers: cross-sector staff deployments
Increase flexibility: alternative deployments for health workers whose normal duties are temporarily suspended, cross-sector deployment Increase support: Housing for front-line workers, Home support for front-line workers, Transportation for redeployed workers
|
All hospital workers
|
Critical Care, Diagnostic Services, Emergency Medical Services, Hospitals, Mental Health Services
|
Analytical - Qualitative Case Study
|
Lessons learned
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