Variable
|
No Postoperative pulmonary edema with hypoxemia (n = 1499)
|
Postoperative pulmonary edema with hypoxemia (n = 161)
|
P
|
Demographics
|
|
|
|
|
Old Age, No. (%)
|
384 (25.6)
|
63 (39.1)
|
<0.001
|
|
Men, No. (%)
|
730 (48.7)
|
88 (54.7)
|
0.15
|
|
Obesity, No. (%)
|
46 (3.1)
|
6 (3.7)
|
0.65
|
Preoperative Clinical features
|
|
|
|
|
Emergency, No. (%)
|
516 (34.4)
|
89 (55.3)
|
<0.001
|
|
American Society of Anesthesiologists physical status > 2, No. (%)
|
698 (46.6)
|
117 (72.7)
|
<0.001
|
|
Tobacco use, No. (%)
|
332 (22.1)
|
36 (22.4)
|
0.95
|
|
Brain trauma, No. (%)
|
183 (12.2)
|
24 (14.9)
|
0.33
|
|
Multiple fracture, No. (%)
|
106 (7.1)
|
19 (11.8)
|
0.03
|
|
Hyponatremia, No. (%)
|
195 (13.0)
|
21 (13.0)
|
0.99
|
|
Hypoalbuminemia, No. (%)
|
443 (29.6)
|
69 (42.9)
|
0.001
|
|
Glomerular filtration rate, median (interquartile range), mL/min/1.73m2
|
94.1 (72.8-122.9)
|
83.7 (65.4-108.6)
|
<0.001
|
Intraoperative Clinical features
|
|
|
|
|
General anesthesia, No. (%)
|
1445 (96.4)
|
160 (99.4)
|
0.05
|
|
Anesthesia time, median (interquartile range), hour
|
5.0 (3.5-6.9)
|
4.7 (2.8-7.2)
|
0.58
|
|
Acute abdomen surgery, No. (%)
|
97 (6.5)
|
26 (16.1)
|
<0.001
|
|
Aorta surgery, No. (%)
|
12 (0.8)
|
5 (3.1)
|
0.01
|
|
Brain surgery, No. (%)
|
319 (21.3)
|
35 (21.7)
|
0.89
|
|
Spine surgery, No. (%)
|
235 (15.7)
|
25 (15.5)
|
0.96
|
|
Thoracic surgery, No. (%)
|
41 (2.7)
|
6 (3.7)
|
0.47
|
|
Massive transfusion, No. (%)
|
35 (2.3)
|
25 (15.5)
|
<0.001
|
|
Urine output ≤ 0.5ml/kg/hour, No. (%)
|
154 (10.3)
|
21 (13.0)
|
0.28
|
|
Continuous inotropes use, No. (%)
|
279 (18.6)
|
62 (38.5)
|
<0.001
|
|
Red blood cells, median (interquartile range), %
|
23.7 (11.8-37.2)
|
34.6 (21.1-61.0)
|
<0.001
|
|
Red blood cells /hour, median (interquartile range), %/hour
|
4.6 (1.9-8.0)
|
6.9 (3.8-16.7)
|
<0.001
|
|
FFP, median (interquartile range), %
|
0.0 (0.0-10.1)
|
9.7 (0.0-18.6)
|
<0.001
|
|
FFP/hour, median (interquartile range), %/hour
|
0.0 (0.0-2.1)
|
1.9 (0.0-5.4)
|
<0.001
|
|
Total fluid, median (interquartile range), %
|
113.6 (87.8-146.9)
|
126.9 (91.9-178.0)
|
0.02
|
|
Total fluid/hour, median (interquartile range), %
|
22.8 (17.3-31.6)
|
26.5 (18.0-40.1)
|
0.02
|
|
Estimated blood loss, median (interquartile range), %
|
54.3 (45.5-72.6)
|
66.7 (51.0-104.2)
|
<0.001
|
Postoperative clinical features
|
|
|
|
|
Patient controlled analgesia, No. (%)
|
979 (65.3)
|
83 (51.6)
|
0.001
|
Time-varying postoperative clinical features
|
Period 1
(No Postoperative pulmonary edema with hypoxemia, n = 1275; Postoperative pulmonary edema with hypoxemia, n = 72)
|
Start time, median (interquartile range), hour
|
0.0 (0.0, 0.0)
|
0.0 (0.0, 0.0)
|
>0.999
|
End time, median (interquartile range), hour
|
9.9 (3.3, 15.3)
|
1.3 (0.8, 7.1)
|
<0.001
|
Total Fluid, median (interquartile range), %
|
27.1 (5.4, 54.5)
|
0.9 (0.0, 22.4)
|
<0.001
|
Total Fluid/hour, median (interquartile range), %/hour
|
2.7 (1.1, 4.5)
|
0.3 (0.0, 2.8)
|
<0.001
|
Red blood cells, median (interquartile range), %
|
0.0 (0.0, 0.0)
|
0.0 (0.0, 7.1)
|
0.001
|
FFP, median (interquartile range), %
|
0.0 (0.0, 0.0)
|
0.0 (0.0, 5.3)
|
0.004
|
Red blood cells/hour, median (interquartile range), %/hour
|
0.0 (0.0, 0.0)
|
0.0 (0.0, 1.7)
|
<0.001
|
FFP/hour, median (interquartile range), %/hour
|
0.0 (0.0, 0.0)
|
0.0 (0.0, 0.6)
|
0.002
|
Increasing creatinine, No. (%)
|
99 (7.8)
|
11 (15.3)
|
0.02
|
Period 2
(No Postoperative pulmonary edema with hypoxemia, n = 148; Postoperative pulmonary edema with hypoxemia, n = 42)
|
Start time, median (interquartile range), hour
|
0.0 (0.0, 0.0)
|
0.0 (0.0, 0.0)
|
>0.999
|
End time, median (interquartile range), hour
|
37.2 (31.3, 41.6)
|
35.3 (30.0, 39.6)
|
0.12
|
Total Fluid, median (interquartile range), %
|
102.3 (70.7, 150.7)
|
102.9 (54.0, 145.5)
|
0.76
|
Total Fluid/hour, median (interquartile range), %/hour
|
2.9 (1.9, 4.1)
|
2.8 (1.6, 4.4)
|
0.93
|
Red blood cells, median (interquartile range), %
|
0.0 (0.0, 7.4)
|
0.0 (0.0, 21.2)
|
0.05
|
FFP, median (interquartile range), %
|
0.0 (0.0, 0.0)
|
7.9 (0.0, 21.6)
|
<0.001
|
Red blood cells/hour, median (interquartile range), %/hour
|
0.0 (0.0, 0.2)
|
0.0 (0.0, 0.6)
|
0.04
|
FFP/hour, median (interquartile range), %/hour
|
0.0 (0.0, 0.0)
|
0.3 (0.0, 0.6)
|
<0.001
|
Increasing creatinine, No. (%)
|
17 (11.5)
|
19 (45.2)
|
<0.001
|
Period 3
(No Postoperative pulmonary edema with hypoxemia, n = 86; Postoperative pulmonary edema with hypoxemia n = 21)
|
Start time, median (interquartile range), hour
|
0.0 (0.0, 0.0)
|
0.0 (0.0, 0.0)
|
>0.999
|
End time, median (interquartile range), hour
|
59.1 (55.3, 64.8)
|
57.2 (54.5, 61.2)
|
0.20
|
Total Fluid, median (interquartile range), %
|
132.7 (75.9, 222.2)
|
198.8 (118.1, 279.2)
|
0.05
|
Total Fluid/h, median (interquartile range), %/hour
|
4.3 (0.0, 21.7)
|
38.5 (10.0, 82.3)
|
0.04
|
Red blood cells, median (interquartile range), %
|
2.2 (1.3, 3.8)
|
3.4 (2.1, 5.0)
|
0.01
|
FFP, median (interquartile range), %
|
0.1 (0.0, 0.3)
|
0.6 (0.2, 1.4)
|
0.01
|
Red blood cells/hour, median (interquartile range), %/hour
|
0.0 (0.0, 14.0)
|
11.0 (0.0, 44.0)
|
0.01
|
FFP/hour, median (interquartile range), %/hour
|
0.0 (0.0, 8.5)
|
8.3 (0.0, 40.0)
|
0.01
|
Increasing creatinine, No. (%)
|
9 (10.5)
|
7 (33.3)
|
0.01
|
Period 4
(No Postoperative pulmonary edema with hypoxemia, n = 583; Postoperative pulmonary edema with hypoxemia, n = 0)
|
Start time, median (interquartile range), hour
|
11.4 (5.6, 16.0)
|
|
|
End time, median (interquartile range), hour
|
36.9 (31.9, 40.8)
|
|
|
Total Fluid, median (interquartile range), %
|
116.0 (78.3, 178.2)
|
|
|
Total Fluid/hour, median (interquartile range), %/hour
|
0.0 (0.0, 20.7)
|
|
|
Red blood cells, median (interquartile range), %
|
4.6 (3.0, 7.4)
|
|
|
FFP, median (interquartile range), %
|
0.0 (0.0, 0.8)
|
|
|
Red blood cells/hour, median (interquartile range), %/hour
|
0.0 (0.0, 10.2)
|
|
|
FFP/hour, median (interquartile range), %/hour
|
0.0 (0.0, 7.9)
|
|
|
Increasing creatinine, No. (%)
|
71 (12.2)
|
|
|
Period 5
(No Postoperative pulmonary edema with hypoxemia, n = 148; Postoperative pulmonary edema with hypoxemia, n= 12)
|
Start time, median (interquartile range), hour
|
10.5 (5.5, 15.5)
|
9.4 (7.1, 16.9)
|
0.66
|
End time, median (interquartile range), hour
|
60.0 (55.6, 64.3)
|
59.5 (55.1, 63.2)
|
0.77
|
Total Fluid, median (interquartile range), %
|
137.2 (79.0, 211.5)
|
227.4 (186.0, 284.8)
|
0.003
|
Total Fluid/hour, median (interquartile range), %/hour
|
0.0 (0.0, 16.9)
|
22.3 (0.0, 41.4)
|
0.003
|
Red blood cells, median (interquartile range), %
|
2.8 (1.7, 4.4)
|
5.0 (3.5, 5.9)
|
0.39
|
FFP, median (interquartile range), %
|
0.0 (0.0, 0.4)
|
0.5 (0.0, 0.9)
|
0.03
|
Red blood cells/hour, median (interquartile range), %/hour
|
0.0 (0.0, 13.9)
|
5.9 (0.0, 14.0)
|
0.32
|
FFP/hour, median (interquartile range), %/hour
|
0.0 (0.0, 5.2)
|
6.8 (0.0, 24.2)
|
0.03
|
Increasing creatinine, No. (%)
|
14 (9.5)
|
5 (41.7)
|
0.001
|
Period 6
(No Postoperative pulmonary edema with hypoxemia, n = 384; Postoperative pulmonary edema with hypoxemia, n = 14)
|
Start time, median (interquartile range), hour
|
37.3 (32.2, 41.3)
|
36.6 (32.9, 38.6)
|
0.63
|
End time, median (interquartile range), hour
|
60.9 (55.6, 65.6)
|
60.1 (57.3, 63.2)
|
0.61
|
Total Fluid, median (interquartile range), %
|
204.7 (125.8, 297.4)
|
172.5 (135.9, 218.7)
|
0.58
|
Total Fluid/hour, median (interquartile range), %/hour
|
7.5 (0.0, 29.0)
|
30.1 (15.6, 68.9)
|
0.56
|
Red blood cells, median (interquartile range), %
|
8.6 (5.3, 12.8)
|
7.1 (5.5, 9.0)
|
>0.999
|
FFP, median (interquartile range), %
|
0.3 (0.0, 1.3)
|
1.4 (0.5, 2.8)
|
0.27
|
Red blood cells/hour, median (interquartile range), %/hour
|
0.0 (0.0, 14.0)
|
18.4 (14.7, 37.0)
|
>0.999
|
FFP/hour, median (interquartile range), %/hour
|
0.0 (0.0, 13.3)
|
2.6 (0.0, 22.9)
|
0.30
|
Increasing creatinine, No. (%)
|
47 (12.2)
|
4 (28.6)
|
0.07
|
|
|
|
|
|
|