1. Venegas C, Heneka MT: Inflammasome-mediated innate immunity in Alzheimer's disease. Faseb j. 2019; 33:13075-13084.
2. Loera-Valencia R, Cedazo-Minguez A, Kenigsberg PA, Page G, Duarte AI, Giusti P, Zusso M, Robert P, Frisoni GB, Cattaneo A, et al: Current and emerging avenues for Alzheimer's disease drug targets. J Intern Med. 2019; 286:398-437.
3. Long JM, Holtzman DM: Alzheimer Disease: An Update on Pathobiology and Treatment Strategies. Cell. 2019; 179:312-339.
4. Colonna M, Butovsky O: Microglia Function in the Central Nervous System During Health and Neurodegeneration. Annu Rev Immunol. 2017; 35:441-468.
5. Ozben T, Ozben S: Neuro-inflammation and anti-inflammatory treatment options for Alzheimer's disease. Clin Biochem. 2019; 72:87-89.
6. Monty L, Dafydd GL, Xunming J, Marcela PV, Daqing M: Neuroinflammation: The role and consequences. Neuroscience Research. 2014; 79:1-12.
7. Hammond TR, Marsh SE, Stevens B: Immune Signaling in Neurodegeneration. Immunity. 2019; 50:955-974.
8. Abner. EMWTLSEL, Mendenhall. GJPMD, Greenstein. HMBKBA, Wilcock. DM: Transition from an M1 to a mixed neuroinflammatory phenotype increases amyloid deposition in APP/PS1 transgenic mice. Journal of Neuroinflammation. 2014; 11:127.
9. Nicole M, Xu G, Kokiko-Cochran ON, Jiang S, Astrid C, Ransohoff RM, Lamb BT, Kiran B: Reactive microglia drive tau pathology and contribute to the spreading of pathological tau in the brain. Brain A Journal of Neurology. 2015; 138:1738-1755.
10. Dheen ST, Kaur C, Ling EA: Microglial activation and its implications in the brain diseases. Curr Med Chem. 2007; 14:1189-1197.
11. Garden GA, Möller T: Microglia biology in health and disease. Journal of neuroimmune pharmacology. 2006; 1:127-137.
12. Chen L, Jin Z, Xiaopeng S, Shan M, Linlin B, Song Z, Qian Y, Xuanxuan Z, Meng Z, Yanhua X: Neuroprotective Effects of Tetramethylpyrazine against Dopaminergic Neuron Injury in a Rat Model of Parkinson's Disease Induced by MPTP. International Journal of Biological Sciences. 2014; 10:350-357.
13. Zhao H, Xu M-L, Zhang Q, Guo Z-H, Peng Y, Qu Z-Y, Li Y-N: Tetramethylpyrazine Alleviated Cytokine Synthesis and Dopamine Deficit and Improved Motor Dysfunction in the Mice Model of Parkinson's Disease. Neurological Sciences 2014; 35:1963-1967.
14. Zhang G, Wu J, Huang C, Cheng J, Su Z, Zhu Z, Yang X, Guo B, Wu L, Zhang Z, et al: The Tetramethylpyrazine Analogue T-006 Alleviates Cognitive Deficits by Inhibition of Tau Expression and Phosphorylation in Transgenic Mice Modeling Alzheimer's Disease. Journal of Molecular Neuroscience. 2021; 71:1456-1466.
15. Zhong J, Qiu X, Yu Q, Chen HY, Yan CY: A novel polysaccharide from Acorus tatarinowii protects against LPS-induced neuroinflammation and neurotoxicity by inhibiting TLR4-mediated MyD88/NF-κB and PI3K/Akt signaling pathways. Int J Biol Macromol. 2020; 163:464-475.
16. Xia C, Iyc B, Tsc C, You H, Chan Y, Cfw A, Khk E, Wkk B: Pretreatment with interferon-γ protects microglia from oxidative stress via up-regulation of Mn-SOD - ScienceDirect. Free Radical Biology and Medicine. 2009; 46:1204-1210.
17. Zhou Y, Chen Y, Xu C, Zhang H, Lin C: TLR4 Targeting as a Promising Therapeutic Strategy for Alzheimer Disease Treatment. Frontiers in Neuroscience. 2020; 14:602508.
18. Xu D, Chen H, Mak S, Hu S, Tsim K, Hu Y, Sun Y, Zhang G, Wang Y, Zhang Z: Neuroprotection against glutamate-induced excitotoxicity and induction of neurite outgrowth by T-006, a novel multifunctional derivative of tetramethylpyrazine in neuronal cell models. Neurochemistry International. 2016; 99:194-205.
19. Heneka MT, Carson MJ, El Khoury J, Landreth GE, Brosseron F, Feinstein DL, Jacobs AH, Wyss-Coray T, Vitorica J, Ransohoff RM, et al: Neuroinflammation in Alzheimer's disease. Lancet Neurol. 2015; 14:388-405.
20. Wang XX, Wang CM, Wang JM, Zhao SQ, Zhang K: Pseudoginsenoside-F11 (PF11) exerts anti-neuroinflammatory effects on LPS-activated microglial cells by inhibiting TLR4-mediated TAK1/IKK/NF-κB, MAPK and Akt signaling pathways. Neuropharmacology. 2014; 79:642-656.
21. Muhammad T, Ikram M, Ullah R, Rehman S, Kim M: Hesperetin, a Citrus Flavonoid, Attenuates LPS-Induced Neuroinflammation, Apoptosis and Memory Impairments by Modulating TLR4/NF-κB Signaling. Nutrients. 2019; 11:648.
22. Yang YL, Liu M, Cheng X, Li WH, Zhang SS, Wang YH, Du GH: Myricitrin blocks activation of NF-κB and MAPK signaling pathways to protect nigrostriatum neuron in LPS-stimulated mice. J Neuroimmunol. 2019; 337:577049.
23. Zhao M, Zhou A, Xu L, Zhang X: The role of TLR4-mediated PTEN/PI3K/AKT/NF-κB signaling pathway in neuroinflammation in hippocampal neurons. Neuroscience. 2014; 269:93-101.
24. M Z, V L, D F, A P, R L, S S, AC F, P G, S M: Ciprofloxacin and levofloxacin attenuate microglia inflammatory response via TLR4/NF-kB pathway. J Neuroinflamm. 2019; 16:148.
25. Li CW, Chen TK, Zhou HF, Yu F, Hoi MPM, Dan M, Chao Z, Ying Z, Lee SMY: BHDPC Is a Novel Neuroprotectant That Provides Anti-neuroinflammatory and Neuroprotective Effects by Inactivating NF-κB and Activating PKA/CREB. Front Pharmacol. 2018; 9:1-15.
26. Lu YC, Yeh WC, Ohashi PS: LPS/TLR4 signal transduction pathway. Cytokine. 2008; 42:145-151.
27. West AP: Mitochondrial dysfunction as a trigger of innate immune responses and inflammation. Toxicology. 2017; 391:54-63.
28. Whitney NP, Eidem TM, Peng H, Huang Y, Zheng JC: Inflammation mediates varying effects in neurogenesis: relevance to the pathogenesis of brain injury and neurodegenerative disorders. J Neurochem. 2009; 108:1343-1359.
29. Mawuenyega KG, Sigurdson W, Ovod V, Munsell L, Kasten T, Morris JC, Yarasheski KE, Bateman RJ: Decreased Clearance of CNS β-Amyloid in Alzheimer's Disease. Science. 2010; 330:1774.
30. Zhang YW, Thompson R, Zhang H, Xu H: APP processing in Alzheimer's disease. Mol Brain. 2011; 4:3.
31. Walker KA, Ficek BN, Westbrook R: Understanding the Role of Systemic Inflammation in Alzheimer's Disease. ACS Chemical Neuroscience. 2019; 10:3340-3342.
32. Fu A, Hung KW, Yuen M, Zhou X, Mak D, Chan I, Cheung TH, Zhang B, Fu WY, Liew FY: IL-33 ameliorates Alzheimer's disease-like pathology and cognitive decline. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2016; 113:201604032.
33. Jin X, Liu MY, Zhang DF, Zhong X, Du K, Qian P, Yao WF, Gao H, Wei MJ: Baicalin mitigates cognitive impairment and protects neurons from microglia-mediated neuroinflammation via suppressing NLRP3 inflammasomes and TLR4/NF-κB signaling pathway. CNS Neuroscience & Therapeutics. 2019; 25:575-590.
34. Peri F, Calabrese V: Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) modulation by synthetic and natural compounds: an update. J Med Chem. 2014; 57:3612-3622.
35. Fu-Yi, Liu, Jing, Cai, Chun, Wang, Wu, Ruan, Guo-Ping, Guan: Fluoxetine attenuates neuroinflammation in early brain injury after subarachnoid hemorrhage: a possible role for the regulation of TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB signaling pathway. Journal of Neuroinflammation. 2018; 15:347.
36. Christophe M, Nicolas S: Mitochondria: a target for neuroprotective interventions in cerebral ischemia-reperfusion. Curr Pharm Des. 2006; 12:739-757.