The coronavirus (Covid-19) pandemic was already considered a global pandemic and gradually increased and affecting many countries in the world (Singal 2020; Asyary and Veruswati 2020). It was first determined in Wuhan, Hubei area, China in December 2019 (Gorbalenya et al. 2020; Wu et al. 2020). Bu the pandemic was spreading worldwide and increased the public health-related problem and increased health emergency (Chen et al. 2020, Xu et al 2020). Afterward, this pandemic is grabbed the world community health and challenge the health facility worldwide. Numerous countries are tried to build the vaccine to handle this deadly virus and after that many vaccines were present in the time of the second wave of coronavirus in India but the spreading of coronavirus cases is increased on daily basis. The world has to face a huge amount of public health-related challenges and can’t stop this pandemic anymore (Arora et al. 2020; Ghosh and Sarkar 2020, Halder et al. 2021a). Health experts are building some strategies to protect public health in this situation. Many industries were locked during the country lockdown phase (Mahato et al. 2020; Patel et al.2020). The daily labour and small-scale industries are most affected during the lockdown and its cause’s food scarcity in an area (https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/topic/coronavirus-impact-on-indian-industries). Indian migrant workers have strained the global attention, with thousands of worker forced to walk miles to reach their home (https://scroll.in/article/961926/lakhs-of-homeless-indians-are-getting-no-lockdown-relief-this-is-how-it-can-be-fixed). Most of the predictable over four million homeless people in India have had no way of creating a living since the lockdown initiated on March 25 (Bera et al. 2020). With roads abandoned, they currently even have no habitation for begging. Many health specialists said the homeless are among the most at risk from the virus or pandemic as many previously suffer from infections such as tuberculosis, and their morbidity rates are sophisticated than for the common population (Gowda et al. 2020).
Numerous factors were estimated for the cause of coronavirus transmission and infraction (Arif and Sengupta 2020; Chakrabarti et al. 2020a, b; Pramanik et al. 2020). The coronavirus was transmitted through numerous bio-aerosols, direct contract with the affecgd people and large droplets (Li et al. 2005; Qi et al. 2020). The transmission of virus influences the climatic condition due to lockdown (Dalziel et al. 2018; Casanova et al. 2010). During the coronavirus spreading time lockdown was necessary for build a barrier to reduce the public health emergency. Also the lockdown increased the air quality and improve the public health. Many researchers have been prove that during lockdown the air quality was much improved like India (Gautam 2020; Sikarwar and Rani 2020; Srivastava et al. 2020), Iran (Abdul Halim et al 2018), the USA (Berman and Ebisu 2020), China (Fan et al. 2020; Zambrono-monserrate et al. 2020), Wuhan (Cole et al. 2020; Lu et al. 2020; Sicard et al. 2020; Song et al 2016; Wang and Su 2020) and Morocco (Otmani et al. 2020).
In the time of medicine and vaccine is not available, the Covid-19 pandemic was grip the public health-related problem and increased the health emergency (Roy et al. 2020; Rahman et al. 2020). India is a very large population, which was more than 1.3 million, and on the 10th September 2020, India is recorded second maximum pandemic affected country after the USA (Bhadra et al. 2021). The population density and mobility were the main reason for spreading the coronavirus in public and the prediction was the main recent findings for the second wave of coronavirus (Hamidi et al. 2020; Carozzi et al. 2020). Gupta et al. (2020) show that population density and other geographic factors were used to predict the coronavirus conditions. The mortality ratio was increased gradually from the first to last date of the election in India. Basically, the fore states and one UT were more affected due to election time and the death cases were increased ten times more in the initial phase of election time. The first-day death cases were registered 311and the end of the election it was increased by 3501 persons in just 34 days (Halder et al. 2021b). At first, SARS viruses were infested around 8000 people and 774 people have expired in the world during the year 2000 to 2003. In 2012, World Health Organisation (WHO) registered the 2494 people infected and 858 kills by additional coronavirus named MERS-CoV (Middle East Respiratory Syndrome-Coronavirus) and scattering about 27 countries (WHO report, 2003; 2013). Coronaviruses are a group of associated ribonucleic acid (RNA) (Biswas and Majumder 2020) viruses and this disease is produced in mammals and birds (Halder et al. 2021a).
During election time unstoppable election related rally and people gathering was increased to change the spread of coronavirus into the human body. The densely populated country India does not achieved to protect the public for this deadliest virus. During election time, public health related problem was increased the mortality ratio was increased gradually. Hospital bed was limited and government and private hospital were not admitted to the people for mid condition and also the serious condition as well. Vaccination also not distributed properly due to overwhelming population pressure and spread of spreading virus. Government and policy makers were build a sustainable development of coronavirus vaccine distribution but the area and population pressure were reducing the total achievement of distribution of vaccine all over the India. During election time oxygen demand was increased and people was dying due to unavailability of oxygen and proper medical treatment. Only election is the main reason for spreading the coronavirus again in India because of people can nit stop their rally and election related program. Every day people were dying and election related programs were increased gradually. Many people lost their presents and family members but the election related programs cannot stop any more. The GDP was destroyed and the low and middle income families in India lost their jobs and earning source during lockdown but after the second wave of coronavirus increase the lockdown process again and increased the daily food related problem to the lower income families. Limited hospitals and private centres were not arranged proper bed or allocation of each corona effected present and sometimes people were lost their life due to deficiency of oxygen, proper treatment and unavailability of hospitals beds. The common symptoms of COVID-19 in the human body are the common cold, chest pain and many more (Holshus et al. 2020; Perman 2020, Tosepu et al 2020). It was first determined in Wuhan, Hubei area, China in December 2019. Subsequently, this pandemic is grabbed the world public health and challenge the health facility worldwide. Novel coronavirus indicates a “new pathogen of a previous know type” of the virus (https://www.who.int/emergencies/diseases/novel-coronavirus-2019/). The acute disease was first originated in Wuhan, China in December 2019. After that, COVID-19 is spread over the world, also India does not get relief from this. On 30th January Indian reported its first case of COVID-19 or novel coronavirus (Andrews et al. 2020). Restriction in Public transportation, the industrial sector, and human mobility are reducing the emission of pollutants. Researchers have been shows a huge amount of air quality fluctuation during lockdown phases (Nakada and Urban 2020; Mahato et al. 2020; Mondal et al. 2020; Tobías et al. 2020).
Election is the democratic power of each people of every country or union territory but when election was build a health related emergency the public health condition was disrupted. Many country was stop their election related work but in India the state and UT election was increased the public health related emergency and also the GDP has been decreased due to crises. Half of the rural households in India are depend on manual labour for their livelihood. 75 percent of the rural population in India, or 133.5 million families are earn less than Rs.5,000 per month. But it is not only described to be an assessment of poverty approximations, the SECC data (https://secc.gov.in/welcome) discloses that approximately 670 million Indians in rural areas only living on Rs.33 per day (75 percent of rural households is around 134,373,569 households; five members per household gives us a total of 671,867,845 people). This economic problem can’t overcome the COVID-19 pandemic in Indian low income families. The numerous methods to the management of elections during a pandemic increase a numeral of queries around the dangers to democracy in the attendance of an exterior threat of the sympathetic the world has knowledgeable with the spread of coronavirus and join a wide range of questions concerning risk, democracy, and public participation (Webler and Tuler 2018; Landman and Splendore 2020). In this study, the main findings were a risk, mortality ratio, and correlation analysis between active cases, death cases, and recoveries during election time of five states and UTs of India. This time conduct election may have significant impacts on public health-related problems and election reliability. Elections were a backbone feature and ‘basic predicate of democracy (Ginsburg and Huq 2018), which introduced the nominated political leaders for the states and UTs in India (Table 1).
The guideline for election time in India
The Election Commission of India was declared some guidelines at the time of the covid-19 pandemic. To reducing the pandemic and control to spread the pandemic in public areas the Election Commission of India adopted some strategies and declares that all the people maintained the guidelines. The main guidelines were.
1) All people shall wear face masks during each election connected activity like Election rally, Helping hands, during the election, and many other criteria.
2) The entry of election hall, room, or premises used the thermal scanner, hand gloves, sanitizer, and social distancing.
3) Social distancing was the main guideline for maintaining the covid-19 protocol and the guidelines of the State Government and Ministry of Home Affairs declared.
4) The election room, hall, or premises were large in size, and all the polling officers, people, and other administrative officers maintained the social distancing and proper guidelines.
5) The vehicles shall be mobilized for every movement of polling personnel and security personal to manage and maintain the covid-19 guidelines. (https://eci.gov.in/).
The election commission of India, states and UT government and administrators build a proper guild line for fighting with coronavirus during election time in India. But the deathliest virus affected the public health and increased gradually. The daily new cases were recoded highly and death cases also increased. Active and recoveries were simultaneously increased during 27th March to 29th April in India. This study focus were (1) Mortality ratio calculation of different time periods; (2) Statistical data analysis during election time over India; (3) correlation analysis of new cases, death cases, recoveries and active cases. This study is to helpful for the planners, developer and administrator for proper management and planning during coronavirus pandemic situated in India.
Study area
The developing country, India is facing a huge amount of coronavirus cases at the beginning of 30th January 2020. The populated country India bounded by the Indian Ocean in the south, the Arabian Sea in the southwest, and the Bay of Bengal in the southeast parts (Halder et al. 2021a). The enormous populated nation, India has 121 million people situated with 382 per sq.km (https://censusindia.gov.in/). This enormous volume of inhabitants during COVID-19 can’t stop spreading over the country and even the state or UTs (Fig. 1). The Government of India gives some initial to stage for a fight with this deathliest coronavirus pandemic, which is affected the world population and increased the health emergency. In this study, we estimated the mortality rate, correlation analysis, and statistical data analysis during the election time in India. Some states like Assam, Tamilnadu, West Bengal, Kerala, and Puducherry.