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Research article
The Time-dependent Effects of Bipolar Radiofrequency Energy on Bovine Articular Cartilage
Zhenhan Deng
Shenzhen Second People's Hospital
Corresponding Author
ORCiD: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0522-8269
License:
This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License. Read Full License
Purpose: The purpose of this study was to compare the effect of bipolar radiofrequency energy (bRFE) on chondroplasty at the different time durations in an in vitro experiment that simulated an arthroscopic procedure.
Methods: Six fresh bovine knees were used in our study. Six squares were marked on both the medical and lateral femoral condyles of each femur. Each square was respectively treated with bRFE for 0s, 10s, 20s, 30s, 40s and 50s. Full-thickness articular cartilage specimens were harvested from the treatment areas. Each specimen was divided into three distinct parts: one for hematoxylin/eosin staining histology, another for cartilage surface contouring assessment via scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and the last one for glycosaminoglycan (GAG) content measurement.
Results: bRFE caused time-correlated damage to chondrocytes, and GAG content in the cartilage was negatively correlated to exposure time. bRFE caused time-correlated damage to chondrocytes. The GAG content in the cartilage negatively correlated with the exposure time. The sealing effect positively correlated with the exposure time. Additionally, it took at least 20 seconds of radiofrequency exposure to render a smooth cartilage surface and a score of 2 (normal) in the scoring system used.
Conclusion: bRFE usage in chondroplasty could effectively trim and polish the cartilage lesion area; however, it induces a dose-dependent detrimental effect on chondrocytes and metabolic activity that negatively correlated with the treatment time. Therefore, cautions should be taken in the use of bRFE for treatment of articular cartilage injury.
Keywords
Radiofrequency energy, Chondroplasty, Articular cartilage, Chondrocyte, Scanning electron microscope
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CURRENT STATUS: Under Review
Version 1
Posted 08 Jan, 2020
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Review #3 received
Received 01 Mar, 2020
Reviewer #3 agreed
On 12 Feb, 2020
Review #1 received
Received 30 Jan, 2020
Reviewer #2 agreed
On 30 Jan, 2020
Review #2 received
Received 30 Jan, 2020
Reviewers invited
Invitations sent on 28 Jan, 2020
Reviewer #1 agreed
On 28 Jan, 2020
Editor assigned
On 08 Jan, 2020
Editor invited
On 07 Jan, 2020
Submission checks complete
On 07 Jan, 2020
First submitted
On 06 Jan, 2020
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Subject Areas
Orthopedic Surgery
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This preprint is under consideration at Journal of Orthopaedic Surgery and Research. A preprint is a preliminary version of a manuscript that has not completed peer review at a journal. Research Square does not conduct peer review prior to posting preprints. The posting of a preprint on this server should not be interpreted as an endorsement of its validity or suitability for dissemination as established information or for guiding clinical practice.
Learn more about In Review
Research article
The Time-dependent Effects of Bipolar Radiofrequency Energy on Bovine Articular Cartilage
Zhenhan Deng
Shenzhen Second People's Hospital
Corresponding Author
ORCiD: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0522-8269
Badges
Prescreen
This manuscript passed our Prescreen assessment
Complete author information
Appropriate declaration statements
Potential risks to human health
Prescreen
Peer Review Timeline
CURRENT STATUS: Under Review
Version 1
Posted 08 Jan, 2020
No community comments so far
Review #3 received
Received 01 Mar, 2020
Reviewer #3 agreed
On 12 Feb, 2020
Review #1 received
Received 30 Jan, 2020
Reviewer #2 agreed
On 30 Jan, 2020
Review #2 received
Received 30 Jan, 2020
Reviewers invited
Invitations sent on 28 Jan, 2020
Reviewer #1 agreed
On 28 Jan, 2020
Editor assigned
On 08 Jan, 2020
Editor invited
On 07 Jan, 2020
Submission checks complete
On 07 Jan, 2020
First submitted
On 06 Jan, 2020
Metrics
Comments: 0
PDF Downloads: ...
HTML Views: ...
Subject Areas
Orthopedic Surgery
License:
This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License. Read Full License
Purpose: The purpose of this study was to compare the effect of bipolar radiofrequency energy (bRFE) on chondroplasty at the different time durations in an in vitro experiment that simulated an arthroscopic procedure.
Methods: Six fresh bovine knees were used in our study. Six squares were marked on both the medical and lateral femoral condyles of each femur. Each square was respectively treated with bRFE for 0s, 10s, 20s, 30s, 40s and 50s. Full-thickness articular cartilage specimens were harvested from the treatment areas. Each specimen was divided into three distinct parts: one for hematoxylin/eosin staining histology, another for cartilage surface contouring assessment via scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and the last one for glycosaminoglycan (GAG) content measurement.
Results: bRFE caused time-correlated damage to chondrocytes, and GAG content in the cartilage was negatively correlated to exposure time. bRFE caused time-correlated damage to chondrocytes. The GAG content in the cartilage negatively correlated with the exposure time. The sealing effect positively correlated with the exposure time. Additionally, it took at least 20 seconds of radiofrequency exposure to render a smooth cartilage surface and a score of 2 (normal) in the scoring system used.
Conclusion: bRFE usage in chondroplasty could effectively trim and polish the cartilage lesion area; however, it induces a dose-dependent detrimental effect on chondrocytes and metabolic activity that negatively correlated with the treatment time. Therefore, cautions should be taken in the use of bRFE for treatment of articular cartilage injury.
Figure 1
Figure 2
Figure 3
Figure 4
Figure 5