Effect of Pressure on Alkaline Pretreated Sugar Cane Bagasse for Enhanced Bioethanol Production

doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-1108129/v1

Download PDF

Research Article

Effect of Pressure on Alkaline Pretreated Sugar Cane Bagasse for Enhanced Bioethanol Production

https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-1108129/v1

This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License

Version 1

posted

You are reading this latest preprint version

Global warming has become a major concern as a result of the excessive release of greenhouse gas emissions. An important strategy for achieving carbon neutrality targets is to focus on renewable energy resources. Second generation bioethanol synthesis via sugarcane bagasse (SCB) is another promising approach for the reduction of greenhouse gas emissions. Here in, this study presents the second generation of bioethanol production from sugarcane bagasse with the pretreatment condition adjoined with basic hydrogen peroxide and pressure effect by fermentation using microorganisms Saccharomyces Cerevisiae and Bacillus Subtilis. The results revealed better production through pretreatment at different operational stages through batch fermentation. Different characterization techniques including Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Fourier Transform Infra-Red (FTIR), High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC), and Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA) results confirmed the better effects of structural changes of hemicellulose, lignin, and cellulose during treatment, weight loss, thermal stability, and higher concentration of the produced bioethanol in the distillate After pretreatment, the conversion of biomass to bioethanol by using Saccharomyces Cerevisiae gives a high production yield (70%), which presents a production of 70g/L from 100g of SCB at the end of 72 h and a yield of bioethanol (0.7g/g) of SCB confirmed through gas chromatography/mass spectrometry qualitative analysis (GC/MS). The pretreatment conditions of alkaline hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂) were optimized to the values 3h, 50°C, 60 psi, pH 8.6, and 150 rpm. This study sheds light on the effects of pretreatment conditions for bioethanol production from sugarcane bagasse.

Biotechnology and Bioengineering

Bioethanol

Sugar Cane Bagasse

Alkaline Pretreatment

Pressure

In recent times, we are witnessing a crisis that can unfold into catastrophy and this crisis is primarily due to vast CO₂ emission because of fuel combustion which totally damages the environment and affects climate globally. Simultaneously, energy security has assumed un-presented importance in global discourse. As the events unfold due to the limited availability of conventional fossil fuels, the major renewable energy source is biomass which is used nowadays potentially and received much attention. Much of these untapped energy resources have huge potential [1]–[3]. The fourth-largest energy source worldwide is biomass after (petroleum, natural gas, and coal) and it offers approximately 10.2% (almost 50.3 EJ per year) of the annual global energy supply [4]. Global warming can be controlled using biofuels if there is a significant enhancement of production from the present production of 9.7×10⁶ GJ d⁻¹ to 4.6×10⁷GJ d⁻¹ in the years between 2016 to 2040 [5]. Conventionally sugarcane is the most common and important crop harvested worldwide and its bagasse is considered as waste and byproduct of the sugar industry is either discarded or burned to produce heat energy and it is the most cheaper source of energy for developing countries [6]. It has been estimated that for every 1000 kg of sugarcane about 270-280 kg as residual bagasse and about 140 kg of straw is obtained [7]. There are total 81 sugar mills in Pakistan with an annual capacity of six million tons of sugar produced. The industry crushes 35-45 million tons of sugarcane from these 12 million tons of sugarcane waste is produced annually [8]. The production of all the petroleum products is expensive as well as they are obtained from nonrenewable energy resources, which are in depleting phase [9]. Therefore, the need of the hour is to shift towards renewable green fuels. Bioethanol is one of the best alternatives for conventional petroleum products [10]. Figure 1 shows the renewable energy source bioethanol is the inspiring fuel that is produced and consumed in different parts of the world. According to preliminary work, bioethanol production from biomass (sugarcane bagasse, molasses, etc.) has low emissions of greenhouse gases [11]. This waste is lignocellulosic material mainly containing hemicellulose, lignin, and cellulose [12]. Lignocellusic materials are hard to digest, through different pre-treatment techniques compressed structure can change into conventional biofuel e.g. ethanol, and currently ethanol production capacity of Pakistan is 270,000 tons per annum used for fuel which can readily be increased up to 400,000 tons per annum through the rise in feedstock like sugarcane bagasse waste [13]. Sugarcane production has increased considerably in the last three decades which is about 9.93 × 10⁸ tonnes in 1988 to 1.91× 10⁹ tonnes in 2018 according to the statistics released by the food and agricultural organization. [14]. A variety of pretreatment methods has been utilized till now to alter the composition of sugarcane bagasse. Biological, physical, physicochemical, and chemical pretreatments were experimented with in previous published work and proved to be successful in enhancing bioenergy production [15]–[17]. Physical pretreatment necessitates a significant amount of energy to break down the complex structure of sugarcane bagasse[18]. By applying pressure during chemical pretreatment will result in fast size reduction of solid particles and alteration of sample composition [19], [20]. However, the most valuable technique for removing lignin from sugarcane bagasse is a physicochemical method and its advantages are simple operation at minimum temperature and pressure [21]. The stated pretreatment conditions produces (1 h, 25°C, 1.84 mL hydrogen peroxide/g bagasse) 416.7kg of glucose from 1 ton of raw bagasse and the ethanol production was 187.87kg from 1 ton of raw bagasse. [22]. Most researchers have tried to optimize fermentation process parameters like temperature, time hydrogen peroxide concentration, and pH [23]. The microorganisms in this process are most effective for biodegradation of long (carbon, hydrogen) catenation into short (carbon, hydrogen) catenation to enhance the bioethanol production [24]. However, Scheffersomyces Shehatae was used for fermentation after 48 hours, 9.11 g/l ethanol production (yield 0.38 g/g) was obtained. After 72 hours of fermentation, enzymatic hydrolysate yielded 8.13 g/l ethanol (yield 0.22 g/g) when fermented by Saccharomyces Cerevisiae [25]–[27].

In this study physiochemical treatment carried out using highly concentrated hydrogen peroxide with applied pressure by an inert gas which effects more on the compacted structure of substrate as compared to other previous published work and increased bioethanol production achieved.

1. Effect of Fermentation time on Bioethanol production

Figure 2 showed the ethanol production from two microorganisms with treated and untreated solid substrates sugarcane bagasse in 72 hours and 20g of raw bagasse was used in each trial. Ethanol production from the treated substrate was obtained 42g/l with Saccharomyces Cerevisiae while untreated sugarcane bagasse ethanol production was 22g/l with Saccharomyces Cerevisiae [53], [54]. Ethanol production from treated sugarcane bagasse was obtained 14g/l with Bacillus Subtilis and from untreated sugarcane bagasse 8g/l with Bacillus Subtilis respectively [55]. However, ethanol production from the treated substrate was obtained higher than untreated sugarcane bagasse because of highly concentrated alkaline chemical 35% hydrogen peroxide treatment, with applied pressure during agitation which affects the conversion rate of fermentation by fast reduction of particle size and breaking the chemical bond of sugar [56]–[58] However, in previous work ethanol production was reported 51.5g/l from 100g raw bagasse with three different methods by reusing of liquor residue with 15% hydrogen peroxide and 5% Ca(OH)₂ and enzymes loading [22]. Therefore, it’s been observed that the impact of pressure is significant to achieve the increase in ethanol production.

2. Effect of applied pressure on Bioethanol production

Figure (3) represented the relation between applied pressure and the production of bioethanol through batch fermentation. When the pressure was applied during treatment and untreated strongly effected the unconvertable, compacted structure of substrate [28], [59]. Sugarcane bagasse is challenging to ferment without treatment due to the complex matrix consisting of the three main polymers of lignocellulosic biomass (hemicellulose, lignin, and cellulose) and pretreatment process is principally required to break down [60]–[62]. Simultaneously during the fermentation process microorganisms efficiently utilized the carbon content of the substrate. However, when pressure is applied with inert gas, fused in the pore volume of substrate, reduce the strength of the bond and reduce the particle size of substrate [63]. In previous work, pressure has been applied through steam and CO₂, which do not bring any change in pore size of the substrate [64]–[67]. In this work pressure applied with non-reactive gas effecting the conversion rate of substrate indicated by the SEM analysis that amorphous hemicellulose could be easily degraded on applied pressure, reducing the fermentation time and enhancing the bioethanol production, with the pretreated and non-treated substrate. Non-reactive gases are also environment friendly [68].

3. Fourier-transform infra-red spectroscopy

The Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) was used to observe the structural changes of hemicellulose, lignin, and cellulose during chemical and pressure treatments exposed to sugarcane bagasse. Figure (4) and figure (5) represented the FTIR spectrum of the initial solid substrate (sugarcane bagasse) without treatment referred to as standard. The wavelength range is between (3200-3400cm^-1) and its intensity peak is alcohol (O-H). The wavelength range between (2800-3000cm-1 indicates sp³ (C-H) [69]. The region of (1600-1700cm^-1) represent (C=C and C=N). Wavelength range between Acyl and phenyl (1100-1350cm^-1) (C-O) Trisubstituted alkene (790-840cm^-1) [70], [71]. The region has a significant molecular interaction, making the area highly complicated, involving the superposition of numerous lignin and carbohydrate vibration modes. Due to (C-O) stretching of (C-O-C), the region between 1,100 and 1,200cm^-1 has a substantial proportion of hemicellulose and cellulose, with a maximum value around (1,035cm^-1). After acid hydrolysis (red line), the region between (1,100 and 1,000cm^-1) exhibits two peaks, showing the elimination of hemicellulose [72]. In the region of (1,247cm^-1), hemicellulose elimination is also visible [73]. The elimination of lignin appears to have an impact on alkaline hydrolysis. The (C=C) stretching of the aromatic ring in lignin causes the band around (1515cm^-1). The FTIR spectrum of native sugarcane bagasse, alkaline hydrolyzed cellulignin, and hydrolyzed substrate in the range (2,700-3,900cm^-1). Increased under-curve width asymmetry in the range of (3100-3500 cm^-1) is significant indication of the production of alcohols [74].

4. Gas chromatography mass spectrometry

Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC/MS) was used in the qualitative analysis of ethanol in the fermentation process. Bioethanol obtained from sugarcane bagasse is an integrated system for the analytical equipment by combined alkaline chemical and applied pressure treatment. GC/MS is used to separate analysts and mass spectrometry is used for its identification. The retention time was (4.190 (min) Ret index 759 and quality index SI is 49) of production which is obtained from treated sugarcane bagasse with microorganism B. Subtilis, retention time was (4.380 (min) Ret index 1803 quality index SI 453) of production which is obtained from treated sugarcane bagasse with microorganism S. Cerevisiae however both microorganisms used for bioethanol production [52][75].

5. Thermo-gravimetric analysis

The thermal stability and weight loss of the solid substrate sugarcane bagasse were analyzed by TGA at a temperature between 100°C and 600°C as shown in figure (6). The curves that were obtained by the TGA, were divided into different three phases. The different degradation ranges define the removal of cellulose and hemicellulose because sugarcane bagasse mainly consists of lignocellulose, which starts to burn above 250°C. The first phase explained the removal of moisture and in this case, it was noticed at a temperature of 250°C, and during the second phase, a high amount of moisture content was removed at 300°C and 450°C which describes the removal of volatile compounds. The last phase ranges from a temperature of 480°C is shows the significant weight loss was recorded between temperatures 500°C and 600°C is 90% loss of raw sugarcane bagasse, 97% weight loss of treated sugarcane bagasse with microorganism Saccharomyces Cerevisiae, 93% weight loss of untreated sugarcane bagasse with microorganism Saccharomyces Cerevisiae and 92% weight loss of treated sugarcane bagasse with microorganism Bacillus Bubtilis. However the maximum weight loss of 97% showed at this point is the strong evidence of chemical pretreatment and carbon bond degradation at a range between 300°C and 450°C, there was a tremendous amount of volatile matter indicating a combustion reaction [76], [77].

6. High-performance liquid chromatography

Figure 7 shows that a significant quantity of cellulosic sugarcane bagasse is consumed during the process of fermentation. In this work, fermented bioethanol was analyzed which was obtained from non-pretreated sugarcane bagasse with microorganism Saccharomyces Cerevisiae and alkaline pretreated sugarcane bagasse with Saccharomyces Cerevisiae as well as alkaline pretreated sugarcane bagasse with Bacillus Subtilis to find the concentration value of bioethanol with the help of (HPLC) analysis. The produced bioethanol was estimated to be a steep peak at a retention time of (2.920, 2.937, and 2.903 min) respectively, related to marketable ethanol ordinary at holding time of 2.892. The variation of retention time and production yield was due to the presence of different microorganisms, alkaline chemical treatment, and applied pressure changes [50], [78], [79].

7. Scanning-electron-microscopy

The structural and morphological changes on the SCB, before and after the chemical and pressure pretreatment was investigated and presented in figure (8). The untreated, raw substrate biomass showed a representative surface of the rigid, orderly, smooth structure. The treated SCB, on the other hand, presented a characteristic vast surface changes, loosened surface structure, due to chemical treatment and applied pressure. The most visible outcome of pretreatment is the loosening of the fibrous structure. The combined Pretreatment of pressure and high concentration of hydrogen peroxide removes the hemicellulose from SCB, weakening the cell wall and pronounced the loose compact structure. The clear presence of tiny pores was observed by the combined pretreatment of SCB. However, before pretreatment structure of native SCB was thick-walled fiber cells compacted with pith. The parallel stripes make up the Fibers which are covered on outside constituted by parallel as well as compacted, as applied pressure during chemical treatment which effects the highly compacted matrix of the substrate to reduce the long chain of carbon and packed fibers with an open structure of carbon loose strong unconvertable structure of hemicellulose, the increased pore size of substrate for faster chemical reaction on SCB. SEM results are strong evidence of pretreatment of SCB with hydrogen peroxide and pressure improved cellulose recovery and effective lignin and hemicellulose removal for enhanced production of fermentable sugars [80]–[83].

The sugarcane bagasse was pretreated to improve its digestibility without the need for continuous fermentation and continuous pretreatment of substrate. This study examined the effect of pretreatment using orbital shaker agitation at 130, 140, 150 rpm were changed with time 1, 2, 3h.and 20ml of hydrogen peroxide with 35% concentration at pH 8.6. Although the concentration of peroxide with an applied pressure of non-reactive helium gas with variable pressure 20, 40, 60psi. The highest production of bioethanol 42g/l with the treated substrate by microorganism Saccharomyces Cerevisiae was obtained at 60psi pressure. The lowest production of bioethanol 14g/l was obtained with the treated substrate by microorganism Bacillus Subtilis. Both batch fermentation time was 72h. When compared to lime and CO₂ pretreatment, which reduces energy costs and maximizes raw material use, this method improves process economics. In comparison to lime, CO₂ pretreated bagasse, and other pretreatment approaches, the fermentability of the hydrolysate from peroxide and pressure prepared sugarcane bagasse was efficient. Increased ethanol production was achieved by combining the alkaline and pressure effects with fed-batch hydrolysis.

Acknowledgement: The authors thank U.S. Pakistan Center for Advanced Studies in Energy (USPCAS-E), National University of Science and Technology (NUST) Islamabad to carry out this research work.

Funding: No funding source

Availability of data and materials: The required supplementary data is available as per requirement

Authors ‘contributions:

Azhar Uddin: Experimentation and write up, Rabia Liaquat: Conceptualization and supervision,

Ali Abdullah: Characterization, Asif Hussain Khoja: Analysis, Muhammad Muddasar: Write up, Sami Ullah: Testing

Ethics: The authors declare that they have no competing financial and personal interests

Akhtar N, Gupta K, Goyal D, Goyal A (Mar. 2016) Recent advances in pretreatment technologies for efficient hydrolysis of lignocellulosic biomass., ” Environ Prog Sustain Energy 35(2):489–511. doi: https://doi.org/10.1002/ep.12257
Sun Y, Cheng J (2002) Hydrolysis of lignocellulosic materials for ethanol production: a review., ” Bioresour Technol 83(1):1–11. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0960-8524(01)00212-7
Sánchez ÓJ, Cardona CA (2008) Trends in biotechnological production of fuel ethanol from different feedstocks., ” Bioresour Technol 99(13):5270–5295. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2007.11.013
Menon V, Rao M (Aug. 2012) Trends in bioconversion of lignocellulose: Biofuels, platform chemicals & biorefinery concept., ” Prog Energy Combust Sci 38:522–550. doi: 10.1016/j.pecs.2012.02.002
Rezania S (2020) Technical Aspects of Biofuel Production from Different Sources in Malaysia—A Review., ” Processes 8(8). doi: 10.3390/pr8080993
Cherubini F (2010) The biorefinery concept: Using biomass instead of oil for producing energy and chemicals., ” Energy Convers Manag 51(7):1412–1421. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enconman.2010.01.015
Canilha L et al (2012) “Bioconversion of Sugarcane Biomass into Ethanol: An Overview about Composition, Pretreatment Methods, Detoxification of Hydrolysates, Enzymatic Saccharification, and Ethanol Fermentation,” J. Biomed. Biotechnol., vol. p. 989572, 2012, doi: 10.1155/2012/989572
Engr HA, Siddiqui (2021) “Bagasse-based power generation,”DAWN,
Arshad M, Hussain T, Iqbal M, Abbas M (2017) Enhanced ethanol production at commercial scale from molasses using high gravity technology by mutant S. cerevisiae., ” Brazilian J Microbiol 48(3):403–409. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bjm.2017.02.003
Rossi LM, Gallo JMR, Mattoso LHC, Buckeridge MS, Licence P, Allen DT (2021) “Ethanol from Sugarcane and the Brazilian Biomass-Based Energy and Chemicals Sector,” ACS Sustain. Chem. Eng., vol. 9, no. 12, pp. 4293–4295, Mar. doi: 10.1021/acssuschemeng.1c01678
Cherubini F, Strømman AH (2011) In: Pandey A, Larroche C, Ricke SC, Dussap C-G, Gnansounou EBT-B (eds) “Chapter 1 - Principles of Biorefining. Academic Press, Amsterdam, pp 3–24
Ejaz U, Muhammad S, Ali FI, Hashmi IA, Sohail M (2020) Cellulose extraction from methyltrioctylammonium chloride pretreated sugarcane bagasse and its application., ” Int J Biol Macromol 165:11–17. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.09.151
Arshad M, Khan ZM, Khalil-ur-Rehman FA, Shah, Rajoka MI (2008) “Optimization of process variables for minimization of byproduct formation during fermentation of blackstrap molasses to ethanol at industrial scale.,” Lett. Appl. Microbiol., vol. 47, no. 5, pp. 410–414, Nov. doi: 10.1111/j.1472-765X.2008.02446.x
de Almeida MA, Colombo R (2021) Production Chain of First-Generation Sugarcane Bioethanol: Characterization and Value-Added Application of Wastes., ” BioEnergy Res. doi: 10.1007/s12155-021-10301-4
Sankaran R (2020) Recent advances in the pretreatment of microalgal and lignocellulosic biomass: A comprehensive review., ” Bioresour Technol 298:122476. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2019.122476
Kumar AK, Sharma S (2017) Recent updates on different methods of pretreatment of lignocellulosic feedstocks: a review., ” Bioresour Bioprocess 4(1):7. doi: 10.1186/s40643-017-0137-9
Laser M, Schulman D, Allen SG, Lichwa J, Antal MJ, Lynd LR (2002) A comparison of liquid hot water and steam pretreatments of sugar cane bagasse for bioconversion to ethanol., ” Bioresour Technol 81(1):33–44. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0960-8524(01)00103-1
Weil J, Westgate P, Kohlmann K, Ladisch MR (1994) Cellulose pretreaments of lignocellulosic substrates., ” Enzyme Microb Technol 16(11):1002–1004. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/0141-0229(94)90012-4
Castañón-Rodríguez JF, Torrestiana-Sánchez B, Montero-Lagunes M, Portilla-Arias J, Ramírez de León JA, Aguilar-Uscanga MG (2013) Using high pressure processing (HPP) to pretreat sugarcane bagasse., ” Carbohydr Polym 98(1):1018–1024. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.carbpol.2013.06.068
Pasquini D, Pimenta MTB, Ferreira LH, Curvelo AA (2005) “Extraction of lignin from sugar cane bagasse and Pinus taeda wood chips using ethanol–water mixtures and carbon dioxide at high pressures,” J. Supercrit. Fluids, vol. 36, no. 1, pp. 31–39, doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.supflu.2005.03.004
Zheng J, Rehmann L (2014) Extrusion Pretreatment of Lignocellulosic Biomass: A Review., ” Int J Mol Sci 15(10). doi: 10.3390/ijms151018967
Rabelo SC, Andrade RR, Maciel Filho R, Costa AC (2014) Alkaline hydrogen peroxide pretreatment, enzymatic hydrolysis and fermentation of sugarcane bagasse to ethanol., ” Fuel 136:349–357. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2014.07.033
Yang S, Zheng M, Cao Y, Dong Y, Yaqoob S, Liu J (2018) Optimization of liquid fermentation conditions for biotransformation zein by Cordyceps militaris 202 and characterization of physicochemical and functional properties of fermentative hydrolysates., ” Brazilian J Microbiol 49(3):621–631. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bjm.2017.12.005
Joutey NT (2013), p. In: Bahafid W (ed) “Biodegradation: Involved Microorganisms and Genetically Engineered Microorganisms. IntechOpen, Rijeka. Ch. 11.
Chandel AK (2014) Multi-scale structural and chemical analysis of sugarcane bagasse in the process of sequential acid–base pretreatment and ethanol production by Scheffersomyces shehatae and Saccharomyces cerevisiae., ” Biotechnol Biofuels 7(1):63. doi: 10.1186/1754-6834-7-63
Vohra M, Manwar J, Manmode R, Padgilwar S, Patil S (2014) Bioethanol production: Feedstock and current technologies., ” J Environ Chem Eng 2(1):573–584. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jece.2013.10.013
Weber C (2010) Trends and challenges in the microbial production of lignocellulosic bioalcohol fuels., ” Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 87(4):1303–1315. doi: 10.1007/s00253-010-2707-z
de Araujo Guilherme A, Dantas PVF, de Padilha CE, dos Santos ES, de Macedo GR (2019) Ethanol production from sugarcane bagasse: Use of different fermentation strategies to enhance an environmental-friendly process., ” J Environ Manage 234:44–51. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2018.12.102
Schallmey M, Singh A, Ward OP (Jan. 2004) Developments in the use of Bacillus species for industrial production., ” Can J Microbiol 50(1):1–17. doi: 10.1139/w03-076
Tantipaibulvut S, Pinisakul A, Rattanachaisit P, Klatin K, Onsriprai B, Boonyaratsiri K (2015) Ethanol Production from Desizing Wastewater Using Co-Culture of Bacillus subtilis and Saccharomyces cerevisiae., ” Energy Procedia 79:1001–1007. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.egypro.2015.11.600
de Wanderley MC, Martín C, de Rocha GJ, Gouveia ER (2013) Increase in ethanol production from sugarcane bagasse based on combined pretreatments and fed-batch enzymatic hydrolysis., ” Bioresour Technol 128:448–453. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2012.10.131
Rocha MVP, Rodrigues THS, Melo VMM, Gonçalves LRB, de Macedo GR (2011) “Cashew apple bagasse as a source of sugars for ethanol production by Kluyveromyces marxianus CE025,” J. Ind. Microbiol. Biotechnol., vol. 38, no. 8, pp. 1099–1107, Aug. doi: 10.1007/s10295-010-0889-0
Terán R, Hilares (2020) Hydrodynamic cavitation-assisted continuous pre-treatment of sugarcane bagasse for ethanol production: Effects of geometric parameters of the cavitation device., ” Ultrason Sonochem 63:104931. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ultsonch.2019.104931
Putra MD et al (Dec. 2015) “Kinetic Modeling and Enhanced Production of Fructose and Ethanol From Date Fruit Extract,” Chem. Eng. Commun., vol. 202, no. 12, pp. 1618–1627, doi: 10.1080/00986445.2014.968711
Jugwanth Y, Sewsynker-Sukai Y, Gueguim Kana EB (2020) Valorization of sugarcane bagasse for bioethanol production through simultaneous saccharification and fermentation: Optimization and kinetic studies., ” Fuel 262:116552. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2019.116552
Chang VS, Burr B, Holtzapple MT (1997) “Lime Pretreatment of Switchgrass BT - Biotechnology for Fuels and Chemicals: Proceedings of the Eighteenth Symposium on Biotechnology for Fuels and Chemicals Held May 5–9, 1996, at Gatlinburg, Tennessee,” B. H. Davison, C. E. Wyman, and M. Finkelstein, Eds. Totowa, NJ: Humana Press, pp. 3–19
de Rocha GJ, Nascimento VM, Gonçalves AR, Silva VFN, Martín C (2015) Influence of mixed sugarcane bagasse samples evaluated by elemental and physical–chemical composition., ” Ind Crops Prod 64:52–58. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.indcrop.2014.11.003
Balan V, da Costa Sousa L, Chundawat SPS, Vismeh R, Jones AD, Dale BE (May 2008) Mushroom spent straw: a potential substrate for an ethanol-based biorefinery., ” J Ind Microbiol Biotechnol 35(5):293–301. doi: 10.1007/s10295-007-0294-5
Taherzadeh MJ, Karimi K (2008) Pretreatment of Lignocellulosic Wastes to Improve Ethanol and Biogas Production: A Review., ” Int J Mol Sci 9(9). doi: 10.3390/ijms9091621
Hendriks ATWM, Zeeman G (2009) Pretreatments to enhance the digestibility of lignocellulosic biomass., ” Bioresour Technol 100(1):10–18. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2008.05.027
Jayus, Nurhayati A, Mayzuhroh S, Arindhani, Caroenchai C (2016) Studies on Bioethanol Production of Commercial Baker’s and Alcohol Yeast under Aerated Culture Using Sugarcane Molasses as the Media., ” Agric Agric Sci Procedia 9:493–499. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aaspro.2016.02.168
Liu Y, Zheng X, Tao S, Hu L, Zhang X, Lin X (2021) Process optimization for deep eutectic solvent pretreatment and enzymatic hydrolysis of sugar cane bagasse for cellulosic ethanol fermentation., ” Renew Energy 177:259–267. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.renene.2021.05.131
Basso LC, de Amorim HV, de Oliveira AJ, Lopes ML (Nov. 2008) Yeast selection for fuel ethanol production in Brazil., ” FEMS Yeast Res 8:, no. 1155–1163. doi: 10.1111/j.1567-1364.2008.00428.x
Yoon LW, Ngoh GC, Chua ASM, Abdul MF, Patah, Teoh WH (2019) Process intensification of cellulase and bioethanol production from sugarcane bagasse via an integrated saccharification and fermentation process., ” Chem Eng Process - Process Intensif 142:107528. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cep.2019.107528
Raharja R, Murdiyatmo U, Sutrisno A, Wardani AK (2019) Bioethanol production from sugarcane molasses by instant dry yeast., ” IOP Conf Ser Earth Environ Sci 230:12076. doi: 10.1088/1755-1315/230/1/012076
Domínguez-Bocanegra AR, Torres-Muñoz JA, López RA (2015) Production of Bioethanol from agro-industrial wastes., ” Fuel 149:85–89. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2014.09.062
Khoja AH, Tahir M, Amin NAS (2019) Recent developments in non-thermal catalytic DBD plasma reactor for dry reforming of methane., ” Energy Convers Manag 183:529–560. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enconman.2018.12.112
Khan R (2021) 3D hierarchical heterostructured LSTN@NiMn-layered double hydroxide as a bifunctional water splitting electrocatalyst for hydrogen production., ” Fuel 285:119174. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2020.119174
Liaquat R, Mehmood T, Khoja AH, Iqbal N, Ejaz H, Mumtaz S (2021) Investigating the potential of locally sourced wastewater as a feedstock of microbial desalination cell (MDC) for bioenergy production., ” Bioprocess Biosyst Eng 44(1):173–184. doi: 10.1007/s00449-020-02433-2
Gohain M (2021) Bio-ethanol production: A route to sustainability of fuels using bio-based heterogeneous catalyst derived from waste., ” Process Saf Environ Prot 146:190–200. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psep.2020.08.046
Khoja AH, Tahir M, Amin NAS, Javed A, Mehran MT (2020) Kinetic study of dry reforming of methane using hybrid DBD plasma reactor over La2O3 co-supported Ni/MgAl2O4 catalyst., ” Int J Hydrogen Energy 45(22):12256–12271. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhydene.2020.02.200
Khan SR, Zeeshan M, Masood A (2020) Enhancement of hydrocarbons production through co-pyrolysis of acid-treated biomass and waste tire in a fixed bed reactor., ” Waste Manag 106:21–31. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wasman.2020.03.010
Patel MA, Ou MS, Ingram LO, Shanmugam KT (2005) Simultaneous saccharification and co-fermentation of crystalline cellulose and sugar cane bagasse hemicellulose hydrolysate to lactate by a thermotolerant acidophilic Bacillus sp. ” Biotechnol Prog 21(5):1453–1460. doi: 10.1021/bp0400339
Wyman CE (1999) “BIOMASS ETHANOL: Technical Progress, Opportunities, and Commercial Challenges,” Annu. Rev. Energy Environ., vol. 24, no. 1, pp. 189–226, Nov. doi: 10.1146/annurev.energy.24.1.189
Sánchez C (2009) Lignocellulosic residues: Biodegradation and bioconversion by fungi., ” Biotechnol Adv 27(2):185–194. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biotechadv.2008.11.001
Mohsenzadeh A, Jeihanipour A, Karimi K, Taherzadeh MJ (2012) “Alkali pretreatment of softwood spruce and hardwood birch by NaOH/thiourea, NaOH/urea, NaOH/urea/thiourea, and NaOH/PEG to improve ethanol and biogas production,” J. Chem. Technol. Biotechnol., vol. 87, no. 8, pp. 1209–1214, Aug. doi: https://doi.org/10.1002/jctb.3695
Hongdan Z, Shaohua X, Shubin W (2013) Enhancement of enzymatic saccharification of sugarcane bagasse by liquid hot water pretreatment., ” Bioresour Technol 143:391–396. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2013.05.103
Wyman CE, Dale BE, Elander RT, Holtzapple M, Ladisch MR, Lee YY (2005) “Coordinated development of leading biomass pretreatment technologies.,” Bioresour. Technol., vol. 96, no. 18, pp. 1959–1966, Dec. doi: 10.1016/j.biortech.2005.01.010
Alvira P, Tomás-Pejó E, Ballesteros M, Negro MJ (2010) Pretreatment technologies for an efficient bioethanol production process based on enzymatic hydrolysis: A review., ” Bioresour Technol 101:, no. 4851–4861. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2009.11.093
Salvador ÂC, Santos MdaC, Saraiva JA (2010) Effect of the ionic liquid [bmim]Cl and high pressure on the activity of cellulase., ” Green Chem 12(4):632–635. doi: 10.1039/B918879G
Fu D, Mazza G, Tamaki Y (2010) “Lignin Extraction from Straw by Ionic Liquids and Enzymatic Hydrolysis of the Cellulosic Residues,” J. Agric. Food Chem., vol. 58, no. 5, pp. 2915–2922, Mar. doi: 10.1021/jf903616y
Palmqvist E, Hahn-Hägerdal B (2000) Fermentation of lignocellulosic hydrolysates. II: inhibitors and mechanisms of inhibition., ” Bioresour Technol 74(1):25–33. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0960-8524(99)00161-3
Weber B, Sandoval-Moctezuma AC, Estrada-Maya A, Martínez-Cienfuegos IG, Durán-García MD (2020) Agave bagasse response to steam explosion and anaerobic treatment., ” Biomass Convers Biorefinery 10(4):1279–1289. doi: 10.1007/s13399-020-00619-y
Zhang H, Wu S (2013) Subcritical CO2 pretreatment of sugarcane bagasse and its enzymatic hydrolysis for sugar production., ” Bioresour Technol 149:546–550. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2013.08.159
Paljevac M, Primožič M, Habulin M, Novak Z, Knez Ž (2007) Hydrolysis of carboxymethyl cellulose catalyzed by cellulase immobilized on silica gels at low and high pressures., ” J Supercrit Fluids 43(1):74–80. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.supflu.2007.05.006
Navarro A, Montiel C, Gracia-Fadrique J, Tecante A, Bárzana E (2021) Supercritical carbon dioxide ‘explosion’ on blue agave bagasse to enhance enzymatic digestibility., ” Biomass Convers Biorefinery. doi: 10.1007/s13399-021-01557-z
Morais ARC, Lopes AMdaC, Bogel-Łukasik R (Jan. 2015) Carbon Dioxide in Biomass Processing: Contributions to the Green Biorefinery Concept., ” Chem Rev 115(1):3–27. doi: 10.1021/cr500330z
Himmel ME et al (Feb. 2007) “Biomass Recalcitrance: Engineering Plants and Enzymes for Biofuels Production,” Science (80-.)., vol. 315, no. 5813, pp. 804 LP – 807, doi: 10.1126/science.1137016
Rozenberg M, Loewenschuss A, Marcus Y (2000) Infrared spectra and hydrogen bonding of pentitols and pyranosides at 20 to 300 K., ” Carbohydr Res 328(3):307–319. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0008-6215(00)00117-8
Romano N, Santos M, Mobili P, Vega R, Gómez-Zavaglia A (2016) Effect of sucrose concentration on the composition of enzymatically synthesized short-chain fructo-oligosaccharides as determined by FTIR and multivariate analysis., ” Food Chem 202:467–475. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2016.02.002
Rozenberg M, Loewenschuss A, Marcus Y (1997) IR spectra and hydrogen bonding in tetritols., ” Carbohydr Res 304(2):183–186. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0008-6215(97)00244-9
Phukan MM, Chutia RS, Konwar BK, Kataki R (2011) Microalgae Chlorella as a potential bio-energy feedstock., ” Appl Energy 88(10):3307–3312. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2010.11.026
Yu N (2018) Bioethanol from sugarcane bagasse: Focused on optimum of lignin content and reduction of enzyme addition., ” Waste Manag 76:404–413. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wasman.2018.03.047
Wolkers WF, Oliver AE, Tablin F, Crowe JH (2004) A Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy study of sugar glasses., ” Carbohydr Res 339(6):1077–1085. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.carres.2004.01.016
Araújo MFRS, Cardoso PL, Souza GLR, Cardoso CC, Pasa VMD (2021) Simultaneous thermal liquefaction of sugarcane bagasse and esterification with ethanol and fusel oil: One-Step process for biofuel production., ” Chem Eng J 413:127432. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cej.2020.127432
Nazir MH et al (Jul. 2021) “Waste sugarcane bagasse-derived nanocatalyst for microwave-assisted transesterification: Thermal, kinetic and optimization study,” Biofuels, Bioprod. Biorefining, vol. n/a, no. n/a, doi: https://doi.org/10.1002/bbb.2264
Pereira Marques F (2021) Steam explosion pretreatment improves acetic acid organosolv delignification of oil palm mesocarp fibers and sugarcane bagasse., ” Int J Biol Macromol 175:304–312. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.01.174
Pérez-Sariñana BY, Saldaña-Trinidad S, Fajardo G, Santis-Espinosa F (2015) and S. P.J, “A Simple Method to Determine Bioethanol Production from Coffee Mucilage, Verified by HPLC,” Bioresources, vol. 10, pp. 2691–2698, Mar. doi: 10.15376/biores.10.2.2691-2698
Kumar M, Saini S, Gayen K (Feb. 2014) Acetone-butanol-ethanol fermentation analysis using only high performance liquid chromatography., ” Anal Methods 6:774. doi: 10.1039/c3ay41717d
Ponce J (2021) Alkali pretreated sugarcane bagasse, rice husk and corn husk wastes as lignocellulosic biosorbents for dyes., ” Carbohydr Polym Technol Appl 2:100061. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.carpta.2021.100061
Kundu S, Mitra D, Das M (2021) Influence of chlorite treatment on the fine structure of alkali pretreated sugarcane bagasse., ” Biomass Convers Biorefinery. doi: 10.1007/s13399-020-01120-2
Godoy-Salinas AJ, Ortiz-Muñiz B, Rodríguez JG, Gutiérrez-Rivera B, Aguilar-Uscanga MG (2021) Bioethanol production by S. cerevisiae ITV-01 RD immobilized on pre-treated sugarcane bagasse., ” Biomass Convers Biorefinery. doi: 10.1007/s13399-021-01602-x
Muddasar M (2021) Evaluating the use of unassimilated bio-anode with different exposed surface areas for bioenergy production using solar-powered microbial electrolysis cell., ” Int J Energy Res. doi: 10.1002/er.7091

Download PDF

Version 1

posted

You are reading this latest preprint version

Effect of Pressure on Alkaline Pretreated Sugar Cane Bagasse for Enhanced Bioethanol Production

Status:

Version 1

Abstract

Figures

Introduction

Methodology

Conclusion

Declarations

References

Status:

Version 1