1 Tinetti, M. E., Speechley, M. & Ginter, S. F. Risk factors for falls among elderly persons living in the community. N Engl J Med319, 1701-1707, doi:10.1056/NEJM198812293192604 (1988).
2 Tinetti, M. E. & Williams, C. S. The effect of falls and fall injuries on functioning in community-dwelling older persons. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci53, M112-119, doi:10.1093/gerona/53a.2.m112 (1998).
3 Kannus, P., Sievänen, H., Palvanen, M., Järvinen, T. & Parkkari, J. Prevention of falls and consequent injuries in elderly people. The Lancet366, 1885-1893, doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(05)67604-0 (2005).
4 Stevens, J. A., Corso, P. S., Finkelstein, E. A. & Miller, T. R. The costs of fatal and non-fatal falls among older adults. Inj Prev12, 290-295, doi:10.1136/ip.2005.011015 (2006).
5 Tinetti, M. E. & Kumar, C. The patient who falls: "It's always a trade-off". JAMA303, 258-266, doi:10.1001/jama.2009.2024 (2010).
6 Pfortmueller, C. A., Lindner, G. & Exadaktylos, A. K. Reducing fall risk in the elderly: risk factors and fall prevention, a systematic review. Minerva Med105, 275-281 (2014).
7 Yang, Y., Hu, X., Zhang, Q. & Zou, R. Diabetes mellitus and risk of falls in older adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Age Ageing45, 761-767, doi:10.1093/ageing/afw140 (2016).
8 Vinik, A. I. et al. Aging, Diabetes, and Falls. Endocr Pract23, 1117-1139, doi:10.4158/EP171794.RA (2017).
9 Schwartz, A. V. et al. Older women with diabetes have a higher risk of falls: a prospective study. Diabetes Care25, 1749-1754, doi:10.2337/diacare.25.10.1749 (2002).
10 Schwartz, A. V. et al. Diabetes-related complications, glycemic control, and falls in older adults. Diabetes Care31, 391-396, doi:10.2337/dc07-1152 (2008).
11 Roman de Mettelinge, T., Cambier, D., Calders, P., Van Den Noortgate, N. & Delbaere, K. Understanding the relationship between type 2 diabetes mellitus and falls in older adults: a prospective cohort study. PLoS One8, e67055, doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0067055 (2013).
12 Close, J. C., Lord, S. L., Menz, H. B. & Sherrington, C. What is the role of falls? Best Pract Res Clin Rheumatol19, 913-935, doi:10.1016/j.berh.2005.06.002 (2005).
13 Sarica, A., Cerasa, A. & Quattrone, A. Random Forest Algorithm for the Classification of Neuroimaging Data in Alzheimer's Disease: A Systematic Review. Front Aging Neurosci9, 329, doi:10.3389/fnagi.2017.00329 (2017).
14 Matsumoto, H. et al. Sarcopenia is a risk factor for falling in independently living Japanese older adults: A 2-year prospective cohort study of the GAINA study. Geriatr Gerontol Int17, 2124-2130, doi:10.1111/ggi.13047 (2017).
15 Wu, H. & Ouyang, P. Fall prevalence, time trend and its related risk factors among elderly people in China. Arch Gerontol Geriatr73, 294-299, doi:10.1016/j.archger.2017.08.009 (2017).
16 Breiman, L. Rondaom Forests. Machine Learning45, 5-32, doi:10.1023/a:1010933404324 (2001).
17 Moreland, J. D., Richardson, J. A., Goldsmith, C. H. & Clase, C. M. Muscle weakness and falls in older adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Am Geriatr Soc52, 1121-1129, doi:10.1111/j.1532-5415.2004.52310.x (2004).
18 Almurdhi, M. M. et al. Reduced Lower-Limb Muscle Strength and Volume in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes in Relation to Neuropathy, Intramuscular Fat, and Vitamin D Levels. Diabetes Care39, 441-447, doi:10.2337/dc15-0995 (2016).
19 Asada, F. et al. Lower-limb muscle strength according to bodyweight and muscle mass among middle age patients with type 2 diabetes without diabetic neuropathy. J Phys Ther Sci29, 1181-1185, doi:10.1589/jpts.29.1181 (2017).
20 Andreassen, C. S., Jakobsen, J., Ringgaard, S., Ejskjaer, N. & Andersen, H. Accelerated atrophy of lower leg and foot muscles--a follow-up study of long-term diabetic polyneuropathy using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Diabetologia52, 1182-1191, doi:10.1007/s00125-009-1320-0 (2009).
21 Kim, B. et al. Changes in muscle strength after diet-induced weight reduction in adult men with obesity: a prospective study. Diabetes Metab Syndr Obes10, 187-194, doi:10.2147/DMSO.S132707 (2017).
22 Charlier, R., Mertens, E., Lefevre, J. & Thomis, M. Muscle mass and muscle function over the adult life span: a cross-sectional study in Flemish adults. Arch Gerontol Geriatr61, 161-167, doi:10.1016/j.archger.2015.06.009 (2015).
23 Srikanthan, P. & Karlamangla, A. S. Relative muscle mass is inversely associated with insulin resistance and prediabetes. Findings from the third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. J Clin Endocrinol Metab96, 2898-2903, doi:10.1210/jc.2011-0435 (2011).
24 Lin, C. H., Liao, K. C., Pu, S. J., Chen, Y. C. & Liu, M. S. Associated factors for falls among the community-dwelling older people assessed by annual geriatric health examinations. PLoS One6, e18976, doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0018976 (2011).
25 Long, Y. C., Cheng, Z., Copps, K. D. & White, M. F. Insulin receptor substrates Irs1 and Irs2 coordinate skeletal muscle growth and metabolism via the Akt and AMPK pathways. Mol Cell Biol31, 430-441, doi:10.1128/MCB.00983-10 (2011).
26 Young, S. E., Mainous, A. G., 3rd & Carnemolla, M. Hyperinsulinemia and cognitive decline in a middle-aged cohort. Diabetes Care29, 2688-2693, doi:10.2337/dc06-0915 (2006).
27 Okereke, O., Hankinson, S. E., Hu, F. B. & Grodstein, F. Plasma C peptide level and cognitive function among older women without diabetes mellitus. Arch Intern Med165, 1651-1656, doi:10.1001/archinte.165.14.1651 (2005).
28 Okereke, O. I., Kurth, T., Pollak, M. N., Gaziano, J. M. & Grodstein, F. Fasting plasma insulin, C-peptide and cognitive change in older men without diabetes: results from the Physicians' Health Study II. Neuroepidemiology34, 200-207, doi:10.1159/000289351 (2010).
29 Lutski, M., Weinstein, G., Goldbourt, U. & Tanne, D. Insulin Resistance and Future Cognitive Performance and Cognitive Decline in Elderly Patients with Cardiovascular Disease. J Alzheimers Dis57, 633-643, doi:10.3233/JAD-161016 (2017).
30 Muir, S. W., Gopaul, K. & Montero Odasso, M. M. The role of cognitive impairment in fall risk among older adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Age Ageing41, 299-308, doi:10.1093/ageing/afs012 (2012).
31 Macgilchrist, C. et al. Lower-limb risk factors for falls in people with diabetes mellitus. Diabet Med27, 162-168, doi:10.1111/j.1464-5491.2009.02914.x (2010).
32 Feldman, E. L. et al. A practical two-step quantitative clinical and electrophysiological assessment for the diagnosis and staging of diabetic neuropathy. Diabetes Care17, 1281-1289, doi:10.2337/diacare.17.11.1281 (1994).
33 Richardson, J. K. Factors associated with falls in older patients with diffuse polyneuropathy. J Am Geriatr Soc50, 1767-1773, doi:10.1046/j.1532-5415.2002.50503.x (2002).
34 Tate, A. E. et al. Predicting mental health problems in adolescence using machine learning techniques. PLoS One15, e0230389, doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0230389 (2020).
35 Frizzell, J. D. et al. Prediction of 30-Day All-Cause Readmissions in Patients Hospitalized for Heart Failure: Comparison of Machine Learning and Other Statistical Approaches. JAMA Cardiol2, 204-209, doi:10.1001/jamacardio.2016.3956 (2017).
36 Olivera, A. R. et al. Comparison of machine-learning algorithms to build a predictive model for detecting undiagnosed diabetes - ELSA-Brasil: accuracy study. Sao Paulo Med J135, 234-246, doi:10.1590/1516-3180.2016.0309010217 (2017).
37 Baumgartner, R. N. et al. Epidemiology of sarcopenia among the elderly in New Mexico. Am J Epidemiol147, 755-763, doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a009520 (1998).
38 Kageyama, S. et al. A critical level of diabetic autonomic neuropathy. Tohoku J Exp Med141 Suppl, 479-483, doi:10.1620/tjem.141.suppl_479 (1983).
39 Matsuo, S. et al. Revised equations for estimated GFR from serum creatinine in Japan. Am J Kidney Dis53, 982-992, doi:10.1053/j.ajkd.2008.12.034 (2009).
40 Gill, T. M., Williams, C. S. & Tinetti, M. E. Environmental hazards and the risk of nonsyncopal falls in the homes of community-living older persons. Med Care38, 1174-1183, doi:10.1097/00005650-200012000-00004 (2000).
41 Cummings, S. R., Nevitt, M. C. & Kidd, S. Forgetting falls. The limited accuracy of recall of falls in the elderly. J Am Geriatr Soc36, 613-616, doi:10.1111/j.1532-5415.1988.tb06155.x (1988).
42 Yasuda, H. et al. Rationale and usefulness of newly devised abbreviated diagnostic criteria and staging for diabetic polyneuropathy. Diabetes Res Clin Pract77 Suppl 1, S178-183, doi:10.1016/j.diabres.2007.01.053 (2007).
43 Xiong, Q. et al. The Diagnostic Value of Neuropathy Symptom and Change Score, Neuropathy Impairment Score and Michigan Neuropathy Screening Instrument for Diabetic Peripheral Neuropathy. Eur Neurol74, 323-327, doi:10.1159/000441449 (2015).
44 Kataoka, H. et al. Relationship of toe pinch force to other muscle strength parameters in men with type 2 diabetes. Environ Health Prev Med21, 179-185, doi:10.1007/s12199-016-0512-8 (2016).
45 Michikawa, T., Nishiwaki, Y., Takebayashi, T. & Toyama, Y. One-leg standing test for elderly populations. J Orthop Sci14, 675-685, doi:10.1007/s00776-009-1371-6 (2009).
46 Suzuki, Y. et al. Age-dependent changes in dynamic standing-balance ability evaluated quantitatively using a stabilometer. J Phys Ther Sci30, 86-91, doi:10.1589/jpts.30.86 (2018).
47 Tanoue, H. et al. Effects of a dynamic chair on pelvic mobility, fatigue, and work efficiency during work performed while sitting: a comparison of dynamic sitting and static sitting. J Phys Ther Sci28, 1759-1763, doi:10.1589/jpts.28.1759 (2016).
48 Lapane, K. L., Jesdale, B. M., Dube, C. E., Pimentel, C. B. & Rajpathak, S. N. Sulfonylureas and risk of falls and fractures among nursing home residents with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Diabetes Res Clin Pract109, 411-419, doi:10.1016/j.diabres.2015.05.009 (2015).
49 Jeon, B. J. The effects of obesity on fall efficacy in elderly people. J Phys Ther Sci25, 1485-1489, doi:10.1589/jpts.25.1485 (2013).