See the published version of this preprint at Biology of Sex Differences.
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Ji-Hua Zheng
People's Liberation Army General Hospital of Southern Theatre Command
Corresponding Author
ORCiD: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9210-4971
License:
This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License. Read Full License
Background: Despite the growing number of studies on the Coronavirus Disease-19 (COVID-19), little is known about the association of menopausal status with COVID-19 outcomes.
Materials and methods: In this retrospective study, we included 336 COVID-19 in-patients between February 15, 2020 and April 30, 2020 at the Taikang Tongji Hospital (Wuhan), China. Electronic medical records, including patient demographics, laboratory results, and chest computed tomography (CT) images were reviewed.
Results: In total, 300 patients with complete clinical outcomes were included for analysis. The mean age was 65.3 years and most patients were women (n=167, 55.7%). Over 50% of patients presented with comorbidities, with hypertension (63.5%) being the most common comorbidity. After propensity-score matching, results showed that men had significantly higher odds than premenopausal women for developing severe disease type (23.7% vs. 0%, OR 17.12, 95% CI 1.00–293.60; p=0.003) and bilateral lung infiltration (86.1% vs. 64.7%, OR 3.39, 95% CI 1.08–10.64; p= 0.04), but not for mortality (2.0% vs. 0%, OR 0.88, 95% CI 0.04–19.12, p=1.00). However, non-significant difference was observed among men and post-menopause women in the percentage of severe disease type (32.7% vs. 41.7%, OR 0.68, 95% CI 0.37–1.24, p=0.21) and bilateral lung infiltration (86.1% vs. 91.7%, OR 0.56, 95% CI 0.22–1.47, p=0.24), mortality (2.0% vs. 6.0%, OR 0.32, 95% CI 0.06–1.69, p=0.25).
Conclusions: Men had higher disease severity than premenopausal women, while the differences disappeared between postmenopausal women and men. These findings support aggressive treatment for the poor-prognosis of postmenopausal women in clinical practice.
Keywords
COVID-19, menopause status, mortality, disease severity, propensity score–matching
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View the published article at Biology of Sex Differences.
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Editorial decision: Accept
On 17 Jan, 2021
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On 16 Jan, 2021
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Received 07 Jan, 2021
Reviewer #2 agreed
On 04 Jan, 2021
Editor assigned
On 04 Jan, 2021
Reviewers invited
Invitations sent on 04 Jan, 2021
Reviewer #1 agreed
On 04 Jan, 2021
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On 04 Jan, 2021
Editor invited
On 04 Jan, 2021
This version was not preprinted
Version 1
Posted 23 Nov, 2020
No comments provided
Reviewer #2 agreed
On 29 Nov, 2020
Review #2 received
Received 29 Nov, 2020
Editorial decision: Major Revision
On 29 Nov, 2020
Review #1 received
Received 27 Nov, 2020
Reviewers invited
Invitations sent on 19 Nov, 2020
Reviewer #1 agreed
On 19 Nov, 2020
Editor assigned
On 18 Nov, 2020
Submission checks complete
On 18 Nov, 2020
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On 18 Nov, 2020
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See the published version of this preprint at Biology of Sex Differences.
This is a preprint, a preliminary version of a manuscript that has not completed peer review at a journal. Research Square does not conduct peer review prior to posting preprints. The posting of a preprint on this server should not be interpreted as an endorsement of its validity or suitability for dissemination as established information or for guiding clinical practice.
Learn more about In Review
Research
Ji-Hua Zheng
People's Liberation Army General Hospital of Southern Theatre Command
Corresponding Author
ORCiD: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9210-4971
Badges
Prescreen
This manuscript passed our Prescreen assessment
Complete author information
Appropriate declaration statements
Potential risks to human health
Prescreen
Peer Review Timeline
CURRENT STATUS: Published
View the published article at Biology of Sex Differences.
No community comments so far
Editorial decision: Accept
On 17 Jan, 2021
Editor assigned
On 16 Jan, 2021
Submission checks complete
On 16 Jan, 2021
Editor invited
On 16 Jan, 2021
Version (no preprint)
Posted 07 Jan, 2021
Review #1 received
Received 07 Jan, 2021
Reviewer #2 agreed
On 04 Jan, 2021
Editor assigned
On 04 Jan, 2021
Reviewers invited
Invitations sent on 04 Jan, 2021
Reviewer #1 agreed
On 04 Jan, 2021
Submission checks complete
On 04 Jan, 2021
Editor invited
On 04 Jan, 2021
This version was not preprinted
Version 1
Posted 23 Nov, 2020
No comments provided
Reviewer #2 agreed
On 29 Nov, 2020
Review #2 received
Received 29 Nov, 2020
Editorial decision: Major Revision
On 29 Nov, 2020
Review #1 received
Received 27 Nov, 2020
Reviewers invited
Invitations sent on 19 Nov, 2020
Reviewer #1 agreed
On 19 Nov, 2020
Editor assigned
On 18 Nov, 2020
Submission checks complete
On 18 Nov, 2020
Editor invited
On 18 Nov, 2020
First submitted
On 17 Nov, 2020
Metrics
Comments: 0
PDF Downloads: ...
HTML Views: ...
License:
This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License. Read Full License
View the published article at Biology of Sex Differences.
Background: Despite the growing number of studies on the Coronavirus Disease-19 (COVID-19), little is known about the association of menopausal status with COVID-19 outcomes.
Materials and methods: In this retrospective study, we included 336 COVID-19 in-patients between February 15, 2020 and April 30, 2020 at the Taikang Tongji Hospital (Wuhan), China. Electronic medical records, including patient demographics, laboratory results, and chest computed tomography (CT) images were reviewed.
Results: In total, 300 patients with complete clinical outcomes were included for analysis. The mean age was 65.3 years and most patients were women (n=167, 55.7%). Over 50% of patients presented with comorbidities, with hypertension (63.5%) being the most common comorbidity. After propensity-score matching, results showed that men had significantly higher odds than premenopausal women for developing severe disease type (23.7% vs. 0%, OR 17.12, 95% CI 1.00–293.60; p=0.003) and bilateral lung infiltration (86.1% vs. 64.7%, OR 3.39, 95% CI 1.08–10.64; p= 0.04), but not for mortality (2.0% vs. 0%, OR 0.88, 95% CI 0.04–19.12, p=1.00). However, non-significant difference was observed among men and post-menopause women in the percentage of severe disease type (32.7% vs. 41.7%, OR 0.68, 95% CI 0.37–1.24, p=0.21) and bilateral lung infiltration (86.1% vs. 91.7%, OR 0.56, 95% CI 0.22–1.47, p=0.24), mortality (2.0% vs. 6.0%, OR 0.32, 95% CI 0.06–1.69, p=0.25).
Conclusions: Men had higher disease severity than premenopausal women, while the differences disappeared between postmenopausal women and men. These findings support aggressive treatment for the poor-prognosis of postmenopausal women in clinical practice.
Figure 1
Figure 1
Figure 2
Figure 2
Figure 3
Figure 3
This is a list of supplementary files associated with this preprint. Click to download.
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