1 Moyer, V. A. Screening for lung cancer: U.S. Preventive Services Task Force recommendation statement. Ann. Intern. Med. 160, 330-338, doi:10.7326/m13-2771 (2014).
2 Jemal, A., Siegel, R., Xu, J. & Ward, E. Cancer statistics, 2010. CA Cancer J. Clin. 60, 277-300, doi:10.3322/caac.20073 (2010).
3 Hecht, S. S. Lung carcinogenesis by tobacco smoke. Int. J. Cancer 131, 2724-2732, doi:10.1002/ijc.27816 (2012).
4 Pallis, A. G. & Syrigos, K. N. Lung cancer in never smokers: disease characteristics and risk factors. Crit. Rev. Oncol. Hematol. 88, 494-503, doi:10.1016/j.critrevonc.2013.06.011 (2013).
5 Zhang, Y. L. et al. The prevalence of EGFR mutation in patients with non-small cell lung cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Oncotarget 7, 78985-78993, doi:10.18632/oncotarget.12587 (2016).
6 Tetsu, O., Hangauer, M. J., Phuchareon, J., Eisele, D. W. & McCormick, F. Drug Resistance to EGFR Inhibitors in Lung Cancer. Chemotherapy 61, 223-235, doi:10.1159/000443368 (2016).
7 Shukla, S. D., Budden, K. F., Neal, R. & Hansbro, P. M. Microbiome effects on immunity, health and disease in the lung. Clin Transl Immunology 6, e133, doi:10.1038/cti.2017.6 (2017).
8 Chen, J., Domingue, J. C. & Sears, C. L. Microbiota dysbiosis in select human cancers: Evidence of association and causality. Semin. Immunol. 32, 25-34, doi:10.1016/j.smim.2017.08.001 (2017).
9 Vogtmann, E. & Goedert, J. J. Epidemiologic studies of the human microbiome and cancer. Br. J. Cancer 114, 237-242, doi:10.1038/bjc.2015.465 (2016).
10 Jin, C. et al. Commensal Microbiota Promote Lung Cancer Development via γδ T Cells. Cell 176, 998-1013.e1016, doi:10.1016/j.cell.2018.12.040 (2019).
11 Ahn, J. et al. Human gut microbiome and risk for colorectal cancer. J. Natl. Cancer Inst. 105, 1907-1911, doi:10.1093/jnci/djt300 (2013).
12 Gao, R., Gao, Z., Huang, L. & Qin, H. Gut microbiota and colorectal cancer. Eur. J. Clin. Microbiol. Infect. Dis. 36, 757-769, doi:10.1007/s10096-016-2881-8 (2017).
13 Bingula, R. et al. Desired Turbulence? Gut-Lung Axis, Immunity, and Lung Cancer. J. Oncol. 2017, 5035371, doi:10.1155/2017/5035371 (2017).
14 Tanoue, T. et al. A defined commensal consortium elicits CD8 T cells and anti-cancer immunity. Nature 565, 600-605, doi:10.1038/s41586-019-0878-z (2019).
15 Routy, B. et al. Gut microbiome influences efficacy of PD-1-based immunotherapy against epithelial tumors. Science 359, 91-97, doi:10.1126/science.aan3706 (2018).
16 Marsland, B. J., Trompette, A. & Gollwitzer, E. S. The Gut-Lung Axis in Respiratory Disease. Ann Am Thorac Soc 12 Suppl 2, S150-156, doi:10.1513/AnnalsATS.201503-133AW (2015).
17 Budden, K. F. et al. Emerging pathogenic links between microbiota and the gut-lung axis. Nat. Rev. Microbiol. 15, 55-63, doi:10.1038/nrmicro.2016.142 (2017).
18 Zhang, W. Q. et al. Alterations of fecal bacterial communities in patients with lung cancer. Am J Transl Res 10, 3171-3185 (2018).
19 Zhuang, H. et al. Dysbiosis of the Gut Microbiome in Lung Cancer. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 9, 112, doi:10.3389/fcimb.2019.00112 (2019).
20 Savin, Z., Kivity, S., Yonath, H. & Yehuda, S. Smoking and the intestinal microbiome. Arch. Microbiol. 200, 677-684, doi:10.1007/s00203-018-1506-2 (2018).
21 Trompette, A. et al. Gut microbiota metabolism of dietary fiber influences allergic airway disease and hematopoiesis. Nat. Med. 20, 159-166, doi:10.1038/nm.3444 (2014).
22 Madan, J. C. et al. Serial analysis of the gut and respiratory microbiome in cystic fibrosis in infancy: interaction between intestinal and respiratory tracts and impact of nutritional exposures. MBio 3, doi:10.1128/mBio.00251-12 (2012).
23 Sharma, A., Viswanath, B. & Park, Y.-S. Role of probiotics in the management of lung cancer and related diseases: An update. J. Funct. Foods 40, 625-633, doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jff.2017.11.050 (2018).
24 Nagano, T. et al. Novel cancer therapy targeting microbiome. Onco Targets Ther. 12, 3619-3624, doi:10.2147/ott.S207546 (2019).
25 Yang, J. J. et al. Association of Dietary Fiber and Yogurt Consumption With Lung Cancer Risk: A Pooled Analysis. JAMA Oncol, e194107, doi:10.1001/jamaoncol.2019.4107 (2019).
26 Sivan, A. et al. Commensal Bifidobacterium promotes antitumor immunity and facilitates anti-PD-L1 efficacy. Science 350, 1084-1089, doi:10.1126/science.aac4255 (2015).
27 Miquel, S. et al. Faecalibacterium prausnitzii and human intestinal health. Curr. Opin. Microbiol. 16, 255-261, doi:10.1016/j.mib.2013.06.003 (2013).
28 Qiu, X., Zhang, M., Yang, X., Hong, N. & Yu, C. Faecalibacterium prausnitzii upregulates regulatory T cells and anti-inflammatory cytokines in treating TNBS-induced colitis. J. Crohns Colitis 7, e558-568, doi:10.1016/j.crohns.2013.04.002 (2013).
29 Shimizu, K. et al. Tumor-infiltrating Foxp3+ regulatory T cells are correlated with cyclooxygenase-2 expression and are associated with recurrence in resected non-small cell lung cancer. J. Thorac. Oncol. 5, 585-590, doi:10.1097/JTO.0b013e3181d60fd7 (2010).
30 Vetizou, M. et al. Anticancer immunotherapy by CTLA-4 blockade relies on the gut microbiota. Science 350, 1079-1084, doi:10.1126/science.aad1329 (2015).
31 Burns, M. B. et al. Colorectal cancer mutational profiles correlate with defined microbial communities in the tumor microenvironment. PLoS Genet. 14, e1007376, doi:10.1371/journal.pgen.1007376 (2018).
32 Boonanantanasarn, K. et al. Enterococcus faecalis enhances cell proliferation through hydrogen peroxide-mediated epidermal growth factor receptor activation. Infect. Immun. 80, 3545-3558, doi:10.1128/iai.00479-12 (2012).
33 Hosomi, K. et al. Method for preparing DNA from feces in guanidine thiocyanate solution affects 16S rRNA-based profiling of human microbiota diversity. Sci. Rep. 7, 4339, doi:10.1038/s41598-017-04511-0 (2017).
34 Caporaso, J. G. et al. QIIME allows analysis of high-throughput community sequencing data. Nature methods 7, 335-336, doi:10.1038/nmeth.f.303 (2010).
35 Mohsen, A., Park, J., Chen, Y. A., Kawashima, H. & Mizuguchi, K. Impact of quality trimming on the efficiency of reads joining and diversity analysis of Illumina paired-end reads in the context of QIIME1 and QIIME2 microbiome analysis frameworks. BMC Bioinformatics 20, 581, doi:10.1186/s12859-019-3187-5 (2019).
36 Quast, C. et al. The SILVA ribosomal RNA gene database project: improved data processing and web-based tools. Nucleic Acids Res. 41, D590-596, doi:10.1093/nar/gks1219 (2013).
37 Edgar, R. C. Search and clustering orders of magnitude faster than BLAST. Bioinformatics 26, 2460-2461, doi:10.1093/bioinformatics/btq461 (2010).