Table 1. Data structure used for the genetic evaluation of the growth traits BW, WW, YW, DWG, T120, and T60% in bovines of the Blanco Orejinegro breed from Colombia.
Item
|
BW
|
WW
|
YW
|
DWG
|
T120
|
T60%
|
n
|
3,211
|
2,254
|
496
|
2,280
|
329
|
408
|
Mean ± sd
|
31.8 ± 3.52
|
202.06 ± 34.23
|
230.54 ± 37.26
|
0.645 ± 0.126
|
136.38 ± 27.49
|
541.07 ± 262.41
|
Animals in the kinship matrix
|
4,329
|
3,398
|
1,237
|
3,430
|
1,058
|
1,162
|
Known bulls
|
285
|
267
|
131
|
259
|
169
|
127
|
Known dams
|
1,390
|
1,235
|
464
|
1,248
|
580
|
456
|
Contemporary groups
|
161
|
141
|
68
|
140
|
42
|
49
|
BW: Birth weight, WW: Weaning weight, YW: Yearling weight, DWG: Daily weight gain between birth and weaning, T120: Time to reach 120 kg of live weight, and T60%: time to reach 60 % of adult weight, sd: standard deviation.
Table 2. Estimates of direct and maternal heritabilities and correlation between direct and maternal genetic effects with their respective standard errors for growth traits in Blanco Orejinegro breed from Colombia.
Trait
|
h2d
|
h2m
|
ram
|
BW
|
0.22 ± 0.059
|
0.14 ± 0.040
|
0.10 ± 0.256
|
WW
|
0.20 ± 0.057
|
0.15 ± 0.039
|
-0.03 ± 0.313
|
YW
|
0.20 ± 0.153
|
NA
|
NA
|
DWG
|
0.17 ± 0.07
|
0.25 ± 0.06
|
-0.39 ± 0.228
|
T120a
|
0.26
|
0.16
|
-0.15
|
T60%
|
0.44 ±0.03
|
NA
|
NA
|
BW: Birth weight, WW: Weaning weight, YW: Yearling weight, DWG: Daily weight gain between birth and weaning, T120: Time to reach 120 kg of live weight, and T60%: time to reach 60 % of adult weight, NA: Not applicable. a The heritability and correlation estimates between genetic and maternal variances for the T120 trait were challenging to find by the univariate methodology due to the low amount of data available and its difficulty to converge; therefore, the value reported is the mean of the estimates found in the bivariate analyses.
Table 3. Genetic (upper diagonal) and phenotypic (lower diagonal) correlations, with their respective standard errors between the growth traits in Blanco Orejinegro breed from Colombia.
Trait
|
BW
|
WW
|
YW
|
DWG
|
T120
|
T60%
|
BW
|
|
0.84 ± 0.118
|
0.82 ± 0.354
|
0.86 ± 0.139
|
-0.67 ± 0.411
|
-0.02 ± 0.33
|
WW
|
0.30 ± 0.024
|
|
0.98 ± 0.086
|
0.99 ± 0.05
|
-0.93 ± 0.200
|
-0.32 ± 0.328
|
YW
|
0.22 ± 0.056
|
0.77 ± 0.021
|
|
0.91 ± 0.141
|
-1.00 ± 0.306
|
-0.51 ± 0.374
|
DWG
|
0.19 ± 0.025
|
0.99 ± 0.01
|
0.69 ± 0.027
|
|
-0.98 ± 0.178
|
-0.48 ± 0.313
|
T120
|
-0.20 ± 0.00
|
-0.87 ± 0.019
|
-0.79 ± 0.035
|
-0.84 ± 0.019
|
|
0.60 ± 0.463
|
T60%
|
0.08 ± 0.066
|
-0.36 ± 0.057
|
-0.30 ± 0.073
|
-0.34 ± 0.052
|
0.58 ± 0.045
|
|
BW: Birth weight, WW: Weaning weight, YW: Yearling weight, DWG: Daily weight gain between birth and weaning, T120: Time to reach 120 kg of live weight, and T60%: time to reach 60 % of adult weight.
Table 4. Genetic progress (ΔG) and correlated response to selection (RC2) and relative efficiency to selection (ER) for the traits at the top of the table when each growth trait is used as selection criteria (on the left), in Blanco Orejinegro breed from Colombia.
Trait
|
ΔG
|
BW (kg)
|
WW (kg)
|
YW (kg)
|
DWG (kg/ day)
|
T120 (days)
|
T60% (days)
|
RC2
|
ER (%)
|
RC2
|
ER (%)
|
RC2
|
ER (%)
|
RC2
|
ER (%)
|
RC2
|
ER (%)
|
RC2
|
ER (%)
|
BW (kg)
|
0.78
|
|
|
6.03
|
88.05
|
6.41
|
86.00
|
0.023
|
98.34
|
-4.41
|
-61.66
|
-1.63
|
-1.41
|
WW (kg)
|
6.85
|
0.62
|
79.52
|
|
|
7.30
|
98.00
|
0.025
|
107.94
|
-6.11
|
-85.59
|
-26.13
|
-22.63
|
YW (kg)
|
7.45
|
0.61
|
77.62
|
6.71
|
97.94
|
|
|
0.023
|
99.22
|
-6.57
|
-92.03
|
-41.65
|
-36.06
|
DWG (kg/day)
|
0.02
|
0.59
|
75.06
|
6.25
|
91.22
|
6.25
|
83.90
|
|
|
-6.44
|
-90.19
|
-39.20
|
-33.94
|
T120 (days)
|
7.14
|
-0.56
|
-72.31
|
-7.26
|
-105.97
|
-8.50
|
-114.02
|
-0.028
|
-121.83
|
|
|
49.00
|
42.43
|
T60% (days)
|
115.49
|
-0.022
|
-2.81
|
-3.25
|
-47.44
|
-5.64
|
-75.65
|
-0.018
|
-77.63
|
3.81
|
53.38
|
|
|
BW: Birth weight, WW: Weaning weight, YW: Yearling weight, DWG: Daily weight gain between birth and weaning, T120: Time to reach 120 kg of live weight, T60%: time to reach 60% of adult weight.