A total of 23,889 exercises were completed by 3,054 participants. Table 1 shows the unweighted and weighted descriptive statistics of the sample, as well as the target prevalence used in the creation of statistical weights. In brief, youth and young adults, men, residents of Quebec, less educated individuals, and lower income individuals were under represented in the survey, as were those who identified with the Liberal and Green federal political parties. Statistical weights were used to adjust for these biases, resulting in an analytic sample that closely represented the demographic characteristics of the Canadian population: 57.9% were between 31 and 64 years of age, 49.3% identified as male, 72.8% identified as white, 55.3% had received education or training beyond a high school diploma, and 54.9% had annual incomes greater than $30,000 CAD.
Table 2 shows the proportion of time interventions were selected that focused on each health condition and target audience. Programs targeting the general population were the most frequently selected (70.5%), followed by those supporting youth and young adults (68.3%), Indigenous peoples (62.1%), and seniors and older adults (57.8%). Interventions targeting migrants and refugees (40.3%), gay and bisexual men (36.1%) and transgender people (33.4%) were the least frequently selected. Figure 2 shows that as the number of life years gained for a given intervention increased, it was selected more frequently by participants. This was true for all sub-populations reviewed, though we did not test for differences in slopes. Interventions for mental health (56.0%), cancer, (53.4%), diabetes (53.2%) and heart disease (51.6%) were all selected at least half of the time, while those targeting substance use (47.7%) and HIV or other sexually transmitted infections (43.5%) were selected slightly less than half of the time they appeared.
Table 2
Proportion of time a program serving each target audience group was selected when displayed, stratified by health condition
|
% Population Selected, Overall
|
Mental Health
|
Cancer
|
Diabetes
|
Heart Disease
|
Substance Use
|
HIV & STIs
|
% Condition Selected, Overall
|
-
|
56.0
|
53.4
|
53.2
|
51.6
|
47.7
|
43.5
|
|
%
|
%
|
%
|
%
|
%
|
%
|
%
|
General Population
|
70.5
|
75.8
|
70.6
|
75.1
|
76.8
|
68.2
|
62.1
|
Youth and Young Adults
|
68.3
|
77.2
|
70.8
|
71.9
|
65.7
|
67.3
|
61.9
|
Indigenous people
|
62.1
|
66.0
|
69.2
|
68.2
|
62.4
|
60.0
|
54.1
|
Seniors and Older Adults
|
57.8
|
68.5
|
60.6
|
67.4
|
64.5
|
54.6
|
40.4
|
African, Caribbean, and Black people
|
49.6
|
51.8
|
59.7
|
57.1
|
56.8
|
42.4
|
40.2
|
People who use drugs
|
47.0
|
56.8
|
46.7
|
44.9
|
42.9
|
51.2
|
40.0
|
People who are/have been incarcerated
|
45.5
|
57.8
|
42.3
|
45.8
|
41.6
|
47.0
|
39.6
|
People living with HIV
|
45.5
|
46.2
|
51.3
|
48.9
|
48.9
|
40.3
|
43.1
|
People engaged in sex work
|
43.1
|
47.1
|
38.9
|
43.2
|
39.7
|
44.7
|
42.3
|
Migrants and refugees
|
40.3
|
45.0
|
48.4
|
41.8
|
45.8
|
31.4
|
37.9
|
Gay, bisexual, and other men who have sex with men (gbMSM)
|
36.1
|
38.7
|
40.7
|
35.7
|
38.9
|
33.9
|
33.0
|
Transgender people
|
33.4
|
42.9
|
39.3
|
36.5
|
34.9
|
28.2
|
26.3
|
Results of multivariable analyses are shown in Table 3. Selected programs were less likely to focus on prevention (vs. treatment; Adjusted Odds Ratios [aOR]= 0.87, 95% Confidence Intervals [CI] = 0.84-0.91). For each 1-year increase in the marginal years of life gained, there was a 15% increase in the odds of a program being selected (aOR = 1.15, 95% CI = 1.14-1.15). Interventions targeting African, Caribbean, and Black people (aOR = 0.56, 95% CI = 0.41-0.77); gay, bisexual, and other Men who have Sex with Men (gbMSM; aOR = 0.24, 95% CI = 0.17-0.33)); migrants and refugees (aOR = 0.26, 95% CI = 0.20-0.36); people engaged in sex work (aOR = 0.24, 95% CI = 0.18-0.33); people who are/have been incarcerated (aOR = 0.19, 95% CI = 0.14-0.26); people living with HIV (aOR = 0.52, 95% CI = 0.37-0.72); people who use drugs (aOR = 0.34, 95% CI = 0.25-0.47); and transgender people (aOR = 0.26, 95% CI = 0.19-0.36) were less likely to be selected compared with interventions targeted to the general population. Relative to interventions addressing cancer, those addressing diabetes (aOR = 1.56, 95% CI = 1.15-2.11) and heart disease (aOR = 1.75, 95% CI = 1.30-2.34) were preferred, while those addressing HIV and other STI’s had lower odds of being preferred (aOR = 0.60, 95% CI = 0.46-0.78). The program purpose and target audience interaction term revealed notable exceptions to these patterns: HIV & STI interventions for gbMSM (aOR = 1.73, 95% CI = 1.18-2.53), migrants and refugees (aOR = 1.91, 95% CI = 1.33-2.74), people engaged in sex work, (aOR = 1.78, 95% CI = 1.23-2.57), and people who are or have been incarcerated (aOR = 2.20, 95% CI = 1.53-3.16) were more likely to be selected, and HIV & STI interventions targeting seniors and older adults were less likely to be selected (aOR = 0.35, 95% CI = 0.24-0.50). Mental health interventions targeting Indigenous people (aOR = 0.62, 95% CI = 0.42-0.93), people living with HIV (aOR = 0.61, 95% CI = 0.40-0.91), and seniors/older adults (aOR = 0.61, 95% CI = 0.41-0.92) were less likely to be selected, while those targeting people who are or have been incarcerated (aOR = 2.41, 95% CI = 1.64-3.56) or who used drugs (aOR = 1.53, 95% CI = 1.03-2.28) were more likely to be selected. Similarly, substance use interventions targeted to people who are or have been incarcerated (aOR = 1.92, 95% CI = 1.33-2.77) or people who used drugs (aOR = 1.45, 95% CI = 1.00-2.11) were more likely to be selected, while those targeted to African, Caribbean, and Black people (aOR = 0.60, 95% CI = 0.41-0.87), people living with HIV (aOR = 0.58, 95% CI = 0.40-0.86), and seniors/older adults (aOR = 0.44, 95% CI = 0.30-0.65) were less likely to be selected. Finally, interventions addressing diabetes or heart disease among all marginalized groups (except people who were or had been incarcerated) were less likely to be selected