1. Subramani Parasuraman A.T.S., Yee S.W.K., Chuon B.L.C., Ren L.Y.: Smartphone usage and increased risk of mobile phone addiction: A concurrent study. International journal of pharmaceutical investigation, 7, 125, 2017 https://doi.org/10.4103/jphi.JPHI_56_17
2. UAE Digital Media Statistics 2020. 2020.
3. Alkhateeb A., Alboali R., Alharbi W., Saleh O.: Smartphone addiction and its complications related to health and daily activities among university students in Saudi Arabia: A multicenter study. Journal of Family Medicine and Primary Care, 9, 3220, 2020 https://doi.org/10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_1224_19
4. Shambare R., Rugimbana R., Zhowa T.: Are mobile phones the 21st century addiction? African Journal of Business Management, 6, 573-577, 2012 https://doi.org/10.5897/AJBM11.1940
5. Delińska L., Badowska S.: From Habitual to Compulsive Behaviour: 360 Degrees around Smartphone among the Generation Y-Empirical Study. Przegląd Organizacji, 36-45, 2019 https://doi.org/10.33141/po.2019.12.05
6. Alageel A.A., Alyahya R.A., Bahatheq Y.A., Alzunaydi N.A., Alghamdi R.A., Alrahili N.M., McIntyre R.S., Iacobucci M.: Smartphone addiction and associated factors among postgraduate students in an Arabic sample: a cross-sectional study. BMC psychiatry, 21, 1-10, 2021 https://doi.org/10.1186/s12888-021-03285-0
7. Demirci K., Akgönül M., Akpinar A.: Relationship of smartphone use severity with sleep quality, depression, and anxiety in university students. Journal of behavioral addictions, 4, 85-92, 2015 https://doi.org/10.1556/2006.4.2015.010
8. Kartal F.T., Ayhan N.Y.: Relationship between eating disorders and internet and smartphone addiction in college students. Eating and Weight Disorders-Studies on Anorexia, Bulimia and Obesity, 1-10, 2020 https://doi.org/10.1007/s40519-020-01027-x
9. Tan T., Kuek A., Goh S.E., Lee E.L., Kwok V.: Internet and smartphone application usage in eating disorders: A descriptive study in Singapore. Asian journal of psychiatry, 19, 50-55, 2016 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajp.2015.11.007
10. Randler C., Wolfgang L., Matt K., Demirhan E., Horzum M.B., Beşoluk Ş.: Smartphone addiction proneness in relation to sleep and morningness–eveningness in German adolescents. Journal of behavioral addictions, 5, 465-473, 2016 https://doi.org/10.1556/2006.5.2016.056
11. Zilberter T., Paoli A.: Metabolic Shifting: Nutrition, Exercise, and Timing. Frontiers in Nutrition, 7, 2020 https://doi.org/10.3389/fnut.2020.592863
12. Randjelovic P., Stojiljkovic N., Radulovic N., Stojanovic N., Ilic I.: Problematic smartphone use, screen time and chronotype correlations in university students. European addiction research, 27, 67-74, 2021 https://doi.org/10.1159/000506738
13. Tanahashi T., Kawai K., Tatsushima K., Saeki C., Wakabayashi K., Tamura N., Ando T., Ishikawa T.: Purging behaviors relate to impaired subjective sleep quality in female patients with anorexia nervosa: a prospective observational study. BioPsychoSocial medicine, 11, 1-8, 2017 https://doi.org/10.1186/s13030-017-0107-7
14. Kim K.R., Jung Y.-C., Shin M.-Y., Namkoong K., Kim J.-K., Lee J.-H.: Sleep disturbance in women with eating disorder: prevalence and clinical characteristics. Psychiatry Research, 176, 88-90, 2010 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychres.2009.03.021
15. Natale V., Ballardini D., Schumann R., Mencarelli C., Magelli V.: Morningness–eveningness preference and eating disorders. Personality and Individual Differences, 45, 549-553, 2008 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2008.06.014
16. Hoyt W.D., Ross S.D.: Clinical and subclinical eating disorders in counseling center clients: A prevalence study. Journal of College Student Psychotherapy, 17, 39-54, 2003 https://doi.org/10.1300/J035v17n04_06
17. Thomas J., Khan S., Abdulrahman A.A.: Eating attitudes and body image concerns among female university students in the United Arab Emirates. Appetite, 54, 595-598, 2010 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.appet.2010.02.008
18. Jahrami H., Sater M., Abdulla A., Faris M.e.A.-I., AlAnsari A.: Eating disorders risk among medical students: a global systematic review and meta-analysis. Eating and Weight Disorders-Studies on Anorexia, Bulimia and Obesity, 24, 397-410, 2019 https://doi.org/10.1007/s40519-018-0516-z
19. Liu J., Zhu L., Liu C.: Sleep Quality and Self-Control: The Mediating Roles of Positive and Negative Affects. Frontiers in Psychology, 11, 3412, 2020 https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2020.607548
20. Buysse D.J., Reynolds III C.F., Monk T.H., Berman S.R., Kupfer D.J.: The Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index: a new instrument for psychiatric practice and research. Psychiatry Research, 28, 193-213, 1989 https://doi.org/10.1016/0165-1781(89)90047-4
21. Suleiman K.H., Yates B.C., Berger A.M., Pozehl B., Meza J.: Translating the Pittsburgh sleep quality index into Arabic. Western Journal of Nursing Research, 32, 250-268, 2010 https://doi.org/10.1177/0193945909348230
22. Horne J.A., Östberg O.: A self-assessment questionnaire to determine morningness-eveningness in human circadian rhythms. International journal of chronobiology, 1976
23. Garner D.M., Olmsted M.P., Bohr Y., Garfinkel P.E.: The eating attitudes test: psychometric features and clinical correlates. Psychological medicine, 12, 871-878, 1982 https://doi.org/10.1017/S0033291700049163
24. Khaled S.M., Kimmel L., Kien Le T.: Assessing the factor structure and measurement invariance of the eating attitude test (EAT-26) across language and BMI in young Arab women. Journal of Eating Disorders, 6, 2018 https://doi.org/10.1186/s40337-018-0199-x
25. Kwon M., Kim D.-J., Cho H., Yang S.: The smartphone addiction scale: development and validation of a short version for adolescents. PLoS one, 8, e83558, 2013 https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0083558
26. Sfendla A., Laita M., Nejjar B., Souirti Z., Touhami A.A.O., Senhaji M.: Reliability of the Arabic smartphone addiction scale and smartphone addiction scale-short version in two different Moroccan samples. Cyberpsychology, Behavior, and Social Networking, 21, 325-332, 2018 https://doi.org/10.1089/cyber.2017.0411
27. Matar Boumosleh J., Jaalouk D.: Depression, anxiety, and smartphone addiction in university students-A cross sectional study. PLoS one, 12, e0182239, 2017 https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0182239
28. Barnes S.J., Pressey A.D., Scornavacca E.: Mobile ubiquity: Understanding the relationship between cognitive absorption, smartphone addiction and social network services. Computers in Human Behavior, 90, 246-258, 2019 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2018.09.013
29. Wang J.-L., Wang H.-Z., Gaskin J., Wang L.-H.: The role of stress and motivation in problematic smartphone use among college students. Computers in Human Behavior, 53, 181-188, 2015 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2015.07.005
30. AI O., MO O., BO O.: Prevalence and Determinants of Smartphone Addiction among Undergraduate Students in a Tertiary Educational Institution, Nigeria. Nigerian Journal of Medical and Dental Education, 2, 61, 2020
31. Ibrahim N.K., Baharoon B.S., Banjar W.F., Jar A.A., Ashor R.M., Aman A.A., Al-Ahmadi J.R.: Mobile phone addiction and its relationship to sleep quality and academic achievement of medical students at King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. Journal of research in health sciences, 18, e00420, 2018
32. Grenier S., Payette M.C., Gunther B., Askari S., Desjardins F.F., Raymond B., Berbiche D.: Association of age and gender with anxiety disorders in older adults: A systematic review and meta‐analysis. International journal of geriatric psychiatry, 34, 397-407, 2019https://doi.org/10.1002/gps.5035
33. Wang P.-Y., Chen K.-L., Yang S.-Y., Lin P.-H.: Relationship of sleep quality, smartphone dependence, and health-related behaviors in female junior college students. PLoS one, 14, e0214769, 2019 https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0214769
34. Suen L., Tam W., Hon K.: Association of sleep hygiene-related factors and sleep quality among university students in Hong Kong. Hong Kong Med J, 16, 180-185, 2010
35. Jahrami H., Al-Mutarid M., Penson P.E., Faris A.-I., Saif Z., Hammad L.: Intake of caffeine and its association with physical and mental health status among university students in Bahrain. Foods, 9, 473, 2020 https://doi.org/10.3390/foods9040473
36. Faris M.e.A.I.E., Jahrami H., Al‐Hilali M.M., Chehyber N.J., Ali S.O., Shahda S.D., Obaid R.S.: Energy drink consumption is associated with reduced sleep quality among college students: a cross‐sectional study. Nutrition & Dietetics, 74, 268-274, 2017 https://doi.org/10.1111/1747-0080.12289
37. Faris E.: Patterns of Caffeinated Energy Drinks Consumption among Adolescents and Adults in Hail, Saudi Arabia. Food & Nutrition Sciences, 5, 2014 https://doi.org/10.4236/fns.2014.52021
38. Rique G.L.N., Fernandes Filho G.M.C., Ferreira A.D.C., de Sousa-Munoz R.L.: Relationship between chronotype and quality of sleep in medical students at the Federal University of Paraiba, Brazil. Sleep Science, 7, 96-102, 2014 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.slsci.2014.09.004
39. Ferguson C., Kaneta L., Li A., Nelson P., Satralkar M., Lang A.: Chronotype as a predictor of academic success of university freshmen. International Journal of Psychology and Neuroscience, 4, 37-48, 2018
40. Cain N., Gradisar M.: Electronic media use and sleep in school-aged children and adolescents: A review. Sleep medicine, 11, 735-742, 2010 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sleep.2010.02.006
41. Schweizer A., Berchtold A., Barrense-Dias Y., Akre C., Suris J.-C.: Adolescents with a smartphone sleep less than their peers. European journal of pediatrics, 176, 131-136, 2017 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sleep.2010.02.006
42. Nguyen C., Murray G., Anderson S., Filipowicz A., Ingram K.K.: In vivo molecular chronotyping, circadian misalignment, and high rates of depression in young adults. Journal of affective disorders, 250, 425-431, 2019 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2019.03.050
43. Logan R.W., Hasler B.P., Forbes E.E., Franzen P.L., Torregrossa M.M., Huang Y.H., Buysse D.J., Clark D.B., McClung C.A.: Impact of sleep and circadian rhythms on addiction vulnerability in adolescents. Biological psychiatry, 83, 987-996, 2018 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biopsych.2017.11.035
44. Alwosaifer A.M., Alawadh S.A., Wahab M.M.A., Boubshait L.A., Almutairi B.A.: Eating disorders and associated risk factors among Imam Abdulrahman bin Faisal university preparatory year female students in Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Saudi medical journal, 39, 910, 2018 https://doi.org/10.15537/smj.2018.9.23314
45. Memon A.A., Adil S.E.-e.-R., Siddiqui E.U., Naeem S.S., Ali S.A., Mehmood K.: Eating disorders in medical students of Karachi, Pakistan-a cross-sectional study. BMC research notes, 5, 1-7, 2012 https://doi.org/10.1186/1756-0500-5-84
46. Ngan S.W., Chern B.C.K., Rajarathnam D.D., Balan J., Hong T.S., Tiang K.-P.: The relationship between eating disorders and stress among medical undergraduate: a cross-sectional study. Open Journal of Epidemiology, 7, 85, 2017 https://doi.org/10.4236/ojepi.2017.72008
47. Menculini G., Brufani F., Del Bello V., Moretti P., Tortorella A.: Circadian rhythms disruptions and eating disorders: clinical impact and possible psychopathological correlates. Psychiatr Danub, 31, 497-502, 2019
48. Kandeger A., Selvi Y., Tanyer D.K.: The effects of individual circadian rhythm differences on insomnia, impulsivity, and food addiction. Eating and Weight Disorders-Studies on Anorexia, Bulimia and Obesity, 24, 47-55, 2019 https://doi.org/10.1007/s40519-018-0518-x
49. Mohiti S., Rasouli A., Shiri-Shahsavar M.R., Javadi M.: Associations of Eating Disorder with Sleep Status and Anthropometric Measurements in Female Adolescents in Zanjan, Iran. Journal of Human Environment and Health Promotion, 5, 127-131, 2019 https://doi.org/10.29252/jhehp.5.3.6
50. Mofradnejad N., Aliporbirgani S., Benrazi M., Najafi Zadeh A.: The effect of evening-ness and sleep quality on eating disorder. Journal of Psychological Studies, 13, 135-152, 2017 https://doi.org/10.22051/PSY.2017.6321.
51. Espel H.M., Muratore A.F., Lowe M.R.: An investigation of two dimensions of impulsivity as predictors of loss-of-control eating severity and frequency. Appetite, 117, 9-16, 2017 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.appet.2017.06.004
52. Pérez-Rodrigo C., Gil Á., González-Gross M., Ortega R.M., Serra-Majem L., Varela-Moreiras G., Aranceta-Bartrina J.: Clustering of dietary patterns, lifestyles, and overweight among Spanish children and adolescents in the ANIBES study. Nutrients, 8, 11, 2016 https://doi.org/10.3390/nu8010011
53. Kabrita C.S., Hajjar-Muça T.A., Duffy J.F.: Predictors of poor sleep quality among Lebanese university students: association between evening typology, lifestyle behaviors, and sleep habits. Nature and Science of Sleep, 6, 11, 2014 https://doi.org/10.2147/NSS.S55538
54. Yazdi Z., Loukzadeh Z., Moghaddam P., Jalilolghadr S.: Sleep hygiene practices and their relation to sleep quality in medical students of Qazvin University of Medical Sciences. Journal of caring sciences, 5, 153, 2016 https://doi.org/10.15171/jcs.2016.016
55. Rafique N., Al-Asoom L.I., Alsunni A.A., Saudagar F.N., Almulhim L., Alkaltham G.: Effects of Mobile Use on Subjective Sleep Quality. Nature and Science of Sleep, 12, 357, 2020 https://doi.org/10.2147/NSS.S253375