Promotion of Worker’s Health in Qualitative Research Approaches: A Scoping Review

doi:10.21203/rs.2.20830/v1

Download PDF

Research article

Promotion of Worker’s Health in Qualitative Research Approaches: A Scoping Review

https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.2.20830/v1

This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License

Version 1

posted

You are reading this latest preprint version

Background

It is known that the investment in promoting health, both at the individual level and at the organizational level can bring benefits to all individuals included in this process. This Scoping Review compares the main results addressed in Brazilian qualitative researches and in other countries that addressed the topic of workers’ health promotion.

Methods

Thirty-three articles were selected for analysis from the SciELO, BVS - BDENF/Index, PubMed, and LILACS databases. Scientific articles that used a qualitative or quantitative-qualitative approach in Portuguese, English or Spanish, during the period from 2009 to the present moment of our Review (October 2019) were included. This Scoping Review was guided by Arksey and O’Malley’s framework.

Results

The literature review allowed the discussion on the following related topics: worker’s social participation in health decisions, perceptions/meanings about health promotion, working conditions and worker’s suffering, working conditions and the risk of illness, worker’s awareness, and changes in lifestyles, employers’ stereotypes about their workers and health promotion, the use of technology in health promotion interventions, the importance of communication in promoting workers’ health and social support at work for carrying out health promotion actions.

Conclusion

This study showed differences in the research analyzed and provided the mapping of the main results that may support future research and changes in worker’s health policies in general. While in Brazil, studies are still focused on workers’ perceptions about health promotion and the assessment of working conditions risks to their health, in other countries, most qualitative research has been used to assess workers’ perceptions after a given workplace health promotion intervention.

Health Policy

Infectious Diseases

Health Economics & Outcomes Research

Health Promotion

Qualitative research

Workers

The 1986 Ottawa Charter represents one of the main documents establishing the conceptual and political foundations for health promotion in the world. This document highlights the multiplicity of factors related to the health-disease process and highlights how health promotion practices deal with this multiplicity by combining the various actors (the State, the community, individuals, the health system, among other sectors of society) and strategies, making it a process based on completeness and equity.¹

In Brazil, the idea of health promotion came through the Federal Constitution of 1988². By ensuring that health was considered a right of all and a duty of the state, the promotion of this right would occur through accessible actions and services, in a universal manner, and through both social and economic policies².

An analysis by Buss and Carvalho³ on the development of health promotion in Brazil from 1988 to 2008 showed that many advances were made, both in the area of health care services (highlighting the Family Health Program), as well as public policies (such as the Family Grant Program⁴). However, the authors point out that the promotional strategies, during the period analyzed, faced bureaucratic issues of the State, in a competitive sectoral culture and the biomedical culture, still guiding the health services.

Health Promotion has been discussed in several countries, both as an intervention for changing lifestyles of communities and as a necessary health policy, given the increase in the aging population and the prevalence of chronic noncommunicable diseases⁵. It is known that the investment in promoting health, both at the individual level and at the organizational level can bring benefits to all individuals included in this process because, in addition to causing an improvement, in terms of quality of life for the worker, there is a reduction in work absenteeism⁶. With this, the workplace has become a key player in health policies^7,8.

The trend is that more workplace health promotion strategies will be planned, as workers have remained in their jobs beyond the age of 60. A study carried out to assess barriers to the implementation of occupational health promotion actions targeting an audience of age higher than 65 in European countries has already pointed to a range of obstacles, such as: lack of flexibility at work, lack of commitment of workers and employers, and absence of worker participation in the preparation of health interventions.⁹

As the discussion on worker health promotion in Brazil is still very recent, it is worth questioning which results have been elucidated in the researches carried out here and what differences they present when compared with researches from other countries.

Considering that the identification and understanding of the facilitators and barriers present in the process of consolidating a worker health promotion policy also require in-depth analysis, qualitative researches can provide valuable information. In this type of study, the researcher, in general, assumes a critical and implicated position in the process, highlighting the subjectivity and meanings recognized in the researched subjects. Interpretation by the researcher occurs in a contextualized manner with social, political, economic, cultural and historical issues¹⁰.

Due to the importance of research with this approach and the lack of research comparing the main results of qualitative studies conducted in Brazil and abroad, on the topic of occupational health promotion, this research aims to make such a comparison. These results may highlight knowledge gaps that deserve further studies, as well as may provide useful results that underpin health policies in the area.

For the conduction of this study, the Scoping Review methodology was used. This method is used when it aims to: a) identify available evidence types from a given field of study; b) clarify concepts in the literature; c) examine how research has been conducted in a particular field of study; d) identify key features of a concept; e) initiate a precursor study of a systematic review; and f) identify knowledge gaps¹¹. Thus, this methodology meets the established objective, since it will allow us to know what has already been produced in the field of worker health promotion, and the results raised here may support future systematic reviews or other studies.

The Scoping Review methodology used was that outlined by Arksey and O'Malley of the University of York, United Kingdom¹². This methodology consists of five stages:

Stage 1: Identify a survey question

Stage 2: Identify relevant studies

Stage 3: Select studies

Stage 4: Map the data

Stage 5: Classify, summarize, and report results found

The research question that guided this study was: what are the similarities and differences presented in Brazilian studies and studies from other countries, which used a qualitative approach, to study about the promotion of workers’ health?

The inclusion criteria used to select the studies were: scientific articles that used a qualitative or quantitative-qualitative approach in Portuguese, English or Spanish; articles published in the period from 2009 to the present moment of our Review (October 2019). And editorial studies (letters, comments, brief notes), experience reports, review articles, theses, dissertations and article reflections were excluded from our sample.

Initially, the search for articles was performed in the following databases: Scientific Electronic Library Online (SciELO); Virtual Health Library (BVS), with access to the Nursing Specific Database (BDENF) and the Psychology Index; and Latin American and Caribbean Health Sciences Literature (LILACS). As a strategy for localization of articles we combine the following Health Sciences Descriptors (DeCS) with their Boolean operators: (“Health Promotion”, OR “Promoción de la Salud”, OR “Health Promotion”) AND (workers, OR trabajadores, OR trabalhadores) AND (“pesquisa qualitativa” OR "qualitative research" OR “investigación cualitativa”). Next, a search was performed through the MEDLINE (Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System Online) database using the MeSH (Medical Subject Headings) terms: “Qualitative Research” AND “Health Promotion” AND Workplace.

When locating the articles, we initially read the titles and abstracts, excluding those that did not meet the established criteria. Then, the pre-selected papers were read in full and, based on this broader evaluation, they made up or not the final sample. In Figure 1, we describe this process objectively.

The articles that made up this final analysis were thoroughly read by the authors, seeking to adjust the main results brought, as well as meeting the established objective of comparing these results, evaluating possible similarities/differences. To assist in this analysis, two tables were created to facilitate the visualization of characteristics of these studies.

Brief description of selected studies

Studies conducted in Brazil

Considering the guiding question, the objective and the inclusion and exclusion criteria, 16 research articles conducted in Brazil were selected and analyzed. The main characteristics of these studies can be better seen in Table 1 (authors/year, audience investigated, objective and categories that emerged from the analysis).

Regarding the investigated audience, the majority (nine studies) addressed health professionals (doctors, nurses and community health agents). Others studied workers from different areas, such as: collectors of recyclable materials, penitentiary agents, Landless Rural Workers, musicians, market vendors and workers from port communities (Table 1).

Table 1. Summary of selected Brazilian studies

Audience investigated	Objective	Categories emerged from the analysis
Trade union representatives and various workers	Evaluate the Worker’s Health Reference Center of Ceará (CEREST-CE) based on the beliefs of union representatives and users.	Social participation
Health workers	Describe the participation of the health workers segment in the Guarulhos Municipal Health Council, identifying the factors that may constitute obstacles to their effective participation.	Social participation
Health workers	Understand the daily limits pointed out by Primary Care workers to promote their health.	Perceptions/meanings on health promotion
Health workers	Identify the perception of nursing workers about the working conditions in which they are inserted and propose measures to minimize their negative impacts on the health-disease process of these workers.	Working conditions and worker’ suffering
Recyclable material pickers	Understand the risk of work-related illness and defensive strategies in female recyclable material pickers.	Working conditions and worker’ suffering
Correctional officers	Know the working conditions of correctional officers and the impacts of labor activity exercise in their health.	Working conditions and worker’ suffering
Health workers	Identify the perception of nursing workers about self-care; describe the actions that workers perform to take care of themselves; and discuss the repercussions of self-care on the health of these workers.	Perceptions/meanings on health promotion
Port community workers	This study discusses aspects of economic development and implications for work, environment and health in communities surrounding the Pecém Industrial and Port Complex in Ceará.	Working conditions and worker’ suffering
Musicians	Investigate the risk factors present in work activity and their impact on the health of instrumental musicians of the Paraná Symphony Orchestra.	Working conditions and worker’ suffering
Landless Rural Workers	Analyze the lifestyles and meanings attributed by settlers of the Landless Rural Workers Movement (MST) to health and their relationships with work, and identify strategies developed by workers to maintain and/or promote health.	Perceptions/meanings on health promotion
Health workers	Understand how conflicts with the institution and disagreements regarding the attributions of team members are captured and reconstructed by Family Health doctors, from the perspective of “burnout.”	Working conditions and worker’ suffering
Health workers	Analyze meanings attributed by the ACS to the types, forms of reference and naming of violence experienced in daily work in the neighborhood of Candeal, Sanitary District of Brotas in the city of Salvador.	Working conditions and worker’ suffering
Market vendors	Get to know the perceptions of market vendors with high blood pressure about chronic illness.	Working conditions and worker’ suffering
Health workers	Describe the perception of community health agents about risks and injuries related to their occupational activities;	Working conditions and worker’ suffering
Health workers	Get to know the perception of family health professionals about health promotion; identify the practices adopted to promote health and the easiness and difficulties in performing such practices.	Perceptions/meanings on health promotion
Health workers	Evaluate and discuss the strategies proposed by nurses of a Teaching Hospital in the city of Rio de Janeiro for health promotion at work.	Perceptions/meanings on health promotion

Regarding the methodological aspects, it was observed that only two studies described, in the methodology, what would be the theoretical framework used to base and compare the results. The references used were: Comprehensive Sociology and Daily Life, such as postmodernity, tribe, ethics of aesthetics, powers, limits and, especially, Theoretical Assumptions and Sensitivity¹⁵; and the ergological approach to understanding “human activity”²². Regarding the methodological framework of analysis of the collected data, it is observed that most used content analysis^{13,16-19,22,25,26}; one study used speech analysis²⁰; another study used Ergonomic Analysis of Work²¹; one study²³ used the hermeneutic-dialectical approach; another²⁴ used only the hermeneutic approach; other authors²⁷ used the analysis of the Collective Subject Discourse; and, finally, two studies^14,28 did not use a specific analysis reference.

Studies conducted in other countries

Table 2 summarizes the research conducted in other countries, according to the objective, interviewed audience, and the categories that emerged from the analysis.

Table 2. Characteristics of qualitative research conducted in other countries

Authors/year	Country	Audience investigated	Objective	Categories emerged from the analysis
Agosti et al²⁹ 2019	Sweden	Nursing, social work, cooking and personal care workers	Explore the participation of women in the human services sector in the BELE Program in relation to the balance between work life and well-being	Raise awareness to change lifestyles
Agosti et al²⁹ 2019	Sweden	Nursing, social work, cooking and personal care workers		Raise awareness to change lifestyles
Allen et al³⁰ 2015	United States	Restaurant workers	Identify barriers and easiness to promote smoking cessation, physical activity and influenza vaccination in restaurants	Employers’ stereotypes; working conditions and the risk of illness
Smith et al³¹ 2017	England	Workers who performed dietary interventions in the workplace	Explore the perceptions and experiences of workers who have implemented dietary interventions at the workplace	Working conditions and the risk of illness
Liau et al³² 2014	Malaysia	Workers of the engineering sector	Explore participants’ perceptions of the quality and effectiveness of the ‘Love Your Heart’ Program	Awareness to change lifestyles; the importance of communication to promote occupational health
Hjarnoe and Leppin³³ 2014	Denmark	Chefs and kitchen assistants	The aim of this study was to examine whether a training intervention for ships cooks could improve the diet of seafarers on board and, in particular, to identify possible practical challenges on board ships of two Danish shipping companies.	Working conditions and the risk of illness
Audrey and Procter³⁴ 2015	England	Employers of various companies	Describe employers’ experiences about interventions that encourage workers to walk to work	Employers’ stereotypes
Chau et al³⁵ 2014	Australia	Office workers	Assess the acceptability, feasibility and perceptions of sit-stand workstation use in a group of office workers.	Social support at work
Narushima and Sanchez³⁶ 2014	Canada	Employers (farmers)	Explore farmers’ perceptions of occupational safety and overall health of their workers and their attitudes related to health promotion at work	Employers’ stereotypes
Pescud et al³⁷ 2015	Australia	Employers (industrial sector)	The aim of the study was to explore employers’ views about workplace health and well-being promotion and factors that affect these views.	Employers’ stereotypes
Strickland et al³⁸ 2015	United States	Trade union representatives, employers and workers	Examine workplace determinants of obesity and participation in employer-sponsored wellness programs	Working conditions and the risk of illness
Lake et al³⁹ 2016	England	Office workers	Qualitatively determine the perceived behavioral changes of participants in an intervention that offered free fruits at work	Working conditions and the risk of illness; Awareness to change lifestyles;
Quintiliani et al⁴⁰ 2012	United States	Working students	Examine influences on healthy nutrition and physical activity behavior among students	Working conditions and the risk of illness
Hammerback et al⁴¹ 2015	United States	Workers and partners of an industrial sector	Understand the attitudes of industry employees to workplace health promotion, including views on the adequacy of employer involvement in employee health and the level of interest in workplace health promotion in general and specific programs; and determine the potential for extending workplace health promotion to the spouses and partners of these workers.	Working conditions and the risk of illness; the importance of communication to promote occupational health
Hammerback et al⁴¹ 2015	United States	Workers and partners of an industrial sector
Seaton et al⁴² 2017	Canada	Diverse workers	Evaluate program acceptability reflected by employees’ engagement of and perceptions POWERPLAY and its influence in the workplace; and gather recommendations for program refinement.	Social support at work; the importance of communication to promote occupational health
Bredahl et al⁴³ 2015	Denmark	Office workers	Provide a comprehensive understanding of the motivational factors and barriers to high-intensity physical exercises in the workplace to prevent musculoskeletal disorders.	Working conditions and the risk of illness; the importance of communication to promote occupational health; social support at work
Balk-Møller, Larsen and Holm⁴⁴ 2017	Denmark	Health and social service workers	Investigate the motivation behind participation and use of virtual tools (App and Web - SoSu-Life) for workplace health promotion and explore participants’ experiences	Raise awareness to change lifestyles; Technology and its possibilities/Difficulties


Sendall et al⁴⁵ 2018	Australia	Truck drivers	Evaluate a health promotion intervention through social media (Facebook) in the Australian transport industry	Technology and its possibilities/Difficulties
Sendall et al⁴⁵ 2018	Australia	Truck drivers		Technology and its possibilities/Difficulties

Regarding the methodology of studies presented in this section, eleven were a post-intervention qualitative evaluation^{29,31,32,33,34,35,39,42,43,44,45}. Being that four used interviews and focus groups as the data collection method^29,38,44,45; three, focus groups only^30,35,37; eight, interviews only^{31,32,34,36,39,40,41,43}; and two conducted interviews and participant observation^33,42. Regarding the theoretical and/or methodological reference for data analysis, one study used the Socio-Ecological Model of Health Promotion³¹; five used the Grounded Theory^{32,36,37,39,41}; one used Phenomelogy³⁷; others, thematic analysis only^{34,38,40,42,43,44,45}. Some studies used software, such as Atlas.ti^30,40,41, or the N-Vivo^{33,35,37,38,39,42,43} to assist in the organization and analysis of data.

Studies conducted in Brazil

Social participation: an essential principle in the field of Worker’s Health

One of the selected studies evaluated the Worker’s Health Reference Center of Ceará, Brazil (CEREST-CE) based on the beliefs of union representatives and users. The authors identified that there was a lack of dissemination of CEREST-CE activities, and thus, the lack of knowledge of workers to occupy this space, which is an ally in the implementation of important policies in the area¹³.

Another study¹⁴ showed another problem related to social participation. The authors described how the participation of the workers’ segments occurred in a Municipal Health Council, however, their results pointed out that besides not being clear among those who were part of the workers’ representatives, their performance was mostly technical and minimally politicized.

It is known that social participation is crucial to bring about changes in public policies. Surveillance, protection, and health promotion practices should occur in a dialogic and participatory manner and should provide the inclusion of workers and their representatives in this process, which requires much more than the mere creation of legal provisions⁴⁶.

Working conditions and workers’ suffering

Studies covered by this topic show a diversity of factors, related to working conditions, that cause suffering to the worker. Respondents reported:

Lack of identification with the task²³;
Difficulty in interpersonal relationship with the work team^16,17,23,24;
Exposure to workplace violence^18,23,24,26;
Devaluation of the worker^18,23;
Feeling helpless, given the non-resolution of problems, which require greater State participation^18,24;
Uninterrupted work^24,26;
Lack of materials and adequate infrastructure to perform their work ^{16,17,18,21,24,26};
Unavailability of adequate food in the workplace²⁵;
Exposure to unhealthy conditions²⁶;
Alteration of family dynamics by the imposition of new production processes²⁰;
Non-participation in decision making processes^20,21;
Misalignment between new productive activities and ecological characteristics of the territory²⁰;
Repetitive work²¹;
And unpredictability of the task²¹.

The relationship between work and mental health has been increasingly studied, given the consequences to the worker and the economic sphere of a country, which loses in terms of workforce⁴⁷. Although only one of the selected studies addresses this topic specifically²³, the impact that working conditions have on their mental health is implicit in the interviewees’ speech.

Perceptions/meanings on health promotion

Understanding the workers’ meanings and perceptions about health promotion can bring elements that help in the preparation of health policies in this area, as well as evidence that its concept is not yet clear for this population. In this case, the lack of knowledge can be problematic because it becomes an obstacle to the workers’ struggle for a right already provided for in the constitution: health³.

In one of the selected studies, the main thematic category of their results concerns the time available to perform health promotion activities¹⁵. Workers reported that it was necessary to know how to manage time for physical exercises and leisure. Work enters this scenario as a restrictor to health promotion, as it is reported that there is an excessive workload, in addition to the time taken to get to the workplace.

In addition, it is observed that the perception of workers about health promotion is very focused on the individual character of actions, thus disregarding the responsibility of the State in the implementation of this public policy. This more individualistic view of health promotion also appears in other studies^19,27,28.

The study by Santos and Hennington²² shows as one of the important elements for health promotion, the meaning that the worker attributes to his work. This perspective allows the worker to avail himself as a subject endowed with desires and needs. In addition, the authors report how the difficulty of access to primary care health services in Brazil has been an obstacle for these workers to participate in health promotion actions. This result shows a failure in the health system, as health promotion and its protection must be made possible through programs and services, at different levels of care, for the entire population^3,48.

Studies conducted in other countries

Raise awareness to change lifestyles

Some selected studies allowed to identify that workers’ awareness of aspects of their life and health can motivate them to bring about changes in their lifestyles. This awareness occurred in more personal aspects of women’s lives (the double workday - in and out of the house)²⁹ but was also related to the physical health of workers^32,39,44.

Employers’ stereotypes

An important piece of data identified in this study concerns employers’ stereotypes. It was elucidated that the understanding of many about health promotion through incentives for lifestyle changes was considered very personal, and sometimes intrusive^30,34,37. In addition, for some employers, workers would not be interested in programs that promote health, given the individual characteristics of workers (for example, age)³⁴, work intensity³⁶, or that their interest would be directed to the purchase of health insurance³⁰, or interested in just making money^36,37.

Working conditions and the risk of illness

Many workers reported difficulties, present or related to work, to effect change in their lifestyle. An intense or irregular workday has been reported as barriers to physical activity^30,33,38,43. Another very common issue in this category concerns the unavailability of healthy food in the workplace^31,39,40,41. Considering that the worker spends a third or more of his day at the workplace, it is essential to have options for a balanced diet.

Social support at work

An aspect also present in the selected studies concerns the importance of social support at work. This factor was seen as facilitating the adherence of workers to health promotion interventions. The favorable organizational climate for these activities promoted a greater sense of acceptability^35,42,43.

The importance of communication to promote occupational health

When it comes to health promotion, the role of communication in this process is evident. Information needs to be clear, objective and accessible to all⁴². Therefore, some workers reported preferring to have the information shared personally^32,41,43.

Technology and its possibilities/difficulties

With the advancement of technology, interventions to promote workers’ health gained another ally. The use of applications and/or websites through smartphones, computers, or tablets can be useful tools in this area, especially when the target audience of interventions is not very available given the particularities of their work (transport sector)⁴⁵. Using these resources enables more objective and practical learning and can enable greater interaction between coworkers⁴⁴. A barrier to the use of these technologies in the workplace for health promotion concerns the cost of such equipment, but also the unfamiliarity that some workers may have with the platforms used⁴⁵.

Limitations

The present scoping review is one of the first that proposed to analyze studies with a qualitative approach with this subject, comparing results present in Brazilian research with those from other countries. Despite its specificity, there are limitations. Not all existing databases were consulted for this research. The articles selected were those that were fully available for reading. Therefore, articles that are not open to access were not analyzed. Finally, given the specificity of the objective of this research, only studies with qualitative approach were analyzed.

Recommendations for future work

Considering that other research approaches may bring important results for the advancement of the worker health promotion policy, future researches should cover other methodologies. In addition, as noted in this review, many qualitative surveys have been conducted to evaluate workplace health promotion interventions, so further research could focus on participant adherence and the impact of these interventions. Finally, given the increased use of technology in health interventions, other reviews could focus on this specific tool to highlight the advantages and limitations in the various work scenarios.

This study identified a wide range of discussion categories based on the 33 selected articles. It was possible to realize that while in Brazil, studies are still focused on workers’ perceptions about health promotion and the assessment of working conditions risks to their health, in other countries, most qualitative research has been used to assess workers’ perceptions after a given workplace health promotion intervention.

Moreover, in Brazil, qualitative research has pointed out the difficulties present in the participatory process of workers in health decisions and the characteristics of the work process potentially causing suffering. In other countries, the discussion has covered the use of technologies in the health promotion process and the employers’ perception in the implementation of these strategies, and the stereotypes present have been investigated.

Thus, this Scoping Review allowed us to map the differences/similarities of these researches and it is hoped that the results presented here will serve as a basis for future studies and enable changes in policies to promote worker’s health. The success of interventions in the field of worker’s health depends on the particularities of each demand and, of course, on the particularities of the workers themselves.

BDENF Nursing Specific Database

BVS Virtual Health Library

CEREST Worker’s Health Reference Center

CE Ceará/Brazil

DeCS Health Sciences Descriptors

LILACS Latin American and Caribbean Health Sciences Literatura

MEDLINE Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System Online

MeSH Medical Subject Headings

SciELO Scientific Eletronic Library Online

Ethics approval and consent to participate

Not applicable

Consent for publication

Not applicable

Availability of data and materials

The datasets supporting the conclusions of this article are included within the article and its additional files.

Competing interests

The authors declare that they have no competing interests.

Funding

This research was funded by the René Rachou Institute - Fiocruz Minas.

The institute was responsible for funding the process of translating this manuscript.

Authors’ contributions

GASC conceived the study, developed and carried out the academic literature search, analyzed all selected articles, and wrote the manuscript. FGO analyzed the results and assisted in the revision of the manuscript. CMM conceived the study, analyzed the results, and assisted in the review of the manuscript. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.

Acknowledgments

This study was conducted as part of the main author's doctoral thesis and was supported by the René Rachou Institute - Fiocruz Minas, located in Brazil. For this reason, the authors thank the institution for all their collaboration. The content of this paper is solely the responsibility of the authors and does not necessarily represent the official view of their employing institution.

Brasil. Ministério da Saúde. As Cartas de Promoção da Saúde [Internet]. Brasília: Ministério da Saúde, 2002. Available at: www.saude.gov.br/bvs/conf_tratados.html.
Constituição (1988). Constituição da República Federativa do Brasil. Brasília, DF: Senado Federal; 1988 [citado 30 mar 2019]. Available at: http://www.planalto.gov.br/ccivil_03/constituicao/constituicao.htm
Buss PM, Carvalho AI de. Desenvolvimento da promoção da saúde no Brasil nos últimos vinte anos (1988-2008). Ciênc Saúde Coletiva. dezembro de 2009;14:2305–16.
Hawe P, Degeling D, Hall J. Evaluating Health Promotion. A Health Worker's Guide. Sydney, Australia: MacLennan and Petty, 1995.
Pieper C, Schröer S, Eilerts A-L. Evidence of Workplace Interventions - Systematic Review of Systematic Reviews. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. Janeiro de 2019;16(19):3553.
Proper KI, van Oostrom SH. The effectiveness of workplace health promotion interventions on physical and mental health outcomes – a systematic review of reviews. Scandinavian Journal of Work, Environment & Health.
World Health Organization (WHO). Preventing Noncommunicable Diseases in the Workplace through Diet and Physical Activity. Geneva: WHO / World Economic Forum 2008.
Rasella D, Aquino R, Santos CA, Paes-Sousa R, Barreto ML. Effect of a conditional cash transfer program on childhood mortality: a nationwide analysis of Brazilian municipalities. The Lancet. 06 de julho de 2013;382(9886):57–64.
Gomez CM, Vasconcellos LCF de, Machado JMH. Saúde do trabalhador: aspectos históricos, avanços e desafios no Sistema Único de Saúde. Ciênc Saúde Coletiva. junho de 2018;23:1963–70.
Creswell, JW. O projeto de um estudo qualitativo. In: Creswell, JW. Investigação qualitativa e projeto de pesquisa. Porto Alegre: Penso; 2014. p.48-66.
Munn Z, Peters MDJ, Stern C, Tufanaru C, McArthur A, Aromataris E. Systematic review or scoping review? Guidance for authors when choosing between a systematic or scoping review approach. BMC Medical Research Methodology. November 19, 2018;18(1):143.
Arksey H, O’Malley L: Scoping studies: towards a methodological framework. Int J Soc Res Methodol. 2005, 8 (1): 19-32. 10.1080/1364557032000119616. doi:10.1080/1364557032000119616
Leônidas SR, Melo C de F. Avaliação do Centro de Referência em Saúde do Trabalhador Cearense pelos Usuários e Representante dos Sindicatos. Psico-USF. março de 2018;23(1):127–38.
Kezh NH de P, Bógus CM, Martins CL. Entraves à participação social dos representantes dos trabalhadores no conselho municipal de saúde. Saúde E Soc. dezembro de 2016;25(4):950–63.
Michelin SR, Nitschke RG, Tholl AD, Laureano DD, Silva KM, Potrich T. O quotidiano dos trabalhadores da atenção básica: limites para a promoção da saúde. Ciênc Cuid Saúde [Internet]. 2016 [citado 22 de setembro de 2019];15(4). Available at: http://www.periodicos.uem.br/ojs/index.php/CiencCuidSaude/article/view/32600
Shoji S, Souza NVD de O, Farias SNP, Vieira MLC, Progianti JM. Proposta de melhoria das condições de trabalho em uma unidade ambulatorial: perspectiva da enfermagem. Esc Anna Nery. junho de 2016;20(2):303–9.
Coelho APF, Beck CLC, Fernandes MN da S, Prestes FC, Silva RM da. Risco de adoecimento relacionado ao trabalho e estratégias defensivas de mulheres catadoras de materiais recicláveis. Esc Anna Nery [Internet]. 2016 [citado 22 de setembro de 2019];20(3). Available at: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&pid=S1414-81452016000300220&lng=en&nrm=iso&tlng=pt
Jaskowiak CR, Fontana RT. O trabalho no cárcere: reflexões acerca da saúde do agente penitenciário. Rev Bras Enferm. abril de 2015;68(2):235–43.
Ferreira ES, Souza MB de, Souza NVD de O, Tavares KFA, Pires A da S. A relevância do cuidado de si para profissionais de enfermagem. Ciênc Cuid Saúde. 2015;14(1):978–92.
Bezerra M das GV, Rigotto RM, Pessoa VM, Silva FVE da. Implicações do desenvolvimento econômico no trabalho, ambiente e saúde em comunidades portuárias no Ceará, Brasil. Ciênc Saúde Coletiva. outubro de 2014;19(10):4023–30.
Lima J, Simonelli AP. Análise ergonômica da atividade dos músicos da Orquestra Sinfônica do Paraná: fatores de risco e cargas de trabalho/ Ergonomic activity analysis of the musicians of the Symphony Orchestra of Paraná state: risk factors and workloads. Cad Bras Ter Ocupacional [Internet]. 28 de abril de 2014 [citado 22 de setembro de 2019];22(1). Available at: http://www.cadernosdeterapiaocupacional.ufscar.br/index.php/cadernos/article/view/614
Santos JCB dos, Hennington ÉA. Aqui ninguém domina ninguém: sentidos do trabalho e produção de saúde para trabalhadores de assentamento do Movimento dos Trabalhadores Rurais Sem Terra. Cad Saúde Pública. agosto de 2013;29(8):1595–604.
Feliciano KV de O, Kovacs MH, Sarinho SW. Burnout entre médicos da Saúde da Família: os desafios da transformação do trabalho. Ciênc Amp Saúde Coletiva. agosto de 2011;16(8):3373–82.
Souza LJR de, Freitas M do CS de. O agente comunitário de saúde: violência e sofrimento no trabalho a céu aberto. Rev Baiana Saúde Pública [Internet]. março de 2011 [citado 22 de setembro de 2019];35(1). Available at: http://bases.bireme.br/cgibin/wxislind.exe/iah/online/?IsisScript=iah/iah.xis&src=google&base=LILACS&lang=p&nextAction=lnk&exprSearch=593632&indexSearch=ID
Silva SRA da, Amorim R da C, Almeida AM de. Percepção de feirantes hipertensos sobre o adoecer crônico [Hypertensive street market vendors’ perceptions of chronic illness]. Rev Enferm UERJ. 2015;23(6):761–6.
Gomes MF, Lima A da SR de, Feitosa L dos S, Pontes Netto VB, Nascimento RD do, Andrade MS. Riscos e agravos ocupacionais: percepções dos agentes comunitários de saúde. Rev Pesqui Cuid Fundam Online. outubro de 2015;7(4):3574–86.
Lopes M do SV, Machado M de FAS, Barroso LMM, Macêdo EMT, Costa RP da, Furtado LC de S. Promoção da saúde na percepção de profissionais da Estratégia Saúde da Família. Rev Rene [Internet]. 27 de fevereiro de 2013 [citado 22 de setembro de 2019];14(1). Available at: http://periodicos.ufc.br/rene/article/view/3327
Magalhães NAC, Farias SNP de, Mauro MYC, Araujo FF de, Domingos AM. Promoção da saúde do trabalhador de enfermagem e os aspectos determinantes para a qualidade de vida no trabalho. Rev Enferm UFPE Line. maio de 2011;5(3):586–92.
Agosti MT, Andersson I, Bringsén Å, Janlöv A-C. “The importance of awareness, support and inner strength to balance everyday life” - a qualitative study about women’s experiences of a workplace health promotion program in human service organizations in Sweden. BMC Womens Health [Internet]. 10 de janeiro de 2019 [citado 6 de outubro de 2019];19. Available at: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6327387/
Allen CL, Hammerback K, Harris JR, Hannon PA, Parrish AT. Feasibility of Workplace Health Promotion for Restaurant Workers, Seattle, 2012. Prev Chronic Dis [Internet]. 8 de outubro de 2015 [citado 6 de outubro de 2019];12. Available at: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4599055/
Smith SA, Visram S, O’Malley C, Summerbell C, Araujo-Soares V, Hillier-Brown F, et al. Designing equitable workplace dietary interventions: perceptions of intervention deliverers. BMC Public Health [Internet]. 16 de outubro de 2017 [citado 6 de outubro de 2019];17. Available at: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5644102/
Liau S, Hassali MA, Shafie AA, Ibrahim MM. Assessing quality of a worksite health promotion program from participants’ views: findings from a qualitative study in Malaysia. Health Expect. fevereiro de 2014;17(1):116–28.
Hjarnoe L, Leppin A. What does it take to get a healthy diet at sea? A maritime study of the challenges of promoting a healthy lifestyle at the workplace at sea. International Maritime Health. 2014;65(2):79–86.
Audrey S, Procter S. Employers’ views of promoting walking to work: a qualitative study. Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act [Internet]. 11 de fevereiro de 2015 [citado 16 de outubro de 2019];12. Available at: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4344752/
Chau JY, Daley M, Srinivasan A, Dunn S, Bauman AE, van der Ploeg HP. Desk-based workers’ perspectives on using sit-stand workstations: a qualitative analysis of the Stand@Work study. BMC Public Health [Internet]. 25 de julho de 2014 [citado 6 de outubro de 2019];14. Available at: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4125698/
Narushima M, Sanchez AL. Employers’ paradoxical views about temporary foreign migrant workers’ health: a qualitative study in rural farms in Southern Ontario. Int J Equity Health [Internet]. 10 de setembro de 2014 [citado 6 de outubro de 2019];13. Available at: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4159545/
Pescud M, Teal R, Shilton T, Slevin T, Ledger M, Waterworth P, et al. Employers’ views on the promotion of workplace health and wellbeing: a qualitative study. BMC Public Health [Internet]. 11 de julho de 2015 [citado 6 de outubro de 2019];15. Available at: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4499225/
Strickland JR. Enhancing Workplace Wellness Efforts to Reduce Obesity: A Qualitative Study of Low-Wage Workers in St Louis, Missouri, 2013-2014. Prev Chronic Dis [Internet]. 2015 [citado 16 de outubro de 2019];12. Available at: https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2015/14_0405.htm
Lake AA, Smith SA, Bryant CE, Alinia S, Brandt K, Seal CJ, et al. Exploring the dynamics of a free fruit at work intervention. BMC Public Health [Internet]. 19 de agosto de 2016 [citado 6 de outubro de 2019];16. Available at: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4992262/
Quintiliani LM, Bishop HL, Greaney ML, Whiteley JA. Factors across home, work, and school domains influence nutrition and physical activity behaviors of nontraditional college students. Nutr Res. outubro de 2012;32(10):757–63.
Hammerback K, Hannon PA, Harris JR, Clegg-Thorp C, Kohn M, Parrish A. Perspectives on workplace health promotion among employees in low-wage industries. Am J Health Promot. 2015;29(6):384–92.
Seaton CL, Bottorff JL, Oliffe JL, Jones-Bricker M, Caperchione CM, Johnson ST, et al. Acceptability of the POWERPLAY Program: A Workplace Health Promotion Intervention for Men. Am J Mens Health. novembro de 2017;11(6):1809–22.
Bredahl TVG, Særvoll CA, Kirkelund L, Sjøgaard G, Andersen LL. When Intervention Meets Organisation, a Qualitative Study of Motivation and Barriers to Physical Exercise at the Workplace [Internet]. The Scientific World Journal. 2015 [citado 16 de outubro de 2019]. Available at: https://www.hindawi.com/journals/tswj/2015/518561/
Balk-Møller NC, Larsen TM, Holm L. Experiences From a Web- and App-Based Workplace Health Promotion Intervention Among Employees in the Social and Health Care Sector Based on Use-Data and Qualitative Interviews. J Med Internet Res [Internet]. 19 de outubro de 2017 [citado 6 de outubro de 2019];19(10). Available at: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5668633/
Sendall MC, McCosker LK, Crane P, Rowland B, Fleming M, Biggs HC. Using Facebook for Health Promotion in “Hard-to-Reach” Truck Drivers: Qualitative Analysis. J Med Internet Res [Internet]. 1º de novembro de 2018 [citado 6 de outubro de 2019];20(11). Available at: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6238102/
Souza KR de, Bonfatti RJ, Santos MBM dos. Participação Social, Vigilância em Saúde do Trabalhador e Serviço Público. Trab Educ E Saúde. agosto de 2015;13(2):261–82.
Guimarães LAM, Grubits S. Série saúde mental e trabalho. Casa do Psicólogo; 2004.
Law nº 8080 of September 19^th, 1990. Provides for the conditions for the promotion, protection and recovery of health, the organization and operation of the related services, and other measures. [quoted March 30^th, 2019]. Available at: http://www.planalto.gov.br/ccivil_03/leis/L8080.htm

Download PDF

Version 1

posted

You are reading this latest preprint version

Promotion of Worker’s Health in Qualitative Research Approaches: A Scoping Review

Status:

Version 1

Abstract

Figures

Background

Methods

Results

Discussion

Conclusions

List of Abbreviations

Declarations

References

Status:

Version 1