The most common material for generations as solar cell as nanostructure and high storage like nanobatteries selected according to durable, low-cost, and eco-friendly depends on the crystal structure features of the materials [1–5]. Titanium dioxide TiO2 (Titania) is one of the most inexpensive, non-toxic, environmentally friendly and highly efficient semiconductor materials for many applications, including energy and environmental due to its strong oxidizing ability, high resistance to photochemical corrosion and high efficiency in decomposing pollutants that accumulate on surfaces Such as roofs of buildings or windows and surfaces of olfactory cells that affect their efficiency in the future. Nanotechnology, especially using nanostructures such as titanium, provides self-cleaning, transparent and highly conductive surfaces [1, 2]. TiO2 has three crystalline structures: brookite, anatase, and rutile [7]. In addition, particle size plays an important role in nanocrystals for the functioning of solar cells on TiO2. The nanostructured surfaces provide a large surface area, which allows increasing the activity of high absorption of sunlight effects on the recombination dynamics e_/h +, adsorption amount of reaction types and adsorption rate [5- 6]. TiO2, WO3 and ZnO have received wide attention lately due to its unique and important properties, Making it great and wide applications in various fields. Suitable for use in photovoltaic elements, dielectrics, capacitors, or gates in photovoltage solar cells, microelectronic devices, biosensors, position sensor anti-reflection coatings, photonic crystal, and photo guides [3], metal-based devices, nano random lasers, and other similar applications [7–11]. Due to the particular qualities of TiO2 films with distinct crystal structure, orientation, or shape, controlling TiO2 films structure during growth is essential. TiO2 films have been created using a variety of techniques, including rotary coating, pulsed laser deposition, anodizing, oxygen plasma-assisted molecular beam amplification. PLD technology, for example, has been extensively utilized to build oxide films because it enables the stoichiometry of the composite material to be achieved. Because the Si substrate is extensively utilized in semiconductor manifacturing, the development of TiO2 films on Si by PLD has piqued the curiosity of many researchers and industry professionals' curiosity. TiO2 nanostructure is a one-of-a-kind material with a greater bandgap of 3.2 eV than rutile, with a bandgap of 3 eV. Because of their various features, such as high refractive index, broad bandgap, and resilience to physical and chemical effects [11, 12], anatase and rutile bulk offer potential for use in sensing applications[5].
The electric symmetry in solar cells is used to transport electrons away from the proximity of their initial state, so preventing the relaxation of the cell's electrochemical properties. This results in an energy transfer to excited electrons from photons. The energy transferred to excited electrons increases potential difference, which may be utilized to drive current via an external circuit [13–25].
In the present study, the pure Titanium oxide (TiO2) nanostructures on glass substrate were synthesized by pulsed laser deposition (PLD) at different temperatures was prepared. Also, evaluation of the relationship between optical and physical properties (optical constants, energy band gap, density and porosity, and refractive index,) of TiO2 thin films have been estimated.