Comparative transcriptome analysis reveals the mechanism of cross-protection against Verticillium wilt conferred on sunflower by hypovirulent strain Gibellulopsis nigrescens Vn-1
Background: Hypovirulent fungal strain Gibellulopsis nigrescens Vn-1 cross-protects sunflower against Verticillium wilt. To discover the mechanism of cross-protection by this hypovirulent strain, we analyzed defense enzyme activities and transcriptomes of root samples infected with virulent and hypovirulent strains.
Results: Defense enzyme activities increased after inoculation, with the highest levels observed 24 h post-inoculation. At the same time, defense enzyme gene expressions were upregulated, and H2O2 accumulation decreased. A comparative transcriptome analysis revealed that three specific oxidoreductase-related GO terms were significantly enriched in the Vn-1 group compared with the control. In addition, 33 resistance genes and 160 susceptibility genes were predicted. Seven transcription factors (TFs), two phytohormone response factors, two E3 ubiquitin-protein ligases, two CCR4-associated factor 1 proteins, and two predicted leucine repeat rich (LRR) receptors were found to contribute to the conferral of resistance on sunflower.
Conclusions: According to our results, hypovirulent strain G. nigrescens Vn-1 can reduce levels of reactive oxygen species in sunflower induced by infection with virulent strains such as V. dahliae V33 by regulating HaCAT expression. Furthermore, multiple resistance-related TFs, phytohormones, and receptors contribute to the formation of specific resistance against virulent strain V. dahliae V33.
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Fig S1. Heat map of DEGs involved in three KEGG pathways These KEGG pathway (Alanine, aspartate and glutamate metabolism, Ribosome and Cutin, suberine and wax biosynthesis) only enriched in Vn-1 vs. V33 comparison group.
Fig S1. Heat map of DEGs involved in three KEGG pathways These KEGG pathway (Alanine, aspartate and glutamate metabolism, Ribosome and Cutin, suberine and wax biosynthesis) only enriched in Vn-1 vs. V33 comparison group.
Fig S2. Heat map of DEGs involved in seven KEGG pathways These seven KEGG pathway enriched in V33 vs. CK comparison group, not in Vn-1 vs. CK comparison group.
Fig S2. Heat map of DEGs involved in seven KEGG pathways These seven KEGG pathway enriched in V33 vs. CK comparison group, not in Vn-1 vs. CK comparison group.
Fig S3. Predicted conserved domains of two receptors
Fig S3. Predicted conserved domains of two receptors
Posted 15 Dec, 2020
On 25 Jan, 2021
On 25 Jan, 2021
Received 20 Jan, 2021
Received 20 Jan, 2021
Received 20 Jan, 2021
Received 20 Jan, 2021
Received 20 Jan, 2021
Received 20 Jan, 2021
Received 20 Jan, 2021
Received 20 Jan, 2021
Received 20 Jan, 2021
On 06 Jan, 2021
On 06 Jan, 2021
On 06 Jan, 2021
On 06 Jan, 2021
On 06 Jan, 2021
On 06 Jan, 2021
On 06 Jan, 2021
On 06 Jan, 2021
On 06 Jan, 2021
On 06 Jan, 2021
On 06 Jan, 2021
On 06 Jan, 2021
On 06 Jan, 2021
Invitations sent on 06 Jan, 2021
On 04 Jan, 2021
On 14 Dec, 2020
On 14 Dec, 2020
On 04 Dec, 2020
Comparative transcriptome analysis reveals the mechanism of cross-protection against Verticillium wilt conferred on sunflower by hypovirulent strain Gibellulopsis nigrescens Vn-1
Posted 15 Dec, 2020
On 25 Jan, 2021
On 25 Jan, 2021
Received 20 Jan, 2021
Received 20 Jan, 2021
Received 20 Jan, 2021
Received 20 Jan, 2021
Received 20 Jan, 2021
Received 20 Jan, 2021
Received 20 Jan, 2021
Received 20 Jan, 2021
Received 20 Jan, 2021
On 06 Jan, 2021
On 06 Jan, 2021
On 06 Jan, 2021
On 06 Jan, 2021
On 06 Jan, 2021
On 06 Jan, 2021
On 06 Jan, 2021
On 06 Jan, 2021
On 06 Jan, 2021
On 06 Jan, 2021
On 06 Jan, 2021
On 06 Jan, 2021
On 06 Jan, 2021
Invitations sent on 06 Jan, 2021
On 04 Jan, 2021
On 14 Dec, 2020
On 14 Dec, 2020
On 04 Dec, 2020
Background: Hypovirulent fungal strain Gibellulopsis nigrescens Vn-1 cross-protects sunflower against Verticillium wilt. To discover the mechanism of cross-protection by this hypovirulent strain, we analyzed defense enzyme activities and transcriptomes of root samples infected with virulent and hypovirulent strains.
Results: Defense enzyme activities increased after inoculation, with the highest levels observed 24 h post-inoculation. At the same time, defense enzyme gene expressions were upregulated, and H2O2 accumulation decreased. A comparative transcriptome analysis revealed that three specific oxidoreductase-related GO terms were significantly enriched in the Vn-1 group compared with the control. In addition, 33 resistance genes and 160 susceptibility genes were predicted. Seven transcription factors (TFs), two phytohormone response factors, two E3 ubiquitin-protein ligases, two CCR4-associated factor 1 proteins, and two predicted leucine repeat rich (LRR) receptors were found to contribute to the conferral of resistance on sunflower.
Conclusions: According to our results, hypovirulent strain G. nigrescens Vn-1 can reduce levels of reactive oxygen species in sunflower induced by infection with virulent strains such as V. dahliae V33 by regulating HaCAT expression. Furthermore, multiple resistance-related TFs, phytohormones, and receptors contribute to the formation of specific resistance against virulent strain V. dahliae V33.
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