[1] Ekelund U, Steene-Johannessen J, Brown WJ, Fagerland MW, Owen N, Powell KE, et al. Does physical activity attenuate, or even eliminate, the detrimental association of sitting time with mortality? A harmonised meta-analysis of data from more than 1 million men and women. The Lancet. 2016;388:1302–10. doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(16)30370-1.
[2] Bize R, Johnson JA, Plotnikoff RC. Physical activity level and health-related quality of life in the general adult population: A systematic review. Preventive Medicine. 2007;45:401–15. doi:10.1016/j.ypmed.2007.07.017.
[3] Ding D, Lawson KD, Kolbe-Alexander TL, Finkelstein EA, Katzmarzyk PT, van Mechelen W, et al. The economic burden of physical inactivity: a global analysis of major non-communicable diseases. The Lancet. 2016;388:1311–24. doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(16)30383-x.
[4] Guthold R, Stevens GA, Riley LM, Bull FC. Worldwide trends in insufficient physical activity from 2001 to 2016: a pooled analysis of 358 population-based surveys with 1·9 million participants. The Lancet Global Health. 2018;6:e1077–86. doi:10.1016/s2214-109x(18)30357-7.
[5] Hales CM, Carroll MD, Fryar CD, Ogden CL. Prevalence of obesity and severe obesity among adults: United States, 2017–2018. NCHS Data Brief, no 360. Hyattsville, MD: National Center for Health Statistics . 2020. https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/databriefs/db360-h.pdf.
[6] Moore JX, Chaudhary N, Akinyemiju T. Metabolic Syndrome Prevalence by Race/Ethnicity and Sex in the United States, National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 1988–2012. Prev Chronic Dis. 2017;14. doi:10.5888/pcd14.160287.
[7] Zhang J, Oh YJ, Lange P, Yu Z, Fukuoka Y. Artificial Intelligence Chatbot Behavior Change Model for Designing Artificial Intelligence Chatbots to Promote Physical Activity and a Healthy Diet. J Med Internet Res. 2020;22:e22845. doi:10.2196/22845.
[8] Laranjo L, Dunn AG, Tong HL, Kocaballi AB, Chen J, Bashir R, et al. Conversational agents in healthcare: a systematic review. 2018;25:1248–58. doi:10.1093/jamia/ocy072.
[9] Pereira J, Díaz Ó. Using Health Chatbots for Behavior Change: A Mapping Study. J Med Syst. 2019;43. doi:10.1007/s10916-019-1237-1.
[10] Miner AS, Laranjo L, Kocaballi AB. Chatbots in the fight against the COVID-19 pandemic. npj Digit Med. 2020;3. doi:10.1038/s41746-020-0280-0.
[11] Gentner T, Neitzel T, Schulze J, Buettner R. A Systematic Literature Review of Medical Chatbot Research from a Behavior Change Perspective. 2020. doi:10.1109/compsac48688.2020.0-172.
[12] Vaidyam AN, Wisniewski H, Halamka JD, Kashavan MS, Torous JB. Chatbots and Conversational Agents in Mental Health: A Review of the Psychiatric Landscape. Can J Psychiatry. 2019;:070674371982897. doi:10.1177/0706743719828977.
[13] Preferred reporting items for systematic review and meta-analysis protocols (PRISMA-P) 2015: elaboration and explanation. BMJ. 2016;:i4086. doi:10.1136/bmj.i4086.
[14] Schardt C, Adams MB, Owens T, Keitz S, Fontelo P. Utilization of the PICO framework to improve searching PubMed for clinical questions. BMC Med Inform Decis Mak. 2007;7. doi:10.1186/1472-6947-7-16.
[15] Higgins JPT, Thomas J, Chandler J, Cumpston M, Li T, Page MJ, Welch VA (editors). Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions version 6.1 (updated September 2020). Cochrane, 2020. Available from www.training.cochrane.org/handbook.
[16] Wells GA, Shea B, O’Connell D, Peterson J, Welch V, Losos M, et al. The Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS) for assessing the quality of nonrandomised studies in meta-analyses. Ottawa: Ottawa Hospital Research Institute; 2018. http://www.ohri.ca/programs/clinical_epidemiology/oxford.asp. Accessed 21 Oct 2020.
[17] Sterne JAC, Savović J, Page MJ, Elbers RG, Blencowe NS, Boutron I, et al. RoB 2: a revised tool for assessing risk of bias in randomised trials. BMJ. 2019;:l4898. doi:10.1136/bmj.l4898.
[18] Morrison A, Polisena J, Husereau D, Moulton K, Clark M, Fiander M, et al. The effect of English-language restriction on systematic review-based meta-analyses: a systematic review of empirical studies. Int J Technol Assess Health Care . 2012;28:138–44. doi:10.1017/s0266462312000086.
[19] Jüni P, Holenstein F, Sterne J, Bartlett C, Egger M. Direction and impact of language bias in meta-analyses of controlled trials: empirical study. 2002;31:115–23. doi:10.1093/ije/31.1.115.