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Research Article
Corona children studies "Co-Ki": First results of a Germany-wide registry on mouth and nose covering (mask) in children
David Martin
University of Witten/Herdecke
Corresponding Author
License:
This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License. Read Full License
Declarations:
Declarations
- This study involved human subjects.
- The author confirmed that all appropriate ethical guidelines for the use of human subjects have been followed, any necessary IRB and/or ethics committee review has been obtained, and information about the IRB/ethics committee is included in the manuscript.
- The author has confirmed that all necessary patient/participant consent or assent has been obtained and the appropriate institutional forms have been archived. If the IRB/ethics committee waived the requirement for patient/participant consent or assent, an explanation for the waiver is included in the text.
- The author has confirmed that a statement listing potential conflicts of interest or lack thereof is included in the text.
The most recent version of this article is available here.
EDITORIAL NOTE:
This study is based on a survey regarding the adverse effects of mask wearing in children. Due to multiple limitations, this study cannot demonstrate a causal relationship between mask wearing and the reported adverse effects in children. Most of the respondents were parents, and the survey was distributed preferentially in social media forums that, according to the authors, “criticize the government’s corona protection measures in principle”. The limitations of the study include sampling bias, reporting bias, and confounding bias as well as lack of a control group. The use of masks, together with other precautionary measures, significantly reduces the spread of COVID-19 and is considered safe for children over the age of two years old.
Background: Narratives about complaints in children and adolescents caused by wearing a mask are accumulating. There is, to date, no registry for side effects of masks.
Methods: At the University of Witten/Herdecke an online registry has been set up where parents, doctors, pedagogues and others can enter their observations. On 20.10.2020, 363 doctors were asked to make entries and to make parents and teachers aware of the registry.
Results: By 26.10.2020 the registry had been used by 20,353 people. In this publication we report the results from the parents, who entered data on a total of 25,930 children. The average wearing time of the mask was 270 minutes per day. Impairments caused by wearing the mask were reported by 68% of the parents. These included irritability (60%), headache (53%), difficulty concentrating (50%), less happiness (49%), reluctance to go to school/kindergarten (44%), malaise (42%) impaired learning (38%) and drowsiness or fatigue (37%).
Discussion: This world's first registry for recording the effects of wearing masks in children is dedicated to a new research question. Bias with respect to preferential documentation of children who are particularly severely affected or who are fundamentally critical of protective measures cannot be dismissed. The frequency of the registry’s use and the spectrum of symptoms registryed indicate the importance of the topic and call for representative surveys, randomized controlled trials with various masks and a renewed risk-benefit assessment for the vulnerable group of children: adults need to collecticely reflect the circumstances under which they would be willing to take a residual risk upon themselves in favor of enabling children to have a higher quality of life without having to wear a mask.
Keywords
Mouth and nose protection, community masks, mask obligation, pediatrics, COVID-19
Figure 1
Sam McLone
commented on 05 January, 2021
Bigtree's video should be ignored, that goes for all the other ones that use the "stick a sensor in a mask and take a reading" videos. They are invariably using sensors that will not operate in the environment under a mask, and that will not operate in the varying pressure under a mask.
Vero Sercanto
commented on 05 January, 2021
Were there any mentions of how the mask causes irritation to the skin. I get this after barely an hours use of the mask to the point I want to take it off.
Jeaneen
commented on 05 January, 2021
No one will listen! I sometimes think they like wearing masks!
View 1 reply
Matthew Hurst
commented on 06 January, 2021
I am glad to see this study. The use of masks has bothered me for two reasons: 1) Potential Cognitive Harm: Randomized, Controlled studies on slightly elevated CO2 levels of 1000 to 2500 ppm show significant decreases in cognitive functioning. The long-term implications for this are unclear. 2) Little to no Benefit: Non-medical masks have been shown to block droplets, but actually increase fine aerosol emissions. Even medical grade surgical masks are equivocal in randomized, controlled studies. The masks seem more designed to show something is being done than to actually reduce virus transmission. It seems that the health of school children is possibly being harmed to give the appearance of doing something. References: CO2: 1) News Article on This Study: Savchuk, K. "Your Brain on Carbon Dioxide: Research Finds Even Low Levels of Indoor CO2 Impair Thinking." California Magazine (2016). https://alumni.berkeley.edu/california-magazine/summer-2016-welcome-there/your-brain-carbon-dioxide-research-finds-even-low 2) Satish, U., Mendell, M., et al. Is CO2 an Indoor Pollutant? Direct Effects of Low-to-Moderate CO2 Concentrations on Human Decision-Making Performance Environmental Health Perspectives, 120:12 (2012) https://doi.org/10.1289/ehp.1104789. 3) Allen, J.G., MacNaughton, P.et al. Associations of Cognitive Function Scores with Carbon Dioxide, Ventilation, and Volatile Organic Compound Exposures in Office Workers: A Controlled Exposure Study of Green and Conventional Office Environments. Environmental Health Perspectives, Vol 124, No 6, (2016). https://doi.org/10.1289/ehp.1510037 Lack of Effectiveness: 4) https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=3349234
View 2 replies
Barbara McKenzie
replied on 11 February, 2021
Thanks for the references. In Greece masks are compulsory from pre-school (three years old). It's incredible.
Silvia Rojas Reyes
replied on 20 February, 2021
Thank you very much for your very good commentary and for the reference that are important, I will share this information with many as I can. Thank you again.
Steve Katasi
commented on 06 January, 2021
Table 2 Table Headings need correction, as each column has the (Total age group) heading
Robert
commented on 06 January, 2021
you should fire your safety officers, because their measuring methodology is wrong and amateuristic. If you breath out, theres a lack of oxygen in your mouth and behind the mask. When you breath in, new air is attracted due to vaccuum and mixed with the air in your mouth and behind the mask to your lungs where is comes together. In the lungs the air mixes. From the oxygen in your lungs approx 30% is used, the rest is exhaled again. p.s. fire your safety officers
View 1 reply
Dan
replied on 08 February, 2021
just use your brain. normal breathing pushes the air well away from the face so it can't be reinhaled. the lips form a jet to push this away and fresh air is drawn in from the sides. If it is seeping out of a large surface area of fabric it is directly next to the fabric and reinhaled. if even a small proportion is reinhaled the Co2 will accumulate as the expelled air reinhaled will already have more co2. anyone interfering with peoples breathing should go to jail. the only evidence needed is they obstructed the breathing.
Patty
commented on 08 January, 2021
Ellen, your claim that requiring masks is destroying civilization is quite the hyperbole. Most of the inconveniences of masks pale in comparison to this horrible virus. If there’s even a small chance for protection from doing the simple thing of wearing a mask when around other people, I’ll gladly wear one. As far as your valid point about young children learning speech, deaf people who read lips, etc, clear masks are readily available
View 5 replies
Krista Haldenwang
replied on 10 February, 2021
Die Masken schützen doch überhaupt keinen Menschen vor der Krankheit? Man hofft und mehr ist es nicht, dass man selber weniger Aerosole durch die Maske abgibt, was ich persönlich für völligen Quatsch halte, ganz unwissenschaftlich, aber es ist das was ich selber merke und daran glaube ich mehr als an tausend Studien und Aussagen von Ärzten. Wer es nicht schafft seinen eigenen Körper und sein eigenes Gehirn dazu zu nutzen seine Umwelt sinnvoll wahrzunehmen, wird immer wieder in diese ausgelegten Fallen tappen.
Michael Zenon Williamson
replied on 15 February, 2021
This horrible virus...with a mortality of .01% No cloth mask is rated to do anything with virions, which are 30 times smaller than the mesh size. There's no "small chance," there's "Zero chance." Which is why "4-8 weeks" is now "9 months, and maybe another year." It does nothing. Feel free to lock yourself in your house if you're concerned. You have no right to dictate the lives of others.
Scott
replied on 16 February, 2021
> Most of the inconveniences of masks pale in comparison to this horrible virus. A virus so "horrible" you have a 99.9%+ chance of surviving it if you get it? A virus so "horrible" that you need a test to tell you if you've been exposed to it? Who's engaging in hyperbole here?
THOMAS L
replied on 19 February, 2021
What virus?
mike
replied on 22 February, 2021
You are so misinformed. Yes there is a virus, no it is not a medical emergency! The ridiculous notion that this virus is destroying humanity is complete nonsense and there are NO facts to back this up. You would do well to do some real research instead of getting all of your info from mainstream media. the CDC, the WHO, and the biggest criminal of all Tony Fauci.Wake up and use your God given senses and intellect. Or perhaps its gone because you have decided to be a fear monger and live in fear.
Simon
commented on 13 January, 2021
Excellent comment. I would love to share in my private network and via Librti network. Thanks.
Anonymous
commented on 15 January, 2021
https://www.osha.gov/coronavirus/faqs#collapse3-7 "Some people have mistakenly claimed that OSHA standards (e.g., the Respiratory Protection standard, 29 CFR 1910.134; the Permit-Required Confined Space standard 29 CFR 1910.146; and the Air Contaminants standard, 29 CFR 1910.1000) apply to the issue of oxygen or carbon dioxide levels resulting from the use of medical masks or cloth face coverings in work settings with normal ambient air (e.g. healthcare settings, offices, retail settings, construction). These standards do not apply to the wearing of medical masks or cloth face coverings in work settings with normal ambient air). These standards would only apply to work settings where there are known or suspected sources of chemicals (e.g., manufacturing facilities) or workers are required to enter a potentially dangerous location (e.g., a large tank or vessel)."
View 1 reply
steve
replied on 10 February, 2021
It appears that you are trying to use OSHA guidelines to say that oxygen and co2 levels are irrelevant if one is in a situation with "normal ambient air". Are you claiming, based on OSHA guidelines, that oxygen and co2 levels only matter if one is in a "work setting where there are known or suspected sources of chemicals or dangerous locations"? If that is what you are trying to claim, then I would point out that oxygen and co2 levels will affect people if they do not meet minimum requirements, regardless of the "ambient environment" people happen to be in.
Kathryn Young
commented on 16 January, 2021
Thanks for speaking up!
Gerard Lacoste
commented on 26 January, 2021
Thank you very much for your information, thank you very much for your courage to speak up. This is very reassuring.
joel siino
commented on 26 January, 2021
Bonjour Joseph L.Bourgault Merci pour avoir partagé votre expérience. J'aimerais publier vos commentaire sur mon facebook je suis en train de faire une étude personnel sur le taux de SPO2 dans le sang de mon enfant aprés une journée d'école. je partagerai mes résultats. ici mes salutations a tous Joël Siino
MP
commented on 12 February, 2021
I urge you to obtain an exemption so you can be allowed to work without your face coverings, ET. German neurologist Dr. Margarite Griesz-Brisson states, “The reinhalation of our exhaled air will without a doubt create oxygen deficiency and a flooding of carbon dioxide. We know that the human brain is very sensitive to oxygen deprivation. There are nerve cells for example in the hippocampus that can’t be longer than 3 minutes without oxygen – they cannot survive. "The acute warning symptoms are headaches, drowsiness, dizziness, issues in concentration, slowing down of reaction time – reactions of the cognitive system. "However, when you have chronic oxygen deprivation, all of those symptoms disappear, because you get used to it. But your efficiency will remain impaired and the under-supply of oxygen in your brain continues to progress. "While you’re thinking that you have gotten used to wearing your mask and rebreathing your own exhaled air, the degenerative processes in your brain are getting amplified as your oxygen deprivation continues. "The second problem is that the nerve cells in your brain are unable to divide themselves normally. So in case our governments will generously allow as to get rid of the masks and go back to breathing oxygen freely again in a few months, the lost nerve cells will no longer be regenerated. What is gone is gone."
Sharon
commented on 26 February, 2021
I assume most of those who responded had bad effects. Unless I experienced negative side effects, I probably would not have responded. It's just like people are more likely to leave a review if they had a negative experience rather than a positive. It would be more accurate of a representation if a group of 26000 people who had children who wore masks were made to respond.
Claire Dawson
commented on 28 February, 2021
I wear a mask for 8 hours at work. I get headache, ear pain, spots, sore throat and chest pain. I can’t hear properly and neither can my customers. Even after 5 mins my customers say they can’t think properly and are all fingers and thumbs at the till. Children are safe in school. Masking then makes them feel the classroom is to be feared. They have to now be priority
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This is a preprint. It has not completed peer review.
Research Article
Corona children studies "Co-Ki": First results of a Germany-wide registry on mouth and nose covering (mask) in children
David Martin
University of Witten/Herdecke
Corresponding Author
Badges
Prescreen
This manuscript passed our Prescreen assessment
Complete author information
Appropriate declaration statements
Potential risks to human health
Prescreen
History
CURRENT STATUS: Posted
Community comments: 5
Version 2
Posted 05 Jan, 2021
Community comments: 25
Community comments: 16
Metrics
Comments: 25
PDF Downloads: ...
HTML Views: ...
Subject Areas
General Practice
License:
This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License. Read Full License
Declarations:
Declarations
- This study involved human subjects.
- The author confirmed that all appropriate ethical guidelines for the use of human subjects have been followed, any necessary IRB and/or ethics committee review has been obtained, and information about the IRB/ethics committee is included in the manuscript.
- The author has confirmed that all necessary patient/participant consent or assent has been obtained and the appropriate institutional forms have been archived. If the IRB/ethics committee waived the requirement for patient/participant consent or assent, an explanation for the waiver is included in the text.
- The author has confirmed that a statement listing potential conflicts of interest or lack thereof is included in the text.
The most recent version of this article is available here.
EDITORIAL NOTE:
This study is based on a survey regarding the adverse effects of mask wearing in children. Due to multiple limitations, this study cannot demonstrate a causal relationship between mask wearing and the reported adverse effects in children. Most of the respondents were parents, and the survey was distributed preferentially in social media forums that, according to the authors, “criticize the government’s corona protection measures in principle”. The limitations of the study include sampling bias, reporting bias, and confounding bias as well as lack of a control group. The use of masks, together with other precautionary measures, significantly reduces the spread of COVID-19 and is considered safe for children over the age of two years old.
Background: Narratives about complaints in children and adolescents caused by wearing a mask are accumulating. There is, to date, no registry for side effects of masks.
Methods: At the University of Witten/Herdecke an online registry has been set up where parents, doctors, pedagogues and others can enter their observations. On 20.10.2020, 363 doctors were asked to make entries and to make parents and teachers aware of the registry.
Results: By 26.10.2020 the registry had been used by 20,353 people. In this publication we report the results from the parents, who entered data on a total of 25,930 children. The average wearing time of the mask was 270 minutes per day. Impairments caused by wearing the mask were reported by 68% of the parents. These included irritability (60%), headache (53%), difficulty concentrating (50%), less happiness (49%), reluctance to go to school/kindergarten (44%), malaise (42%) impaired learning (38%) and drowsiness or fatigue (37%).
Discussion: This world's first registry for recording the effects of wearing masks in children is dedicated to a new research question. Bias with respect to preferential documentation of children who are particularly severely affected or who are fundamentally critical of protective measures cannot be dismissed. The frequency of the registry’s use and the spectrum of symptoms registryed indicate the importance of the topic and call for representative surveys, randomized controlled trials with various masks and a renewed risk-benefit assessment for the vulnerable group of children: adults need to collecticely reflect the circumstances under which they would be willing to take a residual risk upon themselves in favor of enabling children to have a higher quality of life without having to wear a mask.
Figure 1
Sam McLone
commented on 05 January, 2021
Bigtree's video should be ignored, that goes for all the other ones that use the "stick a sensor in a mask and take a reading" videos. They are invariably using sensors that will not operate in the environment under a mask, and that will not operate in the varying pressure under a mask.
Vero Sercanto
commented on 05 January, 2021
Were there any mentions of how the mask causes irritation to the skin. I get this after barely an hours use of the mask to the point I want to take it off.
Jeaneen
commented on 05 January, 2021
No one will listen! I sometimes think they like wearing masks!
View 1 reply
Smart person
replied on 15 February, 2021
We do like wearing masks, because they help stop the spread of fatal infectious diseases :)
Matthew Hurst
commented on 06 January, 2021
I am glad to see this study. The use of masks has bothered me for two reasons: 1) Potential Cognitive Harm: Randomized, Controlled studies on slightly elevated CO2 levels of 1000 to 2500 ppm show significant decreases in cognitive functioning. The long-term implications for this are unclear. 2) Little to no Benefit: Non-medical masks have been shown to block droplets, but actually increase fine aerosol emissions. Even medical grade surgical masks are equivocal in randomized, controlled studies. The masks seem more designed to show something is being done than to actually reduce virus transmission. It seems that the health of school children is possibly being harmed to give the appearance of doing something. References: CO2: 1) News Article on This Study: Savchuk, K. "Your Brain on Carbon Dioxide: Research Finds Even Low Levels of Indoor CO2 Impair Thinking." California Magazine (2016). https://alumni.berkeley.edu/california-magazine/summer-2016-welcome-there/your-brain-carbon-dioxide-research-finds-even-low 2) Satish, U., Mendell, M., et al. Is CO2 an Indoor Pollutant? Direct Effects of Low-to-Moderate CO2 Concentrations on Human Decision-Making Performance Environmental Health Perspectives, 120:12 (2012) https://doi.org/10.1289/ehp.1104789. 3) Allen, J.G., MacNaughton, P.et al. Associations of Cognitive Function Scores with Carbon Dioxide, Ventilation, and Volatile Organic Compound Exposures in Office Workers: A Controlled Exposure Study of Green and Conventional Office Environments. Environmental Health Perspectives, Vol 124, No 6, (2016). https://doi.org/10.1289/ehp.1510037 Lack of Effectiveness: 4) https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=3349234
View 2 replies
Barbara McKenzie
replied on 11 February, 2021
Thanks for the references. In Greece masks are compulsory from pre-school (three years old). It's incredible.
Silvia Rojas Reyes
replied on 20 February, 2021
Thank you very much for your very good commentary and for the reference that are important, I will share this information with many as I can. Thank you again.
Steve Katasi
commented on 06 January, 2021
Table 2 Table Headings need correction, as each column has the (Total age group) heading
Robert
commented on 06 January, 2021
you should fire your safety officers, because their measuring methodology is wrong and amateuristic. If you breath out, theres a lack of oxygen in your mouth and behind the mask. When you breath in, new air is attracted due to vaccuum and mixed with the air in your mouth and behind the mask to your lungs where is comes together. In the lungs the air mixes. From the oxygen in your lungs approx 30% is used, the rest is exhaled again. p.s. fire your safety officers
View 1 reply
Dan
replied on 08 February, 2021
just use your brain. normal breathing pushes the air well away from the face so it can't be reinhaled. the lips form a jet to push this away and fresh air is drawn in from the sides. If it is seeping out of a large surface area of fabric it is directly next to the fabric and reinhaled. if even a small proportion is reinhaled the Co2 will accumulate as the expelled air reinhaled will already have more co2. anyone interfering with peoples breathing should go to jail. the only evidence needed is they obstructed the breathing.
Patty
commented on 08 January, 2021
Ellen, your claim that requiring masks is destroying civilization is quite the hyperbole. Most of the inconveniences of masks pale in comparison to this horrible virus. If there’s even a small chance for protection from doing the simple thing of wearing a mask when around other people, I’ll gladly wear one. As far as your valid point about young children learning speech, deaf people who read lips, etc, clear masks are readily available
View 5 replies
Krista Haldenwang
replied on 10 February, 2021
Die Masken schützen doch überhaupt keinen Menschen vor der Krankheit? Man hofft und mehr ist es nicht, dass man selber weniger Aerosole durch die Maske abgibt, was ich persönlich für völligen Quatsch halte, ganz unwissenschaftlich, aber es ist das was ich selber merke und daran glaube ich mehr als an tausend Studien und Aussagen von Ärzten. Wer es nicht schafft seinen eigenen Körper und sein eigenes Gehirn dazu zu nutzen seine Umwelt sinnvoll wahrzunehmen, wird immer wieder in diese ausgelegten Fallen tappen.
Michael Zenon Williamson
replied on 15 February, 2021
This horrible virus...with a mortality of .01% No cloth mask is rated to do anything with virions, which are 30 times smaller than the mesh size. There's no "small chance," there's "Zero chance." Which is why "4-8 weeks" is now "9 months, and maybe another year." It does nothing. Feel free to lock yourself in your house if you're concerned. You have no right to dictate the lives of others.
Scott
replied on 16 February, 2021
> Most of the inconveniences of masks pale in comparison to this horrible virus. A virus so "horrible" you have a 99.9%+ chance of surviving it if you get it? A virus so "horrible" that you need a test to tell you if you've been exposed to it? Who's engaging in hyperbole here?
THOMAS L
replied on 19 February, 2021
What virus?
mike
replied on 22 February, 2021
You are so misinformed. Yes there is a virus, no it is not a medical emergency! The ridiculous notion that this virus is destroying humanity is complete nonsense and there are NO facts to back this up. You would do well to do some real research instead of getting all of your info from mainstream media. the CDC, the WHO, and the biggest criminal of all Tony Fauci.Wake up and use your God given senses and intellect. Or perhaps its gone because you have decided to be a fear monger and live in fear.
Simon
commented on 13 January, 2021
Excellent comment. I would love to share in my private network and via Librti network. Thanks.
Anonymous
commented on 15 January, 2021
https://www.osha.gov/coronavirus/faqs#collapse3-7 "Some people have mistakenly claimed that OSHA standards (e.g., the Respiratory Protection standard, 29 CFR 1910.134; the Permit-Required Confined Space standard 29 CFR 1910.146; and the Air Contaminants standard, 29 CFR 1910.1000) apply to the issue of oxygen or carbon dioxide levels resulting from the use of medical masks or cloth face coverings in work settings with normal ambient air (e.g. healthcare settings, offices, retail settings, construction). These standards do not apply to the wearing of medical masks or cloth face coverings in work settings with normal ambient air). These standards would only apply to work settings where there are known or suspected sources of chemicals (e.g., manufacturing facilities) or workers are required to enter a potentially dangerous location (e.g., a large tank or vessel)."
View 1 reply
steve
replied on 10 February, 2021
It appears that you are trying to use OSHA guidelines to say that oxygen and co2 levels are irrelevant if one is in a situation with "normal ambient air". Are you claiming, based on OSHA guidelines, that oxygen and co2 levels only matter if one is in a "work setting where there are known or suspected sources of chemicals or dangerous locations"? If that is what you are trying to claim, then I would point out that oxygen and co2 levels will affect people if they do not meet minimum requirements, regardless of the "ambient environment" people happen to be in.
Kathryn Young
commented on 16 January, 2021
Thanks for speaking up!
Gerard Lacoste
commented on 26 January, 2021
Thank you very much for your information, thank you very much for your courage to speak up. This is very reassuring.
joel siino
commented on 26 January, 2021
Bonjour Joseph L.Bourgault Merci pour avoir partagé votre expérience. J'aimerais publier vos commentaire sur mon facebook je suis en train de faire une étude personnel sur le taux de SPO2 dans le sang de mon enfant aprés une journée d'école. je partagerai mes résultats. ici mes salutations a tous Joël Siino
MP
commented on 12 February, 2021
I urge you to obtain an exemption so you can be allowed to work without your face coverings, ET. German neurologist Dr. Margarite Griesz-Brisson states, “The reinhalation of our exhaled air will without a doubt create oxygen deficiency and a flooding of carbon dioxide. We know that the human brain is very sensitive to oxygen deprivation. There are nerve cells for example in the hippocampus that can’t be longer than 3 minutes without oxygen – they cannot survive. "The acute warning symptoms are headaches, drowsiness, dizziness, issues in concentration, slowing down of reaction time – reactions of the cognitive system. "However, when you have chronic oxygen deprivation, all of those symptoms disappear, because you get used to it. But your efficiency will remain impaired and the under-supply of oxygen in your brain continues to progress. "While you’re thinking that you have gotten used to wearing your mask and rebreathing your own exhaled air, the degenerative processes in your brain are getting amplified as your oxygen deprivation continues. "The second problem is that the nerve cells in your brain are unable to divide themselves normally. So in case our governments will generously allow as to get rid of the masks and go back to breathing oxygen freely again in a few months, the lost nerve cells will no longer be regenerated. What is gone is gone."
Sharon
commented on 26 February, 2021
I assume most of those who responded had bad effects. Unless I experienced negative side effects, I probably would not have responded. It's just like people are more likely to leave a review if they had a negative experience rather than a positive. It would be more accurate of a representation if a group of 26000 people who had children who wore masks were made to respond.
Claire Dawson
commented on 28 February, 2021
I wear a mask for 8 hours at work. I get headache, ear pain, spots, sore throat and chest pain. I can’t hear properly and neither can my customers. Even after 5 mins my customers say they can’t think properly and are all fingers and thumbs at the till. Children are safe in school. Masking then makes them feel the classroom is to be feared. They have to now be priority
Smart person
replied on 15 February, 2021
We do like wearing masks, because they help stop the spread of fatal infectious diseases :)