Out-of-date datasets hamper conservation of species close to extinction

doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-1250892/v1

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Out-of-date datasets hamper conservation of species close to extinction

https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-1250892/v1

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posted 21 Jan, 2022

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International databases and data aggregators on species conservation status are powerful tools supporting the efforts of conservation biologists and practitioners in reducing the loss of biodiversity. However, out-of-date information and poor interoperability of databases can hamper conservation of highly threatened species or in extreme cases can result in their removal from conservation frameworks. Lack of common standards for database updates, slow update timing and incongruencies among datasets result in confusing information that prevent proper conservation prioritisation and actions. A simple survey to update and solve incongruencies between the BGCI PlantSearch Database, the IUCN Red List and other datasets resulted in a change of status of sixteen plant species, including the “rehabilitation” of fourteen species thought to be extinct.

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Table 1

Update of status for 20 extinct species with at least an ex situ collection in BGCI PlantSearch database.
Taxon	IUCN Red List	Humphreys et al. 2019	Knapp et al. 2020	Ex situ accession	New status
Argyroxiphium virescens Hillebr.	EX	EX		No¹	EX
Begonia trullifolia Guillaumin		EX		Yes²	EW
Beyeria lepidopetala F.Muell.		EX			Extant³
Boechera fructicosa (A.Nelson) Al-Shehbaz			EX	Yes?⁴	EW?
Castilleja uliginosa Eastw.			EX	Yes⁵	EW
Cynometra beddomei Prain	EN	EX		Yes⁶	EN⁷
Dypsis linearis Jum.	EN	EX		Yes⁸	EN
Grevillea divaricata R.Br.	CR(PE)	EX		No⁹	CR(PE)
Hemigenia exilis S.Moore		EX		Yes	Extant¹⁰
Isolepis bulbifera (Boeckeler) Muasya				No¹¹	EX
Lepidium obtusatum Kirk	EX	EX		No¹²	EX
Marshallia grandiflora Beadle & F.E.Boynton			EX	Yes¹³	EW
Micranthemum micranthemoides (Nutt.) Wettst. ex Wettst.			EX	No	EW¹⁴
Ormosia howii L.Chen	EX				Extant¹⁵
Ozothamnus selaginoides Sond. & F.Muell.		EX		Yes¹⁶	EW
Phyllanthus comptonii S.Moore	EX	EX		No¹⁷	EX
Pimpinella schweinfurthii Asch.	EX	EX		No	Extant¹⁸
Psychotria cadigensis Merr.	EX	EX		Yes¹⁹	EW
Psychotria ilocana (Merr.) Merr.	EX	EX		Yes²⁰	EW
Trochetiopsis melanoxylon (Sol. ex Sims) Marais	EX	EX		No²¹	EX
Notes: ¹ Accession thought to be A. virescens at National Tropical Botanical Garden, Kauai, Hawaii, US is now thought to be of hybrid origin ² Cultivated at: Jardin Botanique de la Ville de Lyon, Lyon, France ³ At least a wild population is alive in Kalbarry Natinal Park, Western Australia (pers. comm. Alanna Chant, Johanna Human, Parks and Wildlife Service, October 2021) ⁴ Cultivated at: Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK. There are taxonomic issues related to the specimen that need to be solved ⁵ Cultivated at: University of California Botanical Garden, Berkeley, US ⁶ Cultivated at: Jawaharlal Nehru Tropical Botanic Garden & Research Institute, Thiruvananthapuram, India (3 specimens; pers. comm. A. Dhyani); a non-verified specimen present at Malabar Botanic Garden, Olavanna, India ⁷ Recently assessed as Endangerd (EN) in the Western Ghats, India ⁸ Cultivated at: Royal Botanic Gardens Sydney, Sydney, Australia ⁹ Lost from: Myall Park Botanic Garden, Glenmorgan, Australia, but still occurring in the wild ¹⁰ Rediscovered ¹¹ Lost from hosting institution (non-disclosable) ¹² Not in cultivation. Germination attempted in 1993, but seedlings died soon (8). ¹³ Cultivated at: Royal Botanic Gardens Kew, Richmond, UK ¹⁴ Available in the market as ornamental plant ¹⁵ The species is still extant and threatened according to Threatened Species List of China plants ¹⁶ Cultivated at: St. Andrews Botanic Garden, Fife, UK ¹⁷ Specimens cultivated at Lyon Arboretum, Honolulu, Hawaii were identified as belonging to Diospyros parvifolia ¹⁸ Present in Arabia and Oman (Source: Plants of the World online) ¹⁹ Cultivated at: Honolulu Botanical Gardens, Honolulu, Hawaii ²⁰ Cultivated at: Northwestern University Ecological Park and Botanic Gardens, Laoag City, Philippines ²¹ Trochetiopsis melanoxylon s. str. has never been in ex situ cultivation. All accessions labelled as T. melanoxylon should be re-labelled as T. ebenus Cronk. The latter is present at Cambridge University Botanic Garden, Cambridge, Glasgow Botanic Gardens, Glasgow, Royal Kew Gardens, Kew, UK, at Conservatoire Botanique National du Brest, Brest, France and at a second Institution in France (name not disclosable). Lost from: San Diego Botanic Garden, San Diego, US, St. Andrews Botanic Garden, Fife, UK.

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Out-of-date datasets hamper conservation of species close to extinction

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