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Research article
Reference Range of Fetal thorax using Two-dimensional and Three-dimensional Ultrasound VOCAL Technique and Application in Fetal Thoracic Malformations
Guorong Lyu
Department of Ultrasound Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, China. Quanzhou Medical College, Quanzhou, China.
Corresponding Author
ORCiD: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3123-1138
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Background: To establish the normal reference range of fetal thorax by two-dimensional (2D) and three-dimensional (3D) ultrasound VOCAL technique and evaluate the application in diagnosing fetal thoracic malformations.
Methods: A prospective cross-sectional study was undertaken involving 1077 women who have a normal singleton pregnancy at 13-40 weeks gestational age (GA). 2D ultrasound and 3D ultrasound VOCAL technique were utilized to assess fetal thoracic transverse diameter, thoracic anteroposterior diameter, thoracic circumference, thoracic area, lung volume, thoracic volume and lung-to-thoracic volume ratio. The nomograms of 2D and 3D fetal thoracic measurements were created to GA. 50 cases were randomly selected to calculate intra- and inter-observer reliability and agreement. In addition, the case groups including congenital skeletal dysplasia (SD) (15), congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH) (30), pulmonary sequestration (PS) (25) and congenital cystic adenomatoid malformation (CCAM) (36) were assessed by the nomograms and followed up subsequently.
Results: Both 2D and 3D fetal thoracic parameters increased with GA using a quadratic regression equation. The intra- and inter-observer reliability and agreement of each thoracic parameter were excellent. 2D fetal thoracic parameters can initially evaluate the fetal thoracic development and diagnose the skeletal thoracic deformity, and lung volume, thoracic volume and lung-to-thorax volume ratio are practical to diagnose and differentiate CDH, PS and CCAM.
Conclusion: We have established the normal fetal thoracic reference range at 13-40 weeks, which has a high value in diagnosing congenital thoracic malformations.
Keywords
Fetal thorax, 3D ultrasound, VOCAL, Reference range, Malformation
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CURRENT STATUS: Under Review
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Posted 16 Dec, 2020
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Received 29 Dec, 2020
Editorial decision: Minor revision
On 29 Dec, 2020
Review #1 received
Received 26 Dec, 2020
Review #3 received
Received 14 Dec, 2020
Review #4 received
Received 14 Dec, 2020
Reviewer #4 agreed
On 13 Dec, 2020
Reviewer #3 agreed
On 09 Dec, 2020
Reviewer #2 agreed
On 09 Dec, 2020
Editor assigned
On 06 Dec, 2020
Reviewers invited
Invitations sent on 06 Dec, 2020
Reviewer #1 agreed
On 06 Dec, 2020
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On 06 Dec, 2020
Editor invited
On 06 Dec, 2020
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Subject Areas
Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging
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This preprint is under consideration at BMC Medical Imaging. A preprint is a preliminary version of a manuscript that has not completed peer review at a journal. Research Square does not conduct peer review prior to posting preprints. The posting of a preprint on this server should not be interpreted as an endorsement of its validity or suitability for dissemination as established information or for guiding clinical practice.
Learn more about In Review
Research article
Reference Range of Fetal thorax using Two-dimensional and Three-dimensional Ultrasound VOCAL Technique and Application in Fetal Thoracic Malformations
Guorong Lyu
Department of Ultrasound Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, China. Quanzhou Medical College, Quanzhou, China.
Corresponding Author
ORCiD: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3123-1138
Badges
Prescreen
This manuscript passed our Prescreen assessment
Complete author information
Appropriate declaration statements
Potential risks to human health
Prescreen
Peer Review Timeline
CURRENT STATUS: Under Review
Version 1
Posted 16 Dec, 2020
No community comments so far
Review #2 received
Received 29 Dec, 2020
Editorial decision: Minor revision
On 29 Dec, 2020
Review #1 received
Received 26 Dec, 2020
Review #3 received
Received 14 Dec, 2020
Review #4 received
Received 14 Dec, 2020
Reviewer #4 agreed
On 13 Dec, 2020
Reviewer #3 agreed
On 09 Dec, 2020
Reviewer #2 agreed
On 09 Dec, 2020
Editor assigned
On 06 Dec, 2020
Reviewers invited
Invitations sent on 06 Dec, 2020
Reviewer #1 agreed
On 06 Dec, 2020
Submission checks complete
On 06 Dec, 2020
Editor invited
On 06 Dec, 2020
Metrics
Comments: 0
PDF Downloads: ...
HTML Views: ...
Subject Areas
Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging
License:
This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License. Read Full License
Background: To establish the normal reference range of fetal thorax by two-dimensional (2D) and three-dimensional (3D) ultrasound VOCAL technique and evaluate the application in diagnosing fetal thoracic malformations.
Methods: A prospective cross-sectional study was undertaken involving 1077 women who have a normal singleton pregnancy at 13-40 weeks gestational age (GA). 2D ultrasound and 3D ultrasound VOCAL technique were utilized to assess fetal thoracic transverse diameter, thoracic anteroposterior diameter, thoracic circumference, thoracic area, lung volume, thoracic volume and lung-to-thoracic volume ratio. The nomograms of 2D and 3D fetal thoracic measurements were created to GA. 50 cases were randomly selected to calculate intra- and inter-observer reliability and agreement. In addition, the case groups including congenital skeletal dysplasia (SD) (15), congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH) (30), pulmonary sequestration (PS) (25) and congenital cystic adenomatoid malformation (CCAM) (36) were assessed by the nomograms and followed up subsequently.
Results: Both 2D and 3D fetal thoracic parameters increased with GA using a quadratic regression equation. The intra- and inter-observer reliability and agreement of each thoracic parameter were excellent. 2D fetal thoracic parameters can initially evaluate the fetal thoracic development and diagnose the skeletal thoracic deformity, and lung volume, thoracic volume and lung-to-thorax volume ratio are practical to diagnose and differentiate CDH, PS and CCAM.
Conclusion: We have established the normal fetal thoracic reference range at 13-40 weeks, which has a high value in diagnosing congenital thoracic malformations.
Figure 1
Figure 1
Figure 2
Figure 2
Figure 3
Figure 3
Figure 4
Figure 4
Due to technical limitations, tables are only available as a download in the Supplemental Files section.