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Research article
Synthesis and biological evaluation of heterocyclic 1,2,4-Triazole scaffolds as promising pharmacological agents
Saloni Kakkar
Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences,
Corresponding Author
License:
This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License. Read Full License
View the published version at BMC Chemistry.
Background: Triazole is an important heterocyclic moiety that occupies a unique position in heterocyclic chemistry, due to its large number of biological activities. It exists in two isomeric forms i.e. 1,2,4-triazole and 1,2,3-triazole and is used as core molecule for the design and synthesis of many medicinal compounds. 1,2,4-Triazole possess broad spectrum of therapeutically interesting drug candidates such as analgesic, antiseptic, antimicrobial, antioxidant, anti-urease, anti-inflammatory, diuretics, anticancer, anticonvulsant, antidiabetic and antimigraine agents.
Methods: The structures of all synthesized compounds were characterized by physicochemical properties and spectral means (IR and NMR). The synthesized compounds were evaluated for their in vitro antimicrobial activity against Gram-positive (B. subtilis), Gram-negative (P. aeruginosa and E. coli) bacterial and fungal (C. albicans and A. niger) strains by tube dilution method using ciprofloxacin, amoxicillin and fluconazole as standards. In-vitro antioxidant and anti-urease screening was done by DPPH assay and indophenol method, respectively. The in-vitro anticancer evaluation was carried out against MCF-7 and HCT116 cancer cell lines using 5-FU and cisplatin as standards.
Results, discussion and conclusion: The biological screening results reveal that the compoundsT5 (MICBS,EC= 24.7µM, MICPA, CA = 12.3 µM) and T17 (MICAN = 27.1µM) exhibited potent antimicrobial activity as comparable to standards ciprofloxacin, amoxicillin (MICCipro= 18.1µM, MICAmo = 17.1µM) and fluconazole (MICFlu = 20.4µM), respectively. The antioxidant evaluation showed that compounds T2 (IC50 = 34.83 µg/ml) and T3 (IC50 = 34.38 µg/ml) showed significant antioxidant activity and comparable to ascorbic acid (IC50 = 35.44 µg/ml). Compounds T3 (IC50 = 54.01µg/ml) was the most potent urease inhibitor amongst the synthesized compounds and compared to standard thiourea (IC50 = 54.25 µg/ml).The most potent anticancer activity was shown by compounds T2 (IC50 = 3.84μM) and T7 (IC50 = 3.25μM) against HCT116 cell lines as compared to standard 5-FU (IC50 = 25.36μM).
Keywords
1,2,4-Triazole, Antimicrobial, Antioxidant, Anti-urease, Anticancer, SAR
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CURRENT STATUS: Published
Version 3
Posted 26 May, 2020
Published
On 21 Jan, 2021
No community comments so far
Editorial decision: Accept
On 11 Jun, 2020
Review #1 received
Received 07 Jun, 2020
Reviewer #2 agreed
On 18 May, 2020
Review #2 received
Received 18 May, 2020
Reviewer #1 agreed
On 16 May, 2020
Reviewers invited
Invitations sent on 15 May, 2020
Editor assigned
On 14 May, 2020
Submission checks complete
On 13 May, 2020
Editor invited
On 13 May, 2020
No comments provided
Review #2 received
Received 22 Apr, 2020
Editorial decision: Minor revision
On 22 Apr, 2020
Reviewer #2 agreed
On 08 Apr, 2020
Review #1 received
Received 31 Mar, 2020
Editor assigned
On 23 Mar, 2020
Reviewers invited
Invitations sent on 23 Mar, 2020
Reviewer #1 agreed
On 23 Mar, 2020
Submission checks complete
On 22 Mar, 2020
Editor invited
On 22 Mar, 2020
No comments provided
Editorial decision: Major revision
On 27 Feb, 2020
Review #2 received
Received 26 Feb, 2020
Review #1 received
Received 09 Feb, 2020
Reviewer #2 agreed
On 06 Feb, 2020
Reviewers invited
Invitations sent on 29 Jan, 2020
Reviewer #1 agreed
On 29 Jan, 2020
Editor assigned
On 22 Jan, 2020
First submitted
On 21 Jan, 2020
Submission checks complete
On 21 Jan, 2020
Editor invited
On 21 Jan, 2020
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Subject Areas
Biological Chemistry
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This preprint is under consideration at BMC Chemistry. A preprint is a preliminary version of a manuscript that has not completed peer review at a journal. Research Square does not conduct peer review prior to posting preprints. The posting of a preprint on this server should not be interpreted as an endorsement of its validity or suitability for dissemination as established information or for guiding clinical practice.
Learn more about In Review
Research article
Synthesis and biological evaluation of heterocyclic 1,2,4-Triazole scaffolds as promising pharmacological agents
Saloni Kakkar
Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences,
Corresponding Author
Badges
Prescreen
This manuscript passed our Prescreen assessment
Complete author information
Appropriate declaration statements
Potential risks to human health
Prescreen
Peer Review Timeline
CURRENT STATUS: Published
Version 3
Posted 26 May, 2020
Published
On 21 Jan, 2021
No community comments so far
Editorial decision: Accept
On 11 Jun, 2020
Review #1 received
Received 07 Jun, 2020
Reviewer #2 agreed
On 18 May, 2020
Review #2 received
Received 18 May, 2020
Reviewer #1 agreed
On 16 May, 2020
Reviewers invited
Invitations sent on 15 May, 2020
Editor assigned
On 14 May, 2020
Submission checks complete
On 13 May, 2020
Editor invited
On 13 May, 2020
No comments provided
Review #2 received
Received 22 Apr, 2020
Editorial decision: Minor revision
On 22 Apr, 2020
Reviewer #2 agreed
On 08 Apr, 2020
Review #1 received
Received 31 Mar, 2020
Editor assigned
On 23 Mar, 2020
Reviewers invited
Invitations sent on 23 Mar, 2020
Reviewer #1 agreed
On 23 Mar, 2020
Submission checks complete
On 22 Mar, 2020
Editor invited
On 22 Mar, 2020
No comments provided
Editorial decision: Major revision
On 27 Feb, 2020
Review #2 received
Received 26 Feb, 2020
Review #1 received
Received 09 Feb, 2020
Reviewer #2 agreed
On 06 Feb, 2020
Reviewers invited
Invitations sent on 29 Jan, 2020
Reviewer #1 agreed
On 29 Jan, 2020
Editor assigned
On 22 Jan, 2020
First submitted
On 21 Jan, 2020
Submission checks complete
On 21 Jan, 2020
Editor invited
On 21 Jan, 2020
Metrics
Comments: 0
PDF Downloads: ...
HTML Views: ...
Subject Areas
Biological Chemistry
License:
This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License. Read Full License
View the published version at BMC Chemistry.
Background: Triazole is an important heterocyclic moiety that occupies a unique position in heterocyclic chemistry, due to its large number of biological activities. It exists in two isomeric forms i.e. 1,2,4-triazole and 1,2,3-triazole and is used as core molecule for the design and synthesis of many medicinal compounds. 1,2,4-Triazole possess broad spectrum of therapeutically interesting drug candidates such as analgesic, antiseptic, antimicrobial, antioxidant, anti-urease, anti-inflammatory, diuretics, anticancer, anticonvulsant, antidiabetic and antimigraine agents.
Methods: The structures of all synthesized compounds were characterized by physicochemical properties and spectral means (IR and NMR). The synthesized compounds were evaluated for their in vitro antimicrobial activity against Gram-positive (B. subtilis), Gram-negative (P. aeruginosa and E. coli) bacterial and fungal (C. albicans and A. niger) strains by tube dilution method using ciprofloxacin, amoxicillin and fluconazole as standards. In-vitro antioxidant and anti-urease screening was done by DPPH assay and indophenol method, respectively. The in-vitro anticancer evaluation was carried out against MCF-7 and HCT116 cancer cell lines using 5-FU and cisplatin as standards.
Results, discussion and conclusion: The biological screening results reveal that the compoundsT5 (MICBS,EC= 24.7µM, MICPA, CA = 12.3 µM) and T17 (MICAN = 27.1µM) exhibited potent antimicrobial activity as comparable to standards ciprofloxacin, amoxicillin (MICCipro= 18.1µM, MICAmo = 17.1µM) and fluconazole (MICFlu = 20.4µM), respectively. The antioxidant evaluation showed that compounds T2 (IC50 = 34.83 µg/ml) and T3 (IC50 = 34.38 µg/ml) showed significant antioxidant activity and comparable to ascorbic acid (IC50 = 35.44 µg/ml). Compounds T3 (IC50 = 54.01µg/ml) was the most potent urease inhibitor amongst the synthesized compounds and compared to standard thiourea (IC50 = 54.25 µg/ml).The most potent anticancer activity was shown by compounds T2 (IC50 = 3.84μM) and T7 (IC50 = 3.25μM) against HCT116 cell lines as compared to standard 5-FU (IC50 = 25.36μM).
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