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Background
Conventionally, X-ray examination has been performed to quantify the instability of the ankle joint. The aim of this study was to evaluate the reliability and validity of a new ultrasound-based examination for the quantitative detection of ankle instability, and whether the present examination could replace the conventional X-ray test.
Methods
Thirteen adults were recruited for this validation study and were divided into two groups: a control group (eight adults, 16 feet) and an ankle instability (AI) group (five adults, eight feet). The control group had Cumberland Ankle Instability Tool (CAIT) scores ≥ 25 points, and the AI group had CAIT scores < 25 points. Anterior drawer stress tests were performed using a Telos device with ultrasound (0–150 N) and X-ray (0, 120, and 150 N). The stress ultrasound was performed by two examiners, and changes in the anterior talar displacement were measured by two measurers. The inter-examiner and inter-measurer reliabilities were calculated in the control group, and correlations between stress ultrasound and conventional stress X-ray imaging results were examined at 120 and 150 N in both the control and AI groups.
Results
Ultrasound imaging detected changes in the anterior talar displacement under loads greater than 70 N. The inter-examiner and inter-measurer reliability of the ultrasound-based method were moderate and excellent, respectively, at 150 N. The tibiotalar distances observed with X-ray and ultrasound imaging at 120 N were highly correlated in the AI group.
Conclusion
The ultrasound-based method was comparable to the conventional X-ray method and represents a novel radiation-free method for the detection of ankle instability. This method has the potential for clinical application to quantitatively evaluate mechanical instability.
Keywords
anterior-talofibular ligament injury, ankle sprain, ankle instability, laxity, ultrasound, anterior drawer test, talus, tibia
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This is a preprint, a preliminary version of a manuscript that has not completed peer review at a journal. Research Square does not conduct peer review prior to posting preprints. The posting of a preprint on this server should not be interpreted as an endorsement of its validity or suitability for dissemination as established information or for guiding clinical practice.
Research
Badges
Prescreen
This manuscript passed our Prescreen assessment
Complete author information
Appropriate declaration statements
Potential risks to human health
Prescreen
History
CURRENT STATUS: Posted
Version 1
Posted 17 Dec, 2020
No community comments so far
Metrics
Comments: 0
PDF Downloads: ...
HTML Views: ...
License:
This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License. Read Full License
Background
Conventionally, X-ray examination has been performed to quantify the instability of the ankle joint. The aim of this study was to evaluate the reliability and validity of a new ultrasound-based examination for the quantitative detection of ankle instability, and whether the present examination could replace the conventional X-ray test.
Methods
Thirteen adults were recruited for this validation study and were divided into two groups: a control group (eight adults, 16 feet) and an ankle instability (AI) group (five adults, eight feet). The control group had Cumberland Ankle Instability Tool (CAIT) scores ≥ 25 points, and the AI group had CAIT scores < 25 points. Anterior drawer stress tests were performed using a Telos device with ultrasound (0–150 N) and X-ray (0, 120, and 150 N). The stress ultrasound was performed by two examiners, and changes in the anterior talar displacement were measured by two measurers. The inter-examiner and inter-measurer reliabilities were calculated in the control group, and correlations between stress ultrasound and conventional stress X-ray imaging results were examined at 120 and 150 N in both the control and AI groups.
Results
Ultrasound imaging detected changes in the anterior talar displacement under loads greater than 70 N. The inter-examiner and inter-measurer reliability of the ultrasound-based method were moderate and excellent, respectively, at 150 N. The tibiotalar distances observed with X-ray and ultrasound imaging at 120 N were highly correlated in the AI group.
Conclusion
The ultrasound-based method was comparable to the conventional X-ray method and represents a novel radiation-free method for the detection of ankle instability. This method has the potential for clinical application to quantitatively evaluate mechanical instability.
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