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Research Article
Derivation and Validation of Gray-Box Models to Estimate Non-Invasive In-vivo Percentage Glycated Hemoglobin Using Digital Volume Pulse Waveform
Ki-Doo Kim
Kookmin University
Corresponding Author
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Glycated hemoglobin and blood oxygenation are the two most important factors for monitoring a patient’s oxygen levels in the blood and the amount of average blood glucose levels. Digital Volume Pulse acquisition is a convenient method, even for a person with no previous training or experience, can be utilized to estimate the two abovementioned physiological parameters. The physiological basis assumptions are utilized to develop two-finger models for estimating the percent glycated hemoglobin and blood oxygenation levels. The first model consists of a blood vessel only hypothesis, while the second model is based on a whole-finger model system. We validated our two gray-box systems on diabetic and non-diabetic patients and obtained the mean absolute errors for the percent glycated hemoglobin (%HbA1c) and percent oxygen saturation (%SpO2) of 0.375 and 1.676, respectively, for the blood vessel model and 0.271 and 1.395, respectively, for the whole-finger model. The precision analysis indicated that these models resulted in 2.08% and 1.74% mean %CV for %HbA1c and 0.54% and 0.49% mean %CV for %SpO2 in the respective models. Herein, both models exhibit close performances to each other (HbA1c estimation Pearson R values are 0.92 and 0.96, respectively), even though the model assumptions greatly differed between them. Both of the models have a very high potential to be used in real-world scenarios. The whole-finger model performs better in terms of higher precision and accuracy compared to the blood vessel model.
Keywords
hemoglobin, blood, SpO2
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This preprint is under consideration at Scientific Reports. A preprint is a preliminary version of a manuscript that has not completed peer review at a journal. Research Square does not conduct peer review prior to posting preprints. The posting of a preprint on this server should not be interpreted as an endorsement of its validity or suitability for dissemination as established information or for guiding clinical practice.
Learn more about In Review
Research Article
Derivation and Validation of Gray-Box Models to Estimate Non-Invasive In-vivo Percentage Glycated Hemoglobin Using Digital Volume Pulse Waveform
Ki-Doo Kim
Kookmin University
Corresponding Author
Badges
Prescreen
This manuscript passed our Prescreen assessment
Complete author information
Appropriate declaration statements
Potential risks to human health
Prescreen
Peer Review Timeline
CURRENT STATUS: Under Review
Version 1
Posted 21 Dec, 2020
No community comments so far
Editor invited
On 21 Dec, 2020
Submission checks complete
On 17 Dec, 2020
First submitted
On 16 Dec, 2020
Metrics
Comments: 0
PDF Downloads: ...
HTML Views: ...
License:
This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License. Read Full License
Glycated hemoglobin and blood oxygenation are the two most important factors for monitoring a patient’s oxygen levels in the blood and the amount of average blood glucose levels. Digital Volume Pulse acquisition is a convenient method, even for a person with no previous training or experience, can be utilized to estimate the two abovementioned physiological parameters. The physiological basis assumptions are utilized to develop two-finger models for estimating the percent glycated hemoglobin and blood oxygenation levels. The first model consists of a blood vessel only hypothesis, while the second model is based on a whole-finger model system. We validated our two gray-box systems on diabetic and non-diabetic patients and obtained the mean absolute errors for the percent glycated hemoglobin (%HbA1c) and percent oxygen saturation (%SpO2) of 0.375 and 1.676, respectively, for the blood vessel model and 0.271 and 1.395, respectively, for the whole-finger model. The precision analysis indicated that these models resulted in 2.08% and 1.74% mean %CV for %HbA1c and 0.54% and 0.49% mean %CV for %SpO2 in the respective models. Herein, both models exhibit close performances to each other (HbA1c estimation Pearson R values are 0.92 and 0.96, respectively), even though the model assumptions greatly differed between them. Both of the models have a very high potential to be used in real-world scenarios. The whole-finger model performs better in terms of higher precision and accuracy compared to the blood vessel model.
Figure 1
Figure 2
Figure 3
Figure 4
Figure 5
Figure 6
Figure 7
Figure 8
Figure 9
Figure 10
Figure 11
Figure 12
Figure 13
Figure 14
Due to technical limitations, full-text HTML conversion of this manuscript could not be completed. However, the manuscript can be downloaded and accessed as a PDF.