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Research article
Awareness, treatment, and control of hypertension and related factors in adult Iranian Population
Behnam Bagheri-Fahraji
Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences and Health Services
Corresponding Author
ORCiD: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8482-0038
License:
This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License. Read Full License
Background: Hypertension, known as the silent killer, is a major risk factor for cardiovascular disease. Awareness and treatment of hypertension is not appropriate in the world, and this has led to an increase in mortality and morbidity caused by uncontrolled hypertension.This study aims to estimate awareness, treated, and controlled hypertensive and relevant predictors in an adult Iranian population.
Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted on 10000 adults aged 20-69 years in Yazd, Iran. They were selected through multi-stage random cluster sampling in 2015-2016. Blood pressure was measured three-time with standard protocol by trained health workers. Those with a positive history of hypertension and using anti-hypertensive drugs, prescribed by a physician, were considered hypertensive. Hypertension was defined as systolic blood pressure ≥140 mmHg and/or diastolic BP of ≥90 mmHg. Uncontrolled hypertension was defined in accordance with recommended treatment targets by the Joint National Committee (JNC7). Logistic regression was used to assess the predictors of hypertension awareness, treatment and control.
Results: The prevalence of hypertension was 37.3%, and the prevalence of pre-hypertension was 46.4%. 49.7% of People with hypertension were aware of their disease, and 71.5% of them were using antihypertensive drugs prescribed by physicians. Blood pressure was controlled in 38.9% of the treated patients. In the adjusted model, older age, female sex, and history of diabetes mellitus were positively associated with higher awareness. High physical activity, tobacco smoking, and diabetes are the only predictors of treated high blood pressure. Younger age, female sex, and higher education were determinants of controlled hypertension. Having health insurance was significantly correlated with awareness and control of hypertension.
Conclusion: Hypertension is a public health problem in this population, which is not well controlled. Half of the patients were unaware. Intervention for increased screening coverage is needed. It should plan to raise public awareness about hypertension and improve hypertension control under the supervision of physicians. Implement a family physician program is recommended in the health system.
Keywords
Hypertension, awareness, control, Iran
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CURRENT STATUS: Under Review
Version 3
Posted 14 May, 2020
No community comments so far
No comments provided
Editorial decision: Minor revision
On 27 Apr, 2020
Review #2 received
Received 25 Apr, 2020
Review #1 received
Received 23 Apr, 2020
Reviewers invited
Invitations sent on 22 Apr, 2020
Reviewer #1 agreed
On 22 Apr, 2020
Reviewer #2 agreed
On 22 Apr, 2020
Editor assigned
On 21 Apr, 2020
Submission checks complete
On 20 Apr, 2020
Editor invited
On 20 Apr, 2020
No comments provided
Editorial decision: Major revision
On 21 Mar, 2020
Review #2 received
Received 13 Mar, 2020
Review #1 received
Received 20 Feb, 2020
Reviewer #2 agreed
On 18 Feb, 2020
Reviewer #1 agreed
On 13 Feb, 2020
Editor assigned
On 04 Feb, 2020
Reviewers invited
Invitations sent on 04 Feb, 2020
Submission checks complete
On 30 Jan, 2020
Editor invited
On 30 Jan, 2020
First submitted
On 22 Jan, 2020
Metrics
Comments: 0
PDF Downloads: ...
HTML Views: ...
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This preprint is under consideration at BMC Public Health. A preprint is a preliminary version of a manuscript that has not completed peer review at a journal. Research Square does not conduct peer review prior to posting preprints. The posting of a preprint on this server should not be interpreted as an endorsement of its validity or suitability for dissemination as established information or for guiding clinical practice.
Learn more about In Review
Research article
Awareness, treatment, and control of hypertension and related factors in adult Iranian Population
Behnam Bagheri-Fahraji
Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences and Health Services
Corresponding Author
ORCiD: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8482-0038
Badges
Prescreen
This manuscript passed our Prescreen assessment
Complete author information
Appropriate declaration statements
Potential risks to human health
Prescreen
Peer Review Timeline
CURRENT STATUS: Under Review
Version 3
Posted 14 May, 2020
No community comments so far
No comments provided
Editorial decision: Minor revision
On 27 Apr, 2020
Review #2 received
Received 25 Apr, 2020
Review #1 received
Received 23 Apr, 2020
Reviewers invited
Invitations sent on 22 Apr, 2020
Reviewer #1 agreed
On 22 Apr, 2020
Reviewer #2 agreed
On 22 Apr, 2020
Editor assigned
On 21 Apr, 2020
Submission checks complete
On 20 Apr, 2020
Editor invited
On 20 Apr, 2020
No comments provided
Editorial decision: Major revision
On 21 Mar, 2020
Review #2 received
Received 13 Mar, 2020
Review #1 received
Received 20 Feb, 2020
Reviewer #2 agreed
On 18 Feb, 2020
Reviewer #1 agreed
On 13 Feb, 2020
Editor assigned
On 04 Feb, 2020
Reviewers invited
Invitations sent on 04 Feb, 2020
Submission checks complete
On 30 Jan, 2020
Editor invited
On 30 Jan, 2020
First submitted
On 22 Jan, 2020
Metrics
Comments: 0
PDF Downloads: ...
HTML Views: ...
License:
This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License. Read Full License
Background: Hypertension, known as the silent killer, is a major risk factor for cardiovascular disease. Awareness and treatment of hypertension is not appropriate in the world, and this has led to an increase in mortality and morbidity caused by uncontrolled hypertension.This study aims to estimate awareness, treated, and controlled hypertensive and relevant predictors in an adult Iranian population.
Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted on 10000 adults aged 20-69 years in Yazd, Iran. They were selected through multi-stage random cluster sampling in 2015-2016. Blood pressure was measured three-time with standard protocol by trained health workers. Those with a positive history of hypertension and using anti-hypertensive drugs, prescribed by a physician, were considered hypertensive. Hypertension was defined as systolic blood pressure ≥140 mmHg and/or diastolic BP of ≥90 mmHg. Uncontrolled hypertension was defined in accordance with recommended treatment targets by the Joint National Committee (JNC7). Logistic regression was used to assess the predictors of hypertension awareness, treatment and control.
Results: The prevalence of hypertension was 37.3%, and the prevalence of pre-hypertension was 46.4%. 49.7% of People with hypertension were aware of their disease, and 71.5% of them were using antihypertensive drugs prescribed by physicians. Blood pressure was controlled in 38.9% of the treated patients. In the adjusted model, older age, female sex, and history of diabetes mellitus were positively associated with higher awareness. High physical activity, tobacco smoking, and diabetes are the only predictors of treated high blood pressure. Younger age, female sex, and higher education were determinants of controlled hypertension. Having health insurance was significantly correlated with awareness and control of hypertension.
Conclusion: Hypertension is a public health problem in this population, which is not well controlled. Half of the patients were unaware. Intervention for increased screening coverage is needed. It should plan to raise public awareness about hypertension and improve hypertension control under the supervision of physicians. Implement a family physician program is recommended in the health system.
Figure 1