Al-Ani FK, Al-Shareefi MR (1995) Observation on medical leech (Limnatis nilotica) in camel in Iraq. Journal of Camel Practice and Research 2(2):145.
Amsalu, T., Teshager, N., and Alemu, B. (2019): Assessment of Leeches' Impact on Livestock Productivity in the Selected Districts. Applied Journal of Hygiene. 8(1): 01-11 https://www.idosi.org/ajh/8(1)19/1.pdf
Arfuso, F., Gaglio, G., Ferrara, M.C., Abbate, F., Giannetto, S. and Brianti, E., 2019. First record of infestation by nasal leeches, Limnatis nilotica (Hirudinida, Praobdellidae), from cattle in Italy. Journal of Veterinary Medical Science, pp.19-0247. https://dx.doi.org/10.1292%2Fjvms.19-0247
Arsham, H., 2002. Questionnaire Design and Surveys Sampling, SySurvey: The Online Survey Tool.
Bahmani, M., Zamani, P., Meshgi, B. and Zadeh, A.R., 2006, June. The first reported infestation in sheep at Limnatis nilotica in Iran. In Sixth National Conference and the First Regional Congress of Parasitology and Parasitic Diseases. Karaj (Vol. 384).
Bahmani, M., Eftekhari, Z., Mohsezadeghan, A., Ghotbian, F. and Alighazi, N., 2012. Leech (Limnatis nilotica) causing respiratory distress in a pregnant cow in Ilam province in Iran. Comparative Clinical Pathology, 21(4), pp.501-503. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00580011-1236-1
Bahmani, M., Golshahi, H., Ghotbian, F. and Bahmani, F., 2013. Internal hirudiniasis in a hen (Gallus gallusdomesticus)–The first report in literature. Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Disease, 3(3), pp.232-234. https://dx.doi.org/10.1016%2FS2222-1808(13)60046-8
Bam, J., Islam, S., Bhattacharya, D., Deka, D.K., Kalita, D.J., Sharma, R.K., Pathak, P., Maiti, S., Bera, A.K. and Deb, S.M., 2016. In-vitro effect of some plant extracts on Buffalo leech Hirudinaria manillensis. Indian J Anim Sci, 86, pp.988-990.
Behçet, A.L., Yenen, M.E. and Aldemir, M., 2011. Rectal bleeding due to leech bite: a case report. Turkish Journal of Trauma & Emergency Surgery, 17(1), pp.83-86. https://doi.org/10.5505/tjtes.2011.75318
Belay, D., Getachew, E., Azage, T. and Hegde, B.H., 2013. Farmers perceived livestock production constraints in Ginchi watershed area: Result of participatory rural appraisal. International Journal of livestock production, 4(8), pp.128-134.
Cherinet, T., 2000. Preliminary studies towards strategic control of parasitic leeches using traditional plants in north western part of the Amhara Region of Ethiopia,
Technical research report, Ethiopian Science and Technology Commission pp. 41
Eguale, T., Abie, G., Sahile, M. and Gizaw, D., 2010. Control of aquatic leeches (Lymnatis nilotica) using Phytolacca dodecandra (Endod) in Sodo District, Gurage Zone, Southern Nations, Nationalities and Peoples Region, Ethiopia. Ethiopian Veterinary Journal, 14(2), pp.125-136. https://doi.org/10.4314/evj.v14i2.63889
Kothari, C.R., 2004. Research methodology: Methods and techniques. New Age International.
Lemma, A., 1984. Background and historical review. Another development in schistosomiasis: the case of Endod for use as a molluscicide. In Phytolacca Dodecandra (Endod): Final Report of the International Scientific Workshop, Lusaka, Zambia, March 1983/editors, Aklilu Lemma, Donald Heyneman, Sitali M. Silangwa. Dublin: Pub. for Zambian Natl Council for Scientific Research by Tycooly Internatl Pub., 1984.
Moghaddar, N., 2011. Fatal hirudiniasis in a cow. Comparative Clinical Pathology, 20(3), pp.205-207. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00580-010-0969-6
Muylle, S., Simoens, P., Lauwers, H. and Van Loon, G., 1999. Age determination in mini‐Shetland ponies and donkeys. Journal of Veterinary Medicine Series A, 46(7), pp.421-429. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1439-0442.1999.00229.x
Negm-Eldin, M.M., Abdraba, A.M. and Benamer, H.E., 2013. The first reported leech infestation by Limnatis nilotica (Savigny 1822) of farm animals in Libya. Travaux de l’Institut Scientifique, Rabat, Série Zoologie, 2013, n°49, 33-36
Nyamsingwa, Z.I., 2016. Studies on prevalence and the importance of cattle leech infestation in Ngorongoro district, Tanzania (Doctoral dissertation, Sokoine University of Agriculture).
Ofukwu, R.A., Ogbaje, C.I. and Akwuobu, C.A., 2008. Preliminary study of the epidemiology of ectoparasite infestation of goats and sheep in Makurdi, north central Nigeria. Sokoto Journal of Veterinary Sciences, 7(2).
Sarathi, K., 2011. Nasal leech infestation causing persistent epistaxis. Journal of Emergencies, Trauma and Shock, 4(3), p.413. https://dx.doi.org/10.4103%2F0974-2700.83875
Singhal, S.K. and Dass, A., 2002. Multiple live leeches from nose in a single patient-A rare entity. Indian Journal of Otolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, 54(2), pp.154-155. https://doi.org/10.1007/bf02968741
Taylor, R.E., 1984. Beef production and the beef industry: a beef producer's perspective. Burgess Publishing Company.
Ullman-Culleré, M.H. and Foltz, C.J., 1999. Body condition scoring: a rapid and accurate method for assessing health status in mice. Comparative Medicine, 49(3), pp.319-323.
Yami, A., and Abebe, G. 2008. Sheep and Goat Management. In Sheep and Goat Production Handbook for Ethiopia. Alemu Yami and R.C. Merkel (Editors). Pp. 38-62.
Yelken, M.K., Okur, M.H. and Yuca, S.A., 2011. Leech Infestation of the Nasopharynx; A Rare Cause of Epistaxis and Hemorrhage. European Journal of General Medicine, 8(2). https://doi.org/10.29333/ejgm/82715