Anemia is one of the most widely spread public health problems, especially in developing countries including Ethiopia. Thus, the aim of this study was to assess the prevalence and associated factors of anemia among children aged 6-59 months in Ethiopia. This study utilized secondary data from the 2016 Ethiopia Demographic and Health Survey. The data were analyzed using by STATA software version 14. Ordinal logistic regression statistical analysis was used to identify risk factors of anemia. Out of 8385 children considered in this study, more than half (57.3%) of them were anemic: 262(3.1%) were severely anemic, 2447(29.2%) were moderately anemic, and 2100(25.0%) were mildly anemic. Mothers’ anemic status and children anemic status were highly associated. Accordingly, among severely anemic mothers, 26.8% of children were severely anemic, among moderately anemic mothers, 39.7% of children were moderately anemic. Mother’s anemic status, place of residence, child age, smoking status, religion, and region of residence were factors associated with a prevalence of childhood anemia. A of anemia among children aged 6-59 months in Ethiopia was a severe public health problem. Thus, creating awareness among mothers how to control and manage the anemia status of their children and Routine iron supplementation are recommended to reduce childhood anemia.