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Research Article
Zu Soh
Hiroshima University
Corresponding Author
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Caenorhabditis elegans can generate locomotion under various environments with completely different drag levels. Therefore, animals should have strategies for adapting to the changes in the dynamics of locomotion imposed by various environments. We hypothesized that co-contraction between the ventral and dorsal body wall muscles plays such a role and validated the presence of a co-contraction strategy through both experimental and mathematical modeling approaches. To this end, the fluorescence of calcium ion (Ca2+) corresponding to a part of activities of the body wall muscles were measured. The results indicated a significant difference in the co-fluorescence rate between the animals moving in low- and high-drag environments. The contribution of co-contraction to the dynamics of locomotion was then analysed using a body dynamics model. The simulation results suggested that co-contraction allows the dominance of body stiffness over viscous drag so that the phase difference between the local curvature of the body and muscle activities can be maintained under different environmental drag levels. Therefore, co-contraction can be an effective strategy for adapting to environmental drag that changes the dynamics of locomotion.
Keywords
locomotion, environments, animals
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Reviewer #4 agreed
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Reviewer #2 agreed
On 12 Jan, 2021
Reviewer #6 agreed
On 12 Jan, 2021
Reviewer #7 agreed
On 12 Jan, 2021
Reviewer #3 agreed
On 12 Jan, 2021
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This preprint is under consideration at Scientific Reports. A preprint is a preliminary version of a manuscript that has not completed peer review at a journal. Research Square does not conduct peer review prior to posting preprints. The posting of a preprint on this server should not be interpreted as an endorsement of its validity or suitability for dissemination as established information or for guiding clinical practice.
Learn more about In Review
Research Article
Zu Soh
Hiroshima University
Corresponding Author
Badges
Prescreen
This manuscript passed our Prescreen assessment
Complete author information
Appropriate declaration statements
Potential risks to human health
Prescreen
Peer Review Timeline
CURRENT STATUS: Under Revision
Version 1
Posted 06 Jan, 2021
No community comments so far
Editorial decision: Major revision
On 26 Feb, 2021
Review #5 received
Received 03 Feb, 2021
Review #2 received
Received 03 Feb, 2021
Review #1 received
Received 03 Feb, 2021
Review #3 received
Received 03 Feb, 2021
Review #4 received
Received 03 Feb, 2021
Reviewer #8 agreed
On 12 Jan, 2021
Reviewer #5 agreed
On 12 Jan, 2021
Reviewer #1 agreed
On 12 Jan, 2021
Reviewer #4 agreed
On 12 Jan, 2021
Reviewer #2 agreed
On 12 Jan, 2021
Reviewer #6 agreed
On 12 Jan, 2021
Reviewer #7 agreed
On 12 Jan, 2021
Reviewer #3 agreed
On 12 Jan, 2021
Reviewers invited
Invitations sent on 10 Jan, 2021
Editor assigned
On 05 Jan, 2021
Editor invited
On 05 Jan, 2021
Submission checks complete
On 05 Jan, 2021
First submitted
On 20 Dec, 2020
Metrics
Comments: 0
PDF Downloads: ...
HTML Views: ...
License:
This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License. Read Full License
Caenorhabditis elegans can generate locomotion under various environments with completely different drag levels. Therefore, animals should have strategies for adapting to the changes in the dynamics of locomotion imposed by various environments. We hypothesized that co-contraction between the ventral and dorsal body wall muscles plays such a role and validated the presence of a co-contraction strategy through both experimental and mathematical modeling approaches. To this end, the fluorescence of calcium ion (Ca2+) corresponding to a part of activities of the body wall muscles were measured. The results indicated a significant difference in the co-fluorescence rate between the animals moving in low- and high-drag environments. The contribution of co-contraction to the dynamics of locomotion was then analysed using a body dynamics model. The simulation results suggested that co-contraction allows the dominance of body stiffness over viscous drag so that the phase difference between the local curvature of the body and muscle activities can be maintained under different environmental drag levels. Therefore, co-contraction can be an effective strategy for adapting to environmental drag that changes the dynamics of locomotion.
Figure 1
Figure 2
Figure 3
Figure 4
Figure 5
Figure 6
This preprint is available for download as a PDF.
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