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Research article
High-Resolution Flow-Simulation in Typhoon 21, 2018: Massive Loss of Submerged Macrophytes in Lake Biwa
Satoshi Nakada
National Institute for Environmental Studies: Kokuritsu Kankyo Kenkyujo
Corresponding Author
ORCiD: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5391-1690
License:
This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License. Read Full License
Global activities of typhoons and hurricanes are gradually changing, and these storms can drastically affect lake ecosystems through the recession of submerged macrophytes that regulate the water quality in lakes. Using an echosounder, we captured the short-term, massive loss of submerged macrophytes attributed to the abnormal fluctuation of the water level induced by the approach of a catastrophic super typhoon in the south basin of Lake Biwa, Japan. This paper investigates the physical processes responsible for the loss of vegetation using a high-resolution circulation model in Lake Biwa as a pilot study area. The circulation model was coupled with dynamical models of the fluid force and erosion acting on the vegetation. Our simulation successfully reproduced the water level fluctuation and high-speed current (torrent) generated by the typhoon gale. The simulated results demonstrate that the fluid force driven by the gale-induced torrent uprooted submerged macrophytes during the typhoon approach and that this fluid force (rather than erosion) caused the outflow of vegetation. As a result, this uprooting attributed to the fluid force induced the massive loss of submerged macrophytes in a large area of the south basin, which might have increased primary production and reduced the stock of fish such as bluegill in the lake. Our approach is practical for evaluating changes in lake environments attributed to the massive outflow of submerged macrophytes under various climate change scenarios. (227 words)
Keywords
flow-simulation, typhoon, submerged macrophytes, Lake Biwa, fluid force
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Posted 29 Dec, 2020
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Received 25 Feb, 2021
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Received 17 Feb, 2021
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On 03 Feb, 2021
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This preprint is under consideration at Progress in Earth and Planetary Science. A preprint is a preliminary version of a manuscript that has not completed peer review at a journal. Research Square does not conduct peer review prior to posting preprints. The posting of a preprint on this server should not be interpreted as an endorsement of its validity or suitability for dissemination as established information or for guiding clinical practice.
Learn more about In Review
Research article
High-Resolution Flow-Simulation in Typhoon 21, 2018: Massive Loss of Submerged Macrophytes in Lake Biwa
Satoshi Nakada
National Institute for Environmental Studies: Kokuritsu Kankyo Kenkyujo
Corresponding Author
ORCiD: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5391-1690
Badges
Prescreen
This manuscript passed our Prescreen assessment
Complete author information
Appropriate declaration statements
Potential risks to human health
Prescreen
Peer Review Timeline
CURRENT STATUS: Under Review
Version 1
Posted 29 Dec, 2020
No community comments so far
Review #2 received
Received 25 Feb, 2021
Review #1 received
Received 17 Feb, 2021
Reviewer #2 agreed
On 05 Feb, 2021
Reviewer #1 agreed
On 03 Feb, 2021
Reviewers invited
Invitations sent on 08 Jan, 2021
First submitted
On 21 Dec, 2020
Editor assigned
On 21 Dec, 2020
Submission checks complete
On 21 Dec, 2020
Editor invited
On 21 Dec, 2020
Metrics
Comments: 0
PDF Downloads: ...
HTML Views: ...
Subject Areas
Marine and Freshwater Ecology
License:
This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License. Read Full License
Global activities of typhoons and hurricanes are gradually changing, and these storms can drastically affect lake ecosystems through the recession of submerged macrophytes that regulate the water quality in lakes. Using an echosounder, we captured the short-term, massive loss of submerged macrophytes attributed to the abnormal fluctuation of the water level induced by the approach of a catastrophic super typhoon in the south basin of Lake Biwa, Japan. This paper investigates the physical processes responsible for the loss of vegetation using a high-resolution circulation model in Lake Biwa as a pilot study area. The circulation model was coupled with dynamical models of the fluid force and erosion acting on the vegetation. Our simulation successfully reproduced the water level fluctuation and high-speed current (torrent) generated by the typhoon gale. The simulated results demonstrate that the fluid force driven by the gale-induced torrent uprooted submerged macrophytes during the typhoon approach and that this fluid force (rather than erosion) caused the outflow of vegetation. As a result, this uprooting attributed to the fluid force induced the massive loss of submerged macrophytes in a large area of the south basin, which might have increased primary production and reduced the stock of fish such as bluegill in the lake. Our approach is practical for evaluating changes in lake environments attributed to the massive outflow of submerged macrophytes under various climate change scenarios. (227 words)
Figure 1
Figure 2
Figure 3
Figure 4
Figure 5
Figure 6
Figure 7
Figure 8
Figure 9
Figure 10
Figure 11
Figure 12
Figure 13
Figure 14
Figure 15
Figure 16
Due to technical limitations, full-text HTML conversion of this manuscript could not be completed. However, the manuscript can be downloaded and accessed as a PDF.