From 2004 to 2005, there were 868,484 deaths across the monitoring areas of China. Males and females accounted for 57.9% (502,434) and 42.1% (366,050) of deaths, respectively. The death toll was 331,521 (38.2%) in eastern China, 299,406 (34.5%) in central China and 237,557 (27.4%) in western China, respectively (data not shown). In 2014, the total mortality count in the monitoring areas increased to 1,643,377, with males and females accounting for 58.7% (965,261) and 41.3% (678,116) of deaths, respectively. Specifically, the death toll was 656,709 (40.0%) in eastern China, 565,285 (34.4%) in central China and 421,383 (25.6%) in western China, respectively (data not shown).
Table 1 shows example calculations for cerebrovascular disease based on the life table method. The LDP of cerebrovascular disease in 2014, , was 23.7% (0.237). Similarly, the LDPs in 2014 for heart disease, respiratory disease, malignancy and injury and poisoning were 24.4%, 19.2%, 15.5%, and 5.3%, respectively (Table 2). And the LDPs in 2004-2005 for cerebrovascular disease, respiratory disease, malignancy, heart disease and injury and poisoning were 24.7%, 19.4%, 18.7%, 17.1% and 6.5%, respectively (Table 3).
Table 1: Calculation on LDP of cerebrovascular disease in 2014, China
(1)
|
(2)
|
(3)
|
(4)
|
(5)
|
(6)
|
(7)=(3)/(2)
|
(8)=(6)*(7)
|
(9)
|
(10)=(9)/(5)
|
0~
|
460.6
|
0.000
|
0.005
|
100 000
|
461
|
0.000
|
0
|
23 743
|
0.237
|
1~
|
50.0
|
0.000
|
0.002
|
99 539
|
199
|
0.002
|
0
|
23 742
|
0.239
|
5~
|
21.6
|
0.000
|
0.001
|
99 341
|
107
|
0.009
|
1
|
23 742
|
0.239
|
10~
|
26.1
|
0.000
|
0.001
|
99 233
|
130
|
0.012
|
2
|
23 741
|
0.239
|
15~
|
35.9
|
0.000
|
0.002
|
99 104
|
178
|
0.032
|
6
|
23 740
|
0.240
|
20~
|
37.7
|
0.000
|
0.002
|
98 926
|
186
|
0.040
|
7
|
23 734
|
0.240
|
25~
|
62.7
|
0.000
|
0.003
|
98 740
|
309
|
0.043
|
13
|
23 727
|
0.240
|
30~
|
85.2
|
0.000
|
0.004
|
98 430
|
419
|
0.073
|
30
|
23 713
|
0.241
|
35~
|
104.2
|
0.000
|
0.005
|
98 012
|
509
|
0.094
|
48
|
23 683
|
0.242
|
40~
|
174.4
|
0.000
|
0.009
|
97 503
|
847
|
0.122
|
103
|
23 635
|
0.242
|
45~
|
230.0
|
0.000
|
0.011
|
96 656
|
1 105
|
0.144
|
159
|
23 531
|
0.243
|
50~
|
437.1
|
0.001
|
0.022
|
95 551
|
2 066
|
0.171
|
353
|
23 372
|
0.245
|
55~
|
557.5
|
0.001
|
0.027
|
93 485
|
2 570
|
0.180
|
462
|
23 018
|
0.246
|
60~
|
1014.7
|
0.002
|
0.049
|
90 915
|
4 498
|
0.202
|
907
|
22 557
|
0.248
|
65~
|
1755.2
|
0.004
|
0.084
|
86 417
|
7 265
|
0.232
|
1 682
|
21 650
|
0.251
|
70~
|
2820.0
|
0.007
|
0.132
|
79 152
|
10 425
|
0.252
|
2 625
|
19 968
|
0.252
|
75~
|
4367.1
|
0.012
|
0.197
|
68 727
|
13 530
|
0.283
|
3 833
|
17 343
|
0.252
|
80~
|
8051.6
|
0.021
|
0.335
|
55 197
|
18 498
|
0.266
|
4 917
|
13 509
|
0.245
|
85+
|
16640.0
|
0.039
|
1.000
|
36 699
|
36 699
|
0.234
|
8 592
|
8 592
|
0.234
|
Note: see the method section for the explanation of each index in row headings.
Table 2: Mortality and LDP for the five leading causes of death by region, 2014, China.
Top 5 leading causes of death
|
Overall
|
Eastern region
|
Central region
|
Western region
|
Mortality rate*
|
LDP%
|
Mortality rare*
|
LDP%
|
Mortality rare*
|
LDP%
|
Mortality rare*
|
LDP%
|
Malignancy
|
155.4
|
19.2
|
175.4
|
21.2
|
144.7
|
18.3
|
139.2
|
16.7
|
Cerebrovascular disease
|
143.6
|
23.7
|
142.5
|
23.0
|
149.0
|
24.9
|
137.6
|
22.5
|
Heart disease
|
141.3
|
24.4
|
144.9
|
23.9
|
151.4
|
27.3
|
121.6
|
20.3
|
Respiratory disease
|
78.2
|
15.5
|
70.9
|
13.7
|
64.3
|
13.2
|
108.7
|
21.4
|
Injury and poisoning
|
49.7
|
5.3
|
45.7
|
5.1
|
48.1
|
5.1
|
58.1
|
5.7
|
*Mortality rate per 100,000 population.
Table 3: Mortality and LDP for the five leading causes of death by region, 2004-2005, China.
Top 5 leading causes of death
|
Overall
|
Eastern region
|
Central region
|
Western region
|
Mortality rate*
|
LDP%
|
Mortality rate*
|
LDP%
|
Mortality rare*
|
LDP%
|
Mortality rare*
|
LDP%
|
Malignancy
|
135.9
|
18.7
|
154.7
|
20.2
|
135.9
|
19.3
|
111.4
|
15.8
|
Cerebrovascular disease
|
136.6
|
24.7
|
146.6
|
25.2
|
146.8
|
26.4
|
111.2
|
21.8
|
Heart disease
|
90.2
|
17.1
|
96.8
|
17.3
|
99.7
|
19.0
|
70.0
|
14.0
|
Respiratory disease
|
96.3
|
19.4
|
91.2
|
17.9
|
84.1
|
17.2
|
117.9
|
24.7
|
Injury and poisoning
|
61.5
|
6.5
|
58.5
|
6.3
|
60.1
|
6.6
|
67.2
|
6.7
|
*Mortality rate is per 100,000 population.
The order of the first five causes of death had changed by using LDPs compared to mortality rates. As shown in Table 2, malignancy had the highest mortality rate in 2014, followed by cerebrovascular disease, heart disease, respiratory disease, and injury and poisoning. However, according to the LDPs, heart disease was the first leading cause of death, followed by cerebrovascular disease, malignancy, respiratory disease and injury and poisoning. The situation in 2004-2005 was similar to that in 2014. As shown in Table 3, cerebrovascular disease had the highest mortality rate from 2004 to 2005 in China, followed by malignancy, respiratory disease, heart disease, and injury and poisoning. However, according to the LDPs, cerebrovascular disease was the first leading cause of death, followed by respiratory system disease, malignancy, heart disease and injury and poisoning. Specifically, from 2004-2005 to 2014, the LDPs of heart disease and malignancy had increased by 7.3% and 0.5%, respectively. In contrast, LDPs due to respiratory disease, injury and poisoning, and cerebrovascular disease decreased by 3.9%, 1.2%, and 1.0%, respectively.
We also observed that there were regional differences in the order of the most common cause of death expressed by different indicators (mortality rate and LDP). In the eastern region, the most common cause of death is malignancy in two different periods (2004-2005 and 2014) indicated by mortality rate, but in the case of LDP, the most common cause of death is cerebrovascular disease in 2004-2005 and heart disease in 2014. In the western region, the most common cause of death is malignancy in 2014 with mortality rate, but the most common cause of death with LDP is cerebrovascular disease in 2014. Different from the eastern and western regions, the rank order of causes of death by mortality rates is the same as LDP in the central region. Across the eastern, central and western regions, malignancy had the highest LDP in the eastern region, cerebrovascular and heart diseases in the central region, and respiratory diseases, and injury and poisoning in the western region.