Author,
publication year
|
Journal Title;
Impact Factor
|
Study Design; Location
|
N
|
Group
|
Death
|
N (each group)
|
MST(in months)
|
RR/HR of death(95%CI)
|
Adjusted major confounders
|
Stage
|
Time and method of depression assessment
|
Length of
study interval
(months)c
|
Buccheri G, 1998
|
European Respiratory Journal, 16.671
|
Cohort Study, Italy
|
95
|
Non-depression
|
21
|
53
|
n.a.
|
|
-
|
I-IV
|
After diagnosis, SDS
|
24
|
|
|
|
|
Depression
|
22
|
42
|
n.a.
|
n.a.
|
-
|
|
|
|
Faller H, 1999
|
Archives of General Psychiatry, n.a.
|
Cross-sectional Study, Germany
|
92
|
Non-depression
|
n.a.
|
51
|
12
|
|
-
|
I-IV
|
After diagnosis and before the beginning of primary treatment, D-S
|
84 ~ 96
|
|
|
|
|
Depression
|
n.a.
|
41
|
10
|
n.a.
|
-
|
|
|
|
Faller H, 2002
|
American Journal of Psychiatry, 18.112
|
Cohort Study, Germany
|
93
|
Non-depression
|
n.a.
|
n.a.
|
n.a.
|
-
|
-
|
I-IV
|
After diagnosis, the Freiburg Questionnaire on Coping With Illness
|
120
|
|
|
|
|
Depression
|
n.a.
|
n.a.
|
n.a.
|
1.91 (1.32–2.77)
|
-
|
|
|
|
Stommel M, 2002
|
Cancer, 6.860
|
Cohort Study, U.S.
|
871
|
Non-depression
|
8
|
188
|
18.53
|
-
|
-
|
I-IV
|
After diagnosis, CES-D
|
19.03
|
|
|
|
|
New Depression
|
22
|
203
|
18.07
|
1.66 (1.16–2.37)
|
-
|
|
|
|
Faller H, 2004
|
Psycho-Oncology, 3.894
|
Cohort Study, Germany
|
57
|
Non-depression
|
n.a.
|
n.a.
|
n.a.
|
-
|
-
|
Ⅲ-IV
|
After diagnosis and before the beginning of primary treatment, HADS
|
36–60
|
|
|
|
|
Depression
|
n.a.
|
n.a.
|
n.a.
|
1.05 (0.98–1.13)
|
iomedicalprognostic factors
|
|
|
|
Nakaya N, 2006
|
Cancer Science, 4.966
|
Cohort Study, Japan
|
229
|
Non-depression
|
50
|
216
|
69
|
|
|
IA-IIIA
|
Postoperative, SCID
|
Median = 69 months, range = 3–89 months
|
|
|
|
|
Depression
|
5
|
13
|
66
|
2.2(0.8-6.0)
|
age in years at the time of cancer diagnosis (≤ 59, 60–69, ≥ 70), sex, smoking status (never smokers, past smokers, quit smokers or continued smokers), methods of diagnosis (mass screening or health checkup, subjective symptoms, follow up for other diseases or unknown), pathological stage (IA, IB, IIA, IIB or IIIA), and preoperative percentage forced expiratory volume in 1s (≥ 70 or < 70).
|
|
|
|
Onitilo AA, 2006
|
General Hospital Psychiatry, 3.238
|
Cohort Study, U.S.
|
19
|
Non-depression
|
6
|
n.a.
|
n.a.
|
|
|
n.a.
|
After diagnosis, CES-D
|
Person-years of follow-up: 100
|
|
|
|
|
Depression
|
n.a.
|
n.a.
|
1.30 (0.48–3.54)
|
age in 1982 (years) and sex
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1.39 (0.49–3.99)
|
age in 1982 (years) and sex, race/ethnicity (White vs. Black/other)
|
|
|
|
Nakaya N, 2008
|
Psycho-Oncology, 3.894
|
Cohort Study, Japan
|
1178
|
Non-depression
|
506
|
917
|
n.a.
|
|
|
I-IV
|
After new diagnosis of lung cancer, HADS
|
29063 person-months
|
|
|
|
|
Depression
|
180
|
261
|
17
|
1.8(1.5–2.3)
|
age at diagnosis, sex, histologic type, educational level (high school or lower or higher), marital status (married or unmarried), cohabitation (live alone or live with someone), and smoking (never smokers, ex-smokers, current smokers of 1–19 cigarettes per day, or current smokers of 20 or more cigarettes per day)
|
|
|
|
Pirl WF, 2008
|
Psychosomatics, 2.386
|
Cohort Study, U.S.
|
43
|
Non-depression
|
7
|
33
|
10.4
|
|
|
IIIB-IV
|
After new diagnosis, HADS
|
6
|
|
|
|
|
Depression
|
6
|
10
|
2.5
|
1.89(0.88–4.06)
|
performance status
|
|
|
|
Akechi T, 2009
|
Psycho-Oncology, 3.894
|
Cohort Study, Japan
|
122
|
Non-depression
|
n.a.
|
n.a.
|
n.a.
|
|
|
III-IV
|
After new diagnosis of lung cancer, HADS
|
24
|
|
|
|
|
Depression
|
n.a.
|
n.a.
|
n.a.
|
0.79 (0.32–1.95)
|
PS, disease stage, histology, hemoglobin, serum LDH, and chemotherapy
|
|
|
|
Angulo CLP, 2011
|
14th World Conference on Lung Cancer, n.a.
|
Cohort Study, Mexico
|
82
|
Non-depression
|
n.a.
|
n.a.
|
6.8
|
|
-
|
IIIB-IV
|
After diagnosis and before the beginning of primary treatment, HADS
|
n.a.
|
|
|
|
|
Depression
|
n.a.
|
n.a.
|
14
|
n.a.
|
-
|
|
|
|
Chen ML, 2011
|
Support Care Cancer, 2.754
|
Cohort Study, Taiwan, China
|
90
|
Non-depression
|
29
|
70
|
24.47
|
|
|
III-IV
|
During the first cycle of chemotherapy, HADS
|
10–30
|
|
|
|
|
Depression
|
14
|
20
|
11.83
|
2.18(1.11–4.28)
|
depressive symptoms, disease stage, gender, and performance status
|
|
|
|
Pirl W, 2011
|
Psycho-Oncology, 3.894
|
Cohort Study, U.S.
|
115
|
Non-depression
|
n.a.
|
n.a.
|
n.a.
|
-
|
-
|
IV
|
After diagnosis and before the beginning of primary treatment, PHQ-9
|
50
|
|
|
|
|
Depression
|
n.a.
|
n.a.
|
n.a.
|
1.56
|
n.a.
|
|
|
|
Nunez-Valencia C, 2012
|
Journal of clinical oncology, 44,544
|
Cohort Study, U.S.
|
82
|
Non-depression
|
n.a.
|
55
|
14
|
|
|
IIIB-IV
|
After diagnosis and before the beginning of primary treatment, HADS and MINI
|
n.a.
|
|
|
|
|
Depression
|
n.a.
|
27
|
6.8
|
1.9 (1.03–3.7)
|
n.a.
|
|
|
|
Pirl WF, 2012
|
Journal of clinical oncology, 44,544
|
Cohort Study, U.S.
|
150
|
Non-depression
|
n.a.
|
129
|
10
|
|
|
III-IV
|
After diagnosis and before the beginning of primary treatment, PHQ-9
|
n.a.
|
|
|
|
|
Depression
|
n.a.
|
21
|
5.4
|
1.82(1.10, 3.01)
|
PS, age, sex, race, marital status, and smoking history
|
|
|
|
Arrieta O, 2013
|
Annals of Surgical Oncology, 5.344
|
Cohort Study, Mexico
|
82
|
Non-depression
|
n.a.
|
27
|
14
|
|
|
IIIB-IV
|
After diagnosis and before the beginning of primary treatment, HADS and MINI
|
Median = 9.6 ± 6 months
|
|
|
|
|
Depression
|
n.a.
|
55
|
6.8
|
1.9 (1.03–3.7)
|
n.a.
|
|
|
|
Sullivan DR, 2014
|
Clinical Oncology, 3.047
|
Cohort Study, U.S.
|
3869
|
Non-depression
|
3001
|
3320
|
6.47
|
|
|
I-IV
|
Before diagnosis of lung cancer, the VISN20 data warehouse (ICD-9: 296.2x/
296.3x/311.xx/309.1x/300.4x/ 309.0x/298.0x)
|
60
|
|
|
|
|
Depression
|
497
|
549
|
7.23
|
1.14(1.03–1.27)
|
age, year of diagnosis, Charlson Comorbidity Index, race/ethnicity, tobacco use at diagnosis, lung cancer stage and histology
|
|
|
|
|
Non-depression
|
n.a.
|
964
|
n.a.
|
-
|
|
I-II
|
|
|
|
|
Depression
|
n.a.
|
158
|
n.a.
|
1.37 (1.12–1.68)
|
age, year of diagnosis, Charlson Comorbidity Index, race/ethnicity and tobacco use at diagnosis
|
|
|
|
|
|
Non-depression
|
n.a.
|
1701
|
n.a.
|
-
|
|
III-IV
|
|
|
|
|
Depression
|
n.a.
|
265
|
n.a.
|
1.02 (0.89–1.16)
|
age, year of diagnosis, Charlson Comorbidity Index, race/ethnicity and tobacco use at diagnosis
|
|
Chen J, 2015
|
Journal of Cancer, 4.207
|
Cross-sectional Study, China
|
126
|
Non-depression
|
n.a.
|
78
|
9.3
|
|
-
|
IIIB-IV
|
After diagnosis and before the beginning of primary treatment, Z-SDS
|
12
|
|
|
|
|
Depression
|
n.a.
|
48
|
6.3
|
n.a.
|
-
|
|
|
|
Kovacevic T, 2016
|
European Respiratory Journal, 16.671
|
Cross-sectional Study, n.a.
|
79
|
Non-depression
|
n.a.
|
64
|
6.83
|
|
|
IIIB-IV
|
After at least one cycle of chemotherapy, HADS
|
|
|
|
|
|
Depression
|
n.a.
|
15
|
7.38
|
n.a.
|
-
|
|
|
12
|
Sullivan DR, 2016
|
Journal of Clinical Oncology, 28.245
|
Cohort Study, U.S.
|
1790
|
Non-depression
|
712
|
1109
|
26.57
|
|
|
I-IV
|
After diagnosis and before the beginning of primary treatment, CES-D
|
n.a.
|
|
|
|
|
Depression
|
488
|
681
|
20.13
|
1.17(1.03–1.32)
|
age, sex, race/ethnicity, lung cancer stage and histology, income, education, marital status, smoking and alcohol use, and Adult Comorbidity Evaluation-27 index
|
|
|
|
I-II: 1.61(1.26–2.04)
III-IV: 1.05(0.91–1.22)
|
Vodermaier A, 2017
|
Journal of Pain and Symptom Management, 3.612
|
Cohort Study, Canada
|
684
|
Non-depression
|
n.a.
|
457
|
n.a.
|
|
|
IIIA-IIIB
|
After diagnosis and before the beginning of primary treatment, PSSCAN
|
n.a.
|
|
|
|
|
Depression
|
234
|
148
|
10.78
|
1.02 (0.99–1.05)
|
n.a.
|
|
|
|
Mulick A, 2019
|
Journal of Psychosomatic Research, 3.006
|
Two-arm Parallel Group Randomised Controlled Study, England
|
142
|
Non-depression
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
|
|
I-IV
|
After diagnosis and before the beginning of primary treatment, SCL-20
|
12 (4.8, 33.6)
|
|
|
|
|
Depression
|
49
|
149
|
n.a.
|
0.96 (0.54, 1.71)
|
explicitly adjusting for cancer and depression severity at baseline and implicitly adjusting for primary cancer, age, and sex.
|
|
|
|
Andersen BL, 2021
|
Psychosomatic Medicine, 4.312
|
Cohort Study, U.S.
|
157
|
Non-depression
|
n.a.
|
n.a.
|
n.a.
|
|
|
IV
|
After diagnosis and before the beginning of primary treatment, PHQ-9
|
Median = 8.7 months
|
|
|
|
|
Depression
|
n.a.
|
n.a.
|
n.a.
|
1.09 (1.03–1.15)
|
age, sex, smoking history, cancer type, treatment, education, and
marital status
|
|
|
|
McFarland DC, 2021
|
Biological Research For Nursing, 2.522
|
Cohort Study, U.S.
|
68
|
Non-depression
|
n.a.
|
n.a.
|
18.53
|
|
|
IV
|
After diagnosis and before the beginning of primary treatment, HADS-D
|
n.a.
|
|
|
|
|
Depression
|
n.a.
|
n.a.
|
16.70
|
1.132 (1.009–1.269)
|
age and BMI
|
|
|
|
McFarland DC, 2021
|
Future Oncology, 3.404
|
Cohort Study, U.S.
|
123
|
Non-depression
|
n.a.
|
95
|
18.60
|
|
|
IV
|
After diagnosis and before the beginning of primary treatment, HADS-D
|
n.a.
|
|
|
|
|
Depression
|
n.a.
|
28
|
10.79
|
1.08 (1.022-1,142)
|
age, sex and BMI
|
|
|
|
Walker J, 2021
|
Psychosomatic Medicine, 4.312
|
Cohort Study, England
|
4476
|
Non-depression
|
n.a.
|
3613
|
n.a.
|
|
|
n.a.
|
After diagnosis and before the beginning of primary treatment, HADS
|
n.a.
|
|
|
|
|
Depression
|
n.a.
|
412
|
n.a.
|
1.39 (1.24–1.56)
|
n.a.
|
|
|
|
Abbreviations: BMI = Body Mass Index; CES-D = Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale; CI = Confidence Interval; D-S = Depression Scale; HADS = Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale; HR = Hazard Ratio; MINI = the International Neuropsychiatric Interview; MST = median survival time; n.a.=not available; N = sample size; PHQ-9 = the Patient Health Questionnaire-9; PS = Performance Status; PSSCAN = Psychosocial Screen for Cancer; RR = Relative Risk; SCID = Structured Clinical Interview for the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental; SCL-20 = the self-rated Symptom Checklist Depression Scale; SDS = Self-rating depression scale; U.S.=United States
|