Genomic Portrait of Community-Associated Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus ST772-SCCmec V Lineage From India
Background
Significant changes in the epidemiology of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) were recognised with the emergence of community-associated methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. However, studies on the molecular epidemiology and the genomic investigation of MRSA are limited in India. The aim of the study was to understand the molecular epidemiology of MRSA causing bloodstream infection and also to investigate the origin and evolution of ST772 S. aureus isolated from India.
Results
SCCmec V (42%) was the predominant gene followed by SCCmec III (27%), SCCmec IV (13%), SCCmec I (7%) and SCCmec II (3%). We demonstrate the presence of multiple SCCmec types in 18 isolates. MLST analysis revealed ten different clonal complexes and three singletons. ST772 (27%), ST22 (19%) and ST239 (16%) were the predominant MRSA genotypes in causing bloodstream infection. The spa types were highly diverse. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that nearly three-fourth of the Indian STT72-SCCmec V isolates belongs to dominant (ST772-A2) and emerging subgroups (ST772-A3). A prophage Φ IND772 carrying PVL toxin and a staphylococcal enterotoxin A was noticed in all isolates, except two. In addition, three distinct genomic islands (vSa-alpha, beta and gamma) were universally seen in all ST772 S. aureus genomes. A pattern of increasing antimicrobial resistance was noticed in the dominant and emerging subgroups. An integrated resistance plasmid encoding resistance clusters for beta-lactam (blaZ), macrolides (mphC, msrA), and aminoglycoside resistance (aphA-III, sat-4, aadE) was identified in all isolates, except four basal strains. ST772-SCCmec V was emerged on the Indian subcontinent in 1964 and diverged into a dominant subgroup in 1991. Furthermore, the expansion is likely to be associated with the acqusition of mobile genetic elements such as integrated resistance plasmid and SCCmec V (5C2) as well as the fixation of double serine mutation (S84L, S80Y) in the quinolone resistance determining region.
Conclusions
ST772-SCCmec V has the multi-drug resistance trait of hospital-associated (HA) MRSA and the epidemiological characteristics of CA-MRSA. ST772 S. aureus have consistent virulence and resistance determinants which may results in successful survival in both community and hospital settings.
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Posted 12 Jan, 2021
On 19 Jan, 2021
On 19 Jan, 2021
On 19 Jan, 2021
On 19 Jan, 2021
On 19 Jan, 2021
On 19 Jan, 2021
On 19 Jan, 2021
On 19 Jan, 2021
Invitations sent on 18 Jan, 2021
On 12 Jan, 2021
On 08 Jan, 2021
On 08 Jan, 2021
On 06 Jan, 2021
Genomic Portrait of Community-Associated Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus ST772-SCCmec V Lineage From India
Posted 12 Jan, 2021
On 19 Jan, 2021
On 19 Jan, 2021
On 19 Jan, 2021
On 19 Jan, 2021
On 19 Jan, 2021
On 19 Jan, 2021
On 19 Jan, 2021
On 19 Jan, 2021
Invitations sent on 18 Jan, 2021
On 12 Jan, 2021
On 08 Jan, 2021
On 08 Jan, 2021
On 06 Jan, 2021
Background
Significant changes in the epidemiology of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) were recognised with the emergence of community-associated methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. However, studies on the molecular epidemiology and the genomic investigation of MRSA are limited in India. The aim of the study was to understand the molecular epidemiology of MRSA causing bloodstream infection and also to investigate the origin and evolution of ST772 S. aureus isolated from India.
Results
SCCmec V (42%) was the predominant gene followed by SCCmec III (27%), SCCmec IV (13%), SCCmec I (7%) and SCCmec II (3%). We demonstrate the presence of multiple SCCmec types in 18 isolates. MLST analysis revealed ten different clonal complexes and three singletons. ST772 (27%), ST22 (19%) and ST239 (16%) were the predominant MRSA genotypes in causing bloodstream infection. The spa types were highly diverse. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that nearly three-fourth of the Indian STT72-SCCmec V isolates belongs to dominant (ST772-A2) and emerging subgroups (ST772-A3). A prophage Φ IND772 carrying PVL toxin and a staphylococcal enterotoxin A was noticed in all isolates, except two. In addition, three distinct genomic islands (vSa-alpha, beta and gamma) were universally seen in all ST772 S. aureus genomes. A pattern of increasing antimicrobial resistance was noticed in the dominant and emerging subgroups. An integrated resistance plasmid encoding resistance clusters for beta-lactam (blaZ), macrolides (mphC, msrA), and aminoglycoside resistance (aphA-III, sat-4, aadE) was identified in all isolates, except four basal strains. ST772-SCCmec V was emerged on the Indian subcontinent in 1964 and diverged into a dominant subgroup in 1991. Furthermore, the expansion is likely to be associated with the acqusition of mobile genetic elements such as integrated resistance plasmid and SCCmec V (5C2) as well as the fixation of double serine mutation (S84L, S80Y) in the quinolone resistance determining region.
Conclusions
ST772-SCCmec V has the multi-drug resistance trait of hospital-associated (HA) MRSA and the epidemiological characteristics of CA-MRSA. ST772 S. aureus have consistent virulence and resistance determinants which may results in successful survival in both community and hospital settings.
Figure 1
Figure 2
Figure 3