One of the study's objectives is to use stakeholders' virtual preferences for landscape elements to enhance urban environments in Egypt by integrating these elements into CWP design. As a result, numerous studies have explored the importance of visual variety in developing landscape features for users, with varying findings that help maximize the positive influence of these aspects on park users, such as the water surface area and planting on landscaping and design. Our study's findings also corroborate those of earlier studies. However, the results indicate that stakeholders preferred the park with the most significant water surface area (Lotus Lake National Wetland Park), owing to the character of Egyptian culture, which is attracted to water bodies for a living (Hamimi et al. 2019; Allam and Allam 2007), and habitation.
The findings indicated that stakeholders' virtual preferences for (Lotus Lake National Wetland Park and Mill River Park and greenway) were comparable because the walkways were aligned and parallel to the water surface areas, with a strong visual relationship to the water surface and walkways. Additionally, the dynamic landscape element design and the quality of the finishing materials were comparable (Abd El Aziz 2016.).The length of the walkways in the Wadi Hanifa wetlands Park, the absence of potential functions for the walkways, and the lack of visual design resulted in boredom and decreased stakeholder preference. Apart from the use of attractive theme colors, respondents' prefer the design of the most intimate, environmentally friendly seating areas tailored visually with the design of walkways.
For seats, the design of the sitting areas in Shanghai Houtan Park obtained the most virtual preference due to their consistency with and suitability for CWP design and their use of distinguishing theme colors. An innovative park design that incorporates more intimate areas that represent attractive visual patterns, diverse seating areas for individuals and groups, and a sense of social belonging (Moussa and Mahmoud 2017), whereas the Mill River Park and greenway keep sitting areas away from water surface areas, and the lack of attractive seating design results in being the least visually attractive.
Stakeholders appreciate smooth and horizontal plazas. Thus, the plazas in Mill River Park and the greenway gained the most preferred, as they were aesthetically integrated with the design of the water surfaces and the variety of planting. Reverse the result of not preferring the plazas at Qunli Storm Water Park. The greener, visibly extended, and denser component (Sowińska-Świerkosz and Michalik-Śnieżek 2020) was preferred by stakeholders due to the nature of the need for individuals to feel green in Egypt cities that lack urban green surfaces (Ayman et al. 2011), as well as the requirement for shade in Egypt's climate (Zayed 2016). Mill River Park and greenway had less preference due to the lake's dense planting, the use of fewer shade trees, and the project's location.
The variety of theme colors used throughout the Mill River Park and greenway and the visual diversity contributed to its selection as the most significant preference ratio. Additionally, multiple tree formations create a visual connection between the tree theme colors and the water surface areas, enhancing the project's attractive appearance. Qunli storm Water Park received low aesthetic preference due to a lack of theme colors variation and a lake that did not visually attract Egyptian users.