White-Traut and Nelson (56)
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Directly modifying the interaction between mother and infant via maternally administered intervention.
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RISS (Rice Infant Sensorimotor Stimulation Technique): mothers provided tactile stimulation (touch or massage), vestibular stimulation (rocking), auditive and visual stimulation (eye-to-eye contact).
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• Mothers administered RISS protocol four times
• 15 minutes
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First three days after birth.
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Verbal instructions, pictures that illustrated the technique, and
demonstration of the technique on a doll, were used for teaching the RISS.
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First author (nurse).
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Passive + Active
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Meyer, Coll (45)
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Address the needs of parents and their high-risk infant and improve parenting and family factors likely to affect infant development.
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Individualized intervention based on initial interview to identify parent’s needs on four domains:
o NBAS evaluation + strategies thought to parents to support development;
o Family organisation;
o Modification of care environment + guided interaction;
o Care after discharge.
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• Number of sessions depended on family needs and duration of hospitalisation
• 1hr to 1hr30min sessions
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Started when infant health was stable and finished before discharge (2 to 8 weeks).
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Individualized family-based intervention.
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Pediatrician, nurse and physical therapist.
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Passive + Active
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Browne and Talmi (59)
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Increase knowledge and contingent mother infant interaction and decrease parental stress.
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Individualized demonstration of preterm infant’s reflexes, motor capacities and sleep-wake cycles using the APIB.
Then, mothers were instructed to interact with their infant using the Mother’s Assessment of the Behavior of her Infant (MABI).
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• One session
• 45 minutes
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From NICU admission to the week before discharge.
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Individual session.
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Not reported.
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Active
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Melnyk, Feinstein (63)
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Strengthen parents’ knowledge and beliefs about their preterm infants and their own parenting role and remove barriers that would inhibit them from participating in their infants’ care and interacting with them in a developmentally sensitive manner.
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COPE – Information given on 1) the appearance and behavioral characteristics of premature infants (infant-behavior information) and how parents can participate in their infants’ care, meet their infants’ needs, enhance quality of interaction with their infant, and facilitate their infant’s development (parent-role information) and 2) activities that assist parents in implementing the experimental information.
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• Content was given to parents in four phases
• Duration not applicable
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From first week after birth to first week post discharge.
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Educational-behavioral intervention through audio and written information given to parents.
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Not applicable.
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Passive
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Glazebrook, Marlow (60)
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Enhance parents’ observations of their baby and sensitivity to cues through a series of activities which follow the progression of care from incubator to home.
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Parent Baby Interaction Program (PBIP): Tactile, discussion, verbal, observation and developmental care activities.
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• Weekly sessions
• 1-hr
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From NICU admission to discharge. Option to continue six weeks after discharge.
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Individual sessions.
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Neonatal nurse.
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Active
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Chiu and Anderson (61)
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Enhance mother–preterm infant interaction.
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Preterm infants placed in skin-to-skin contact (SSC) after birth. SSC was encouraged as long as possible and as frequently as possible.
Guidance provided to recognize hunger cues.
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• One session + guidance during SSC
• Not reported
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From birth to NICU discharge.
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At birth mothers are encouraged to begin SSC as early, as often, and for as long as possible.
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Nurse.
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Active
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Newnham, Milgrom (46)
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Enhance the quality of mother–infant interaction by teaching the mothers of low-birth-weight infants to be more sensitive and responsive to their babies’ physiological and social cues.
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Modified Mother-Infant Transaction Program (MITP): psychoeducational intervention on five main topics: 1) becoming acquainted, 2) Recognizing infant disorganisation/stress and availability and then applying those principles during care and play, 3) bath session, where mothers (who bathed their infants) were helped to recognize, and appropriately respond to infant disorganisation and stress, 4) regulate infant responses through play in home setting, and 5) Recognizing temperamental characteristics in infants and parenting to different temperaments
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• Nine sessions
• 30 min. to 1- hr
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Weeks before discharge to 3 months CA.
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Verbal instruction, infant observation, practical experience in handling infants and modeling, as well as written materials.
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First author (psychologist).
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Passive + Active
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Teti, Black (57)
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Promote parents’ awareness of infant bodily and social cues and parents’ sensitivity and confidence in handling their infants.
Provide parents with information, via instruction and demonstration, about premature infants’ capacities for interacting with the world, how to recognize and respond appropriately to infant cues, and the role of parent–infant interaction in optimizing infant development.
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Parentally administered infant massage designed to promote infant development and, in this case, parental knowledge of subtle infant cues and
feeling of intimacy toward their infants. Parent-focused psychoeducational
intervention designed to foster parents’ knowledge about preterm infants’ capabilities and needs and how best to read, respond to, and facilitate infant social behavior.
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• Eight sessions
• 1-hr
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20-week intervention from NICU to post-discharge.
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Not reported.
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Not reported.
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Passive + Active
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Ravn, Smith (47)
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Help parents appreciate their infant’s unique characteristics, temperament, and developmental potential, make the parents more sensitive and responsive to their infants’ physiological and social cues, particularly those that signal stimulus overload.
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MITP: Interaction guidance focusing on teaching the parents to understand the individuality of an atypical child, to establish a good pattern of interaction and to encourage the parents to enjoy their infants.
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• Eleven sessions
• 1-hr
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Last week before discharge to 3rd month after discharge.
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Individualized interaction guidance.
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Neonatal nurses.
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Active
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Zelkowitz, Feeley (58)
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Reduce maternal anxiety and enhance maternal sensitivity by intervening at the level of both maternal distress and
maternal interactive behavior to promote a better
parenting environment and thereby optimize the child’s cognitive and social development.
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CUES: educational intervention for mothers to
o recognize signs of their anxiety/distress;
o use various strategies to alleviate their distress;
o read their infant’s communication cues;
o respond sensitively to their infant’s cues and distress.
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• Six sessions
• 1-hr
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Starting ~ 33 days after birth until 6–8 weeks of CA.
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Individual sessions of teaching and one individual of video interaction guidance.
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Nurse or psychologist.
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Passive + Active
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Milgrom, Newnham (64)
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Enhance the quality of mother–infant interaction by teaching the mothers of low-birth-weight infants to be more sensitive and responsive to their babies’ physiological and social cues.
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Enhanced MITP (PremieStart program).
Mothers trained to increase their sensitivity in recognizing signs of infant stress including “shut-down” mechanisms, alert-available behavior, facial expressions, quality of motor behaviors, posture and muscle tone; how to provide graded stimulation; and how to avoid overwhelming infants; focus on touch, movement and massage; SSC; multi-sensory stimulation; debriefing and normalizing parental feelings; challenging dysfunctional thoughts, and parental diary keeping.
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• Nine weekly sessions and one session post-discharge
• 1-hr
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From first week after birth to first week post discharge.
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Individual psychoeducational intervention.
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Psychologists.
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Passive
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White-Traut, Norr (48)
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Not reported.
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H-HOPE (Hospital to Home: Optimizing the Infant’s Environment) – combination of guided participation of mothers to Auditory Tactile, Visual and Vestibular-rocking stimulation (ATVV)
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ATVV:
• Twice daily
• 15 min per session
Maternal sessions:
• 6 sessions
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From 32 weeks of GA to 1-month CA.
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Mothers were thought to administer the ATVV during the maternal sessions.
Otherwise, mothers administered ATVV.
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Nurse advocate team.
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Active
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Borghini, Habersaat (49)
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Enhance the quality of parental caregiving as a support to the infant’s global development by improving parents’ observation and understanding of the specific competencies of their preterm infant (particularly interactional competencies) and promote parents’ sensitivity and responsiveness towards their infant’s behavioral characteristics.
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At 33 weeks of GA: joint observation of infant’s reactions to various stimuli during standard care procedures.
At 4 months CA: 10-min mother-infant free play videotaped followed by video interaction guidance.
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• Four sessions
• 30–60 minutes
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First session at 33 weeks of GA. Three sessions one-week apart during 4th month CA.
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Individual sessions of interaction guidance and video interaction guidance.
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Nurse and therapist.
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Active
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Hane, Myers (28)
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Establish an emotional connection and a Calming Cycle routine between the mother and her premature infant.
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Family Nurture Intervention (FNI): mothers are involved in calming interventions which is facilitated by a nurture specialist.
o Scent cloth exchange;
o Vocal soothing and emotion expression;
o Eye contact;
o Skin-to-skin and clothed holding.
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• Average of 3.5 sessions/week
• ~ 6hr/week
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From NICU admission to discharge depending on availabilities of mothers.
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Individual sessions of guided participation.
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Nurture specialists (former nurses).
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Active
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Hoffenkamp, Tooten (50)
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Facilitate parental bonding, to enhance the quality of parental interactive behavior, and to promote parental well-being using edited video recordings of parent-infant interactions.
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Parent-infant interaction videotaped during daily moments of caregiving such at bathing, changing and feeding. Video is then reviewed and discussed with the parents.
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• Three sessions
• Duration not reported
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During first week after birth.
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Individual sessions of video interaction guidance.
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Trained nurses and pedagogic workers.
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Active
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Evans, Boyd (65)
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Prevent severe emotional, behavioral and developmental problems in both children and adolescents.
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Triple P is an educational intervention covering four main topics: 1) survival skills, 2) partner support, 3) positive parenting, and 4) responding to your baby.
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• Four sessions
• 2-hr
• Four post-discharge phone calls
• 30-minutes
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From NICU hospitalisation to 12 months CA.
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Not reported.
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Trained facilitators.
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Passive
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Sahlen Helmer, Birberg Thornberg (62)
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Increase time spent in SSC to improve mother-infant interaction.
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Continuous skin-to-skin contacts between mother and infant.
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• Continuously (> 20-hr/day)
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First seven days of life.
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Not applicable.
|
Not applicable.
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Active
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Twohig, Segurado (51)
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Not reported.
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Reflective interview, observation of infant cues and video interaction guidance.
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• Three sessions
• 1-hr to 1.5-hr
|
Not reported.
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Individual sessions.
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First author (clinician/researcher)
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Active
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