1 Cooper C, Campion G, Melton LJ 3rd. Hip fractures in the elderly: A worldwide projection. Osteoporos Int. 1992;2:285-9.
2 Rainfray M, Dehail P, Salles N Complications of immobility and bed rest. Prevention and management. Rev Prat. 2007;57:671-6
3 Park MS, Cho HM, Kim JH, Shin WJ. Cementless bipolar hemiarthroplasty using a rectangular cross-section stem for unstable intertrochanteric fractures. Hip Int. 2013;23:316-22.
4 Andress HJ, Kahl S, Kranz C, Gierer P, Schurmann M, Lob G. Clinical and finite element analysis of a modular femoral prosthesis consisting of a head and stem component in the treatment of pertrochanteric fractures. J Orthop Trauma. 2000;14:546-53.
5 Talmo CT, Bono JV. Treatment of intertrochanteric nonunion of proximal femur using the S-ROM prosthesis. Orthopaedics 2008;31:125. doi:10.3928/01477447-20080201-35.
6 Kayali C, Agus H, Ozluk S, Sanli CJ. Treatment for unstable intertrochanteric fractures in elderly patients: internal fixation versus cone hemiarthroplasty. Orthop Surg (Hong Kong). 2006;14:240-4.
7 Lee YK, Won H, Roa KRU, Ha YC, Koo KH. Bipolar hemiarthroplasty using microarc oxidation-coated cementless stem in patients with unstable intertrochanteric fracture. J Orthop Surg (Hong Kong). 2019;27:2309499019847815.
8 Lee YK, Ha YC, Chang BK, Kim KC, Kim TY, Koo KH. Cementless bipolar hemiarthroplasty using a hydroxyapatite-coated long stem for osteoporotic unstable intertrochanteric fractures. J Arthroplasty 2011;26:626-32.
9 Lee YK, Joung HY, Kim SH, Ha YC, Koo KH. Cementless bipolar hemiarthroplasty using a micro-arc oxidation coated stem in patients with displaced femoral neck fractures. J Arthroplasty 2014;29:2388-92.
10. Dorr LD, Faugere MC, Mackel AM, Gruen TA, Bognar B, Malluche HH. Structural and cellular assessment of bone quality of proximal femur. Bone. 1993;14:231-42.
11 Cho HM, Lee K, Min W, Choi YS, Lee HS, Mun HJ, et al. Survival and functional outcomes after hip fracture among nursing home residents. J Korean Med Sci. 2016;31:89-97.
12 Harris WH. Traumatic arthritis of the hip after dislocation and acetabular fractures: treatment by mold arthroplasty. An end-result study using a new method of result evaluation. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 1969;51:737-55.
13 Engh CA, Hooten Jr JP, Zettl-Schaffer KF, Ghaffarpour M, McGovern TF, Macalino GE, et al. Porous-coated total hip replacement. Clin Orthop Relat Res. 1994:89-96.
14 Lee YK, Ha YC, Chang BK, Kim KC, Kim TY, Koo KH. Cementless bipolar hemiarthroplasty using a hydroxyapatite-coated long stem for osteoporotic unstable intertrochanteric fractures. J Arthroplasty. 2011;4:626-32.
15 Brooker AF, Bowerman JW, Robinson RA, Riley Jr LH. Ectopic ossification following total hip replacement. Incidence and a method of classification. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 1973;55:1629-32.
16 Guzon-Illescas O, Perez Fernandez E, Crespí Villarias N, Quirós Donate FJ, Peña M, Alonso-Blas C, et al. Mortality after osteoporotic hip fracture: incidence, trends, and associated factors. J Orthop Surg Res 2019;4;14:203. doi:10.1186/s13018-019-1226-6
17 Frost SA, Nguyen ND, Center JR, Eisman JA, Nguyen TV. Excess mortality attributable to hip-fracture: a relative survival analysis. Bone. 2013;56:23-9.
18 Khanuja HS, Vakil JJ, Goddard MS, Mont MA. Cementless femoral fixation in total hip arthroplasty. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 2011;93:500-9.
19 Yamada H, Yoshihara Y, Henmi O, Morita M, Shiromoto Y, Kawano T, et al. Cementless total hip replacement: past, present, and future. J Orthop Sci. 2009;14:228-41
20 Schuh A, Schraml A, Hohenberger G. Long-term results of the Wagner cone prosthesis. Int Orthop 2007;33:53-8.
21 Russell RD, Pierce W, Huo MH. Tapered vs. cylindrical stem fixation in a model of femoral bone deficiency in revision total hip arthroplasty. J Arthroplasty 2016;31:1352-5.
22 Zhu J, Shen C, Chen X, Cui Y, Peng J, Cai G. Total hip arthroplasty with a non-modular conical stem and transverse subtrochanteric osteotomy in treatment of high dislocated hips. J Arthroplasty. 2015;30:611-4.
23 Zweymüller K, Semlitsch M. Concept and material properties of a cementless hip prosthesis system with Al2O3 ceramic ball heads and wrought Ti-6Al-4V stems. Arch Orthop Trauma Surg. 1982;100:229-36.
24 Janda W, Hübl M, Stöckl B, Thaler, M, Labek, G. Performance of the Zweymüller total hip arthroplasty system: a literature review including arthroplasty register data. Eur Orthop Traumatol. 2010;1:9-15.
25 Affatato S, Comitini S, Fosco M, Toni A, Tigani D. Radiological identification of Zweymüller-type femoral stem prosthesis in revision cases. Int Orthop 2016;40:2261-9.
26 Engh CA, McGovern TF, Bobyn JD, Harris WH. A quantitative evaluation of periprosthetic bone-remodeling after cementless total hip arthroplasty. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 1992;74:1009-20.
27 Engh CA, O’Connor D, Jasty M, McGovern TF, Bobyn JD, Harris WH. Quantification of implant micromotion, strain shielding, and bone resorption with porous-coated anatomic medullary locking femoral prostheses. Clin Orthop. 1992;285:13-29.
28 Paprosky WG, Greidanus NV, Antoniou J. Minimum 10-year-results of extensively porous-coated stems in revision hip arthroplasty. Clin Orthop Relat Res. 1999:369:230-42.
29 Sangiorgio SN, Ebramzadeh E, Borkowski SL, Oakes DA, Reid JJ, Bengs BC. Effect of proximal femoral bone support on the fixation of a press-fit noncemented total hip replacement femoral component. J Appl Biomater Funct Mater. 2013;11:e26-34.
30 Delaunay C, Bonnomet F, North J, Jobard D, Cazeau C, Kempf JF. Grit-blasted titanium femoral stem in cementless primary total hip arthroplasty: a 5- to 10-year multicenter study. J Arthroplasty. 2001;16:47-54.
31 Delaunay C, Kapandji AI. Survival analysis of cementless grit-blasted titanium total hip arthroplasties. J Bone Joint Surg Br. 2001;83:408-13.
32 Kang JS, Ko SH, Na Y, Youn YH. Clinical and radiological outcomes of rectangular tapered cementless stem according to proximal femoral geometry in elderly Asian patients. Hip Pelvis. 2019;31:224-31.
33 Mueller LA, Nowak TE, Haeberle L, Mueller LP, Kress A, Voelk M, et al. Progressive femoral cortical and cancellous bone density loss after uncemented tapered-design stem fixation. Acta Orthop 2010;81:171-7.