In the Indian subcontinent there is almost no scientific study about the breeding biology of Rufous-bellied woodpecker (RBW) (Dendrocopos hyperythrus). Keeping this fact in view an attempt was made to understand the breeding biology of RBW during its breeding season from March 2018 to July 2020 in Kedarnath Wildlife Sanctuary (Western Himalayas), Uttarakhand. Results indicated that the breeding season of RBW extends from March to July. RBW is a primary cavity nester in which male woodpecker builds the nest on selected tree species such as Buransh (Rhododendron arboreum), Utis (Alnus nepalensis), Kharsu (Quercus semecarpifolia), Akhrot (Juglans regia), and Moru (Quercus floribunda). The most preferred tree species to build cavity nest by the study species was Buransh (Rhododendron arboreum) (N =5). Twelve active nests were located on tree trunks and branches. A nest was found abandoned before completion by the pair due to conflict with Himalayan woodpecker (Dendrocopos himalayensis) which built the nest on the same tree (Rhododendron arboreum). One egg was laid daily. The clutch size ranged from 2 to 3 with an average of 2.72 ± 0.12 eggs and the incubation period ranged between 16 to 18 days (Mean 16.72 ± 0.20 days). The average provisioning period was 25.81±0.36 days (Range 24 – 28 days). The average depth of the nest was found 29.5±6.67 cm (range 22 to 45 cm) and diameter of the cavity opening was 7.09±0.07 cm (Range 7.0 to 7.2 cm). Nests (N=12) were made at the height between 7 and 28 feet above ground with an average height of 19.08±6.08 feet. All the nesting sites were found between 1700-2579 m (ASL). Nests were excavated in all the directions except for North and northeast.