Robust Laser Beam Attenuation Characteristics Using Novel Polymeric Nanocomposite

doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-1521685/v1

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Robust Laser Beam Attenuation Characteristics Using Novel Polymeric Nanocomposite

https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-1521685/v1

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published 26 Dec, 2022

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Novel polymer nanocomposites polyethylene oxide (PEO) with lead oxide (Pb₃O₄) semiconductor nanoparticles were prepared using solution casting technique and investigated experimentally. A robust laser power attenuation for semiconductor laser and green laser were obtained for different concentrations (0, 3, 6, and 9) wt% of Pb₃O₄ in the polymer matrix (PEO), and different angle of laser beam incidence. Polymer nanocomposites have applications in electromagnetic absorption shields, cut-off laser filters, and photo-electronics.

Polymer nano-composite

polyethylene oxide

Pb3O4 nanoparticles

Semiconductor laser

Laser power attenuation

The polymer nanocomposites (PNC) are a mixing polymer matrix with metal or semiconductor particles with average diameters below 50–100 nm (nanoparticles, nanosized particles) (Darwish et al. 2022; Caseri et al. 2000). PNC properties have been a subject of high interest and large number of published work for the last two decades (Zare et al. 2013; Aziz et al. 2017). These properties include: electrical conductivity, mechanical properties (e.g. strength, dimensional stability), chemical, structural and optical properties.

Recently the optical properties of PNC attracted researcher attention (Al-Faleh et al. 2011; Dhatarwal et al. 2021), which is the main part of the present work. The ability to control properties, structures and compositions at nanoscale lead to create a new materials with great performance used in variety advanced applications (Hasan et al. 2009; Ali et al. 2021).

Nanocomposite thin films are widely utilized and are promising candidates for versatile applications ranging from packaging, energy storage to electromagnetic absorption (Laser attenuation), safety, defense systems and electromagnetic absorption shields (Youssef et al. 2013; Wang et al. 2018). The variety application of the new PNC comes for the fact that they possess many attractive features, including good mechanical, electrical and optical properties beside the low cost, low density, and easy processing features.

Previous studies have shown that the polymer nanocomposites are commonly utilized in laser power attenuation processes (AlAbdulaal et al. 2020; Ali et al. 2019). The influence of nanoparticles as filler in polymer matrix such as PMMA (Abutalib et al. 2018), PVA (Yahia et al. 2017; Darwish et al. 2021) on laser beam attenuation using green laser and He-Ne laser beam have been explored extensively. (Yahia et al. 2018), reported the normalized output power for He-Ne laser decreased from 0.837 (for pure PVA) to 0.008 (for 37.037 wt% of Tio₂) and for green laser decreased from 0.865 (for pure PVA) to 0.004 (for 37.037 wt% Tio₂). These advantages makes the TiO₂: PVA nanocomposites which has a wide range of CUT-OFF laser filters. Mohammed et. al. 2019), have reported the transmittance He-Ne laser is very high and reached 85% for high concentration of RhB-doped PMMA/FTO thin film, also, the normalized output power for green laser at 532 nm decrease from 0.91 to 0.24 by addition of RhB to PMMA host matrix. So, the application of optical limiting of the green laser light with wavelength = 532 nm for CUT-OFF laser filter and the applications of photo-electronic. (Ismail et al. 2020) previously reported it can decrease the normalized output of He-Ne laser at 632.8 nm by the increase the g-C₃N₄ in the PVA polymer matrix from, so these nanocomposites showed low transmittance in the UV-range at higher g-C₃N₄ content, referring to their applicability on various applications such as CUT-OFF and UV-laser filters.

Despite the fact that numerous studies have been conducted of laser beam power attenuation using variety polymer nanocomposites, little attention has been paid to laser beam power attenuation when parameters like the angle between the laser beam incidence and sample surface, the distance between the sample and power meter are changed. In this paper, we report the experimental study of the influence of semiconductor nanoparticles of in polyethylene oxide (PEO) matrix on laser beam attenuation using green laser (532 nm) and semiconductor laser (632.8 nm). In Section 2 the method of samples preparation and the experimental setup used for the investigations were introduced. In Section 3 the experimentally results regarding the laser power attenuation with changing the parameters including the angle of laser beam incidence, the distance between the sample and power meter were analyzed. To best of our knowledge, this is first time these the influence of parameters investigated in the laser beam attenuation characteristics.

Polyethylene oxide (PEO) of chemical formula [¾CH₂¾O¾CH₂¾]_nwas used as a host polymer, and was supplied from Sigma-Aldrich. A filter nano-powder of Pb₃O₄ from BHD England was used. The pure PEO and doped with various concentration Pb₃O₄ nanocomposites films were prepared. Also, the four individual solutions were prepared by dispersing difference weight ratios of Pb₃O₄ (i.e., 0, 3, 6, and 9) wt% in 90 ml of acetonitrile and using Ultrasonication devices for homogenous dispersed Pb₃O₄ in acetonitrile, and the obtained mixtures were stir using a magnetic stirrer.

After that 1 g of PEO were added to the Pb₃O₄ solutions under continuous stirring for 4 h until clear homogenous solutions were achieved. The resulting PEO systems were labeled as PEONC0, PEONC1, PEONC2, and PEONC3, for various concentrations Pb₃O₄ respectively. The homogenous solution were cast into glass petri dishes (with diameter 8.9 cm) and the films obtained after left for slow drying in air. After 3 days the dried samples, were removed from petri dishes. Finally the obtained samples were cut with required shape and size, and prepared for different investigation of laser power attenuation experiments.

The two laser systems including the green laser (with a wavelength of 532 nm) and semiconductor laser system (with a wavelength of 650 nm), were used for demonstration the ability of the prepared thin films to attenuate laser beam power. A sensitive detector and digital power meter (Lambda Light Power Meter) were used to record the laser power attenuation characteristics for all samples.

Following sections explain the great influences of several parameters on laser beam power attenuation, including: laser beam incidence angle, distance between the sample and power meter, concentration of the nanofiller.

The influence of laser beam incident angle on laser power attenuation

Laser beam attenuation characteristics were investigated using different angle of incidence to the surface of thin films. The two laser systems have been used including the green laser (with output power of 1.5 mW) and the semiconductor laser (with output power of 15 mW). Fig.2, shows the normalized output power attenuation for pure PEO using green laser (green line) as a function of incidence angle of laser beam on the thin film. From the figure it can be seen clearly that the normalized output power decreases greatly with decreasing the angle from normal incidence (90°) which means reduction of perpendicularity. For the normal incidence of laser beam on the sample the normalized output power is 0.14, while for the incidence angle of 135°/45° the normalized output power will became 0.07.

Similar results of laser beam attenuation were obtained for pure PEO thin film using semiconductor laser system (fig.2, red line). The normalized output power for the normal angle (angle of incidence 90°) between laser beam and the surface of the samples is 0.076, while for the angle of incidence 135°/45° the normalized output power became 0.031.

The physical principles and mechanism of the increasing the laser beam power absorption by the samples with decreasing/ increasing the angle of laser beam incidence from the normal incidence (90°) explained as follow: When the angle of incidence change and the thin film became tilt the sample, the laser beam radiation will passes more distance, in turn when the sample tilt has more molecules per unit volume, which means more absorption or more attenuation of the laser beam power, for both green laser and semiconductor laser (Poornesh et al. 2009). The change in normalized output power for green laser is greater than the change in normalized output power for semiconductor laser, this is partially related to the shorter wavelength of green laser. Also possibly the prepared pure PEO thin film samples more sensitive to the shorter wavelength.

Laser beam attenuation characteristics with changing the distance between sample and the power meter.

The influence of the changing the distance between the pure PEO thin film and the power meter were investigated for both green laser and semiconductor laser. The green laser with output power 1.5 mW and semiconductor laser with the output power 25 mW were used for this part of our work. From the fig.3, it can be seen that the distance between the sample and the power meter has great impact on the laser beam power attenuation. The normalized power have maximum values 0.46, 0.32 for green laser and semiconductor laser respectively with the zero distance (when the sample placed directly in front of the optical power meter). The figure shows that when the distance between the sample and optical power meter is 6 cm, the normalized output power decreases rapidly to 0.14, 0.044 for green laser and semiconductor laser respectively.

The decreasing in normalized output power with increasing the distance between the sample and the power meter for both laser systems, is mainly due to increasing the dispersion process of the laser beam after passing through the sample.

Nanofiller concentration effect on laser beam attenuation characteristics

The ability of PEO doped with difference concentrations Pb₃O₄ for laser beam attenuation were investigated using both green laser (with output power 0.75 mW) and semiconductor laser (with output power = 20 mW). Figure 4 shows the normalized output power for pure PEO thin film is 0.42, 0.37 for green laser and semiconductor laser respectively. While adding 3% Pb₃O₄the normalized power decreases, and this normalized output power became nearly zero for a high concentration of Pb₃O₄. The robust laser beam attenuation characteristics with high concentration doping potentially due to increased number of molecules per unit volume, which are involved in the interaction of the laser beam with samples (Ali et al. 2020; Mohammed et al. 2018).

In conclusion, we have reported the novel polymer nanocomposite thin film prepared experimentally for robust laser power attenuation. Decreasing the incidence angle of laser beam on the sample from the normal angle 90⁰, will greatly affect the laser beam attenuation for both semiconductor laser (650 nm) and green laser (532 nm). In addition, the laser beam attenuation decrease with increasing the distance between the sample and the power meter. Robust laser attenuation more than 90% were obtained for both laser systems using different concentrations (0, 3, 6, and 9) wt% of Pb₃O₄ in the polymer matrix (PEO). This new nanocomposite has the potential for attenuation of laser beam power, laser filter and photo-electronics applications.

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Journal Publication

published 26 Dec, 2022

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Editorial decision: Major revisions
17 Sep, 2022
Reviewers agreed at journal
24 May, 2022
Reviewers invited by journal
24 May, 2022
Editor assigned by journal
06 Apr, 2022
First submitted to journal
04 Apr, 2022

You are reading this latest preprint version

Robust Laser Beam Attenuation Characteristics Using Novel Polymeric Nanocomposite

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Abstract

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1. Introduction

2. Materials And Methods

3. Experimental Result

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