[1] Ezzati M, Lopez AD, Rodgers A, Vander Hoorn S, Murray CJ, Comparative Risk Assessment Collaborating Group. Selected major risk factors and global and regional burden of disease. Lancet. 2002. 360(9343): 1347-60.
[2] He J, Gu D, Wu X, et al. Major causes of death among men and women in China. N Engl J Med. 2005. 353(11): 1124-34.
[3] He J, Gu D, Chen J, et al. Premature deaths attributable to blood pressure in China: a prospective cohort study. Lancet. 2009. 374(9703): 1765-72.
[4] Huang Y, Wang S, Cai X, et al. Prehypertension and incidence of cardiovascular disease: a meta-analysis. BMC Med. 2013. 11: 177.
[5] Huang Y, Cai X, Li Y, et al. Prehypertension and the risk of stroke: a meta-analysis. Neurology. 2014. 82(13): 1153-61.
[6] Huang Y, Cai X, Zhang J, et al. Prehypertension and Incidence of ESRD: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Am J Kidney Dis. 2014. 63(1): 76-83.
[7] Egan BM, Stevens-Fabry S. Prehypertension--prevalence, health risks, and management strategies. Nat Rev Cardiol. 2015. 12(5): 289-300.
[8] Wang Z, Chen Z, Zhang L, et al. Status of Hypertension in China: Results From the China Hypertension Survey, 2012-2015. Circulation. 2018. 137(22): 2344-2356.
[9] Fuchs FD, de Mello RB, Fuchs SC. Preventing the progression of prehypertension to hypertension: role of antihypertensives. Curr Hypertens Rep. 2015. 17(1): 505.
[10] Joint Committee for Guideline Revision. 2018 Chinese Guidelines for Prevention and Treatment of Hypertension-A report of the Revision Committee of Chinese Guidelines for Prevention and Treatment of Hypertension. J Geriatr Cardiol. 2019. 16(3): 182-241. doi: 10.11909/j.issn.1671-5411.2019.03.014.
[11] Whelton PK, Carey RM, Aronow WS, et al. 2017 ACC/AHA/AAPA/ABC/ACPM/AGS/APhA/ASH/ASPC/NMA/PCNA Guideline for the Prevention, Detection, Evaluation, and Management of High Blood Pressure in Adults: Executive Summary: A Report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Clinical Practice Guidelines. Hypertension. 2018. 71(6): 1269-1324.
[12] Bai G, Bennet C, Wang J, Anderson GF. Access to Antihypertensive Drugs in China. Circulation. 2018. 138(17): 1777-1779.
[13] Mahmood S, Shah KU, Khan TM, et al. Non-pharmacological management of hypertension: in the light of current research. Ir J Med Sci. 2019. 188(2): 437-452.
[14] Janke EA, Richardson C, Schneider KL, Society of Behavioral Medicine Executive Committee. Beyond Pharmacotherapy: Lifestyle Counseling Guidance Needed for Hypertension. Ann Intern Med. 2019. 170(3): 195-196.
[15] Muntner P, Carey RM, Gidding S, et al. Potential US Population Impact of the 2017 ACC/AHA High Blood Pressure Guideline. Circulation. 2018. 137(2): 109-118.
[16] Zhao H, Li D, Li Y, et al. Efficacy and safety of acupuncture for hypertension: An overview of systematic reviews. Complement Ther Clin Pract. 2019. 34: 185-194.
[17] Wang J, Xiong X, Liu W. Acupuncture for essential hypertension. Int J Cardiol. 2013. 169(5): 317-26.
[18] Li H, Wu C, Yan C, et al. Cardioprotective effect of transcutaneous electrical acupuncture point stimulation on perioperative elderly patients with coronary heart disease: a prospective, randomized, controlled clinical trial. Clin Interv Aging. 2019. 14: 1607-1614.
[19] Chen WT, Wei JF, Wang L, et al. Effects of perioperative transcutaneous electrical acupoint stimulation on monocytic HLA-DR expression in patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting with cardiopulmonary bypass: study protocol for a double-blind randomized controlled trial. Trials. 2019. 20(1): 789.
[20] da Silva ML, Chiappa GR, da Silva VM, et al. Effect of transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation on peripheral to central blood pressure ratio in healthy subjects. Clin Physiol Funct Imaging. 2016. 36(4): 293-7.
[21] Silverdal J, Mourtzinis G, Stener-Victorin E, Mannheimer C, Manhem K. Antihypertensive effect of low-frequency transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) in comparison with drug treatment. Blood Press. 2012. 21(5): 306-10.
[22] Shi L, Fang J, Zhao J, et al. Comparison of the Therapeutic Effects of Acupuncture at PC6 and ST36 for Chronic Myocardial Ischemia. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med. 2017. 2017: 7358059.
[23] Jacobsson F, Himmelmann A, Bergbrant A, Svensson A, Mannheimer C. The effect of transcutaneous electric nerve stimulation in patients with therapy-resistant hypertension. J Hum Hypertens. 2000. 14(12): 795-8.
[24] Zhang J, Ng D, Sau A. Effects of electrical stimulation of acupuncture points on blood pressure. J Chiropr Med. 2009. 8(1): 9-14.
[25] Liu H, Wang Y, Gao H, Chen Y, Yang J, Aiping L. Literature Research on Acupuncture Point Selection for Hypertension. Zhong Yi Za Zhi. 2014. 55(12): 1055-1058. doi: 10.13288/j.11-2166/r.2014.12.018.
[26] Wang X, Yun-Lun LI. Theoretical discussion of liver-kidney-nourishing method treating essential hypertension. Shandong Journal of Traditional Chinese Medicine. doi:2013 . 10.16295/j.cnki.0257-358x.2013.05.001
[27] Wang XR, Yang JW, Ji CS, et al. Inhibition of NADPH Oxidase-Dependent Oxidative Stress in the Rostral Ventrolateral Medulla Mediates the Antihypertensive Effects of Acupuncture in Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats. Hypertension. 2018. 71(2): 356-365.
[28] Zhang Q, Tan YY, Liu XH, Yao FR, Cao DY. Electroacupuncture Improves Baroreflex and γ-Aminobutyric Acid Type B Receptor-Mediated Responses in the Nucleus Tractus Solitarii of Hypertensive Rats. Neural Plast. 2018. 2018: 8919347.
[29] Zheng H, Li J, Li Y, et al. Acupuncture for patients with mild hypertension: A randomized controlled trial. J Clin Hypertens (Greenwich). 2019. 21(3): 412-420.
[30] Li X, Li T, Chen J, et al. A WeChat-Based Self-Management Intervention for Community Middle-Aged and Elderly Adults with Hypertension in Guangzhou, China: A Cluster-Randomized Controlled Trial. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2019. 16(21).
[31] Wan E, Yu E, Chin WY, Choi E, Wu T, Lam C. Evaluation of the responsiveness of Short Form-12 Health Survey version 2 (SF-12v2) in Chinese patients with hypertension in primary care. Qual Life Res. 2019. 28(10): 2851-2857.
[32] WHO Expert Consultation. Appropriate body-mass index for Asian populations and its implications for policy and intervention strategies. Lancet. 2004. 363(9403): 157-63.
[33] Browne RH. On the use of a pilot sample for sample size determination. Stat Med. 1995. 14(17): 1933-40.