Development of a Monitoring System for Disassembled Towers with Internal Suspension Poles

doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-1542286/v1

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Development of a Monitoring System for Disassembled Towers with Internal Suspension Poles

https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-1542286/v1

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At present, most of the derrick supported by inner suspension derrick for transmission tower projects rely on the experience of the construction personnel, and the construction has great hidden dangers. For this reason, combined with current power IoT (Internet of Things) technologies, we develop a set of intelligent monitoring system for inner suspension derrick for transmission tower erection in sections to monitor the force and spatial attitude of the derrick and iron tower material, as well as real-time information transmission and early warning. This article analyzes the technical process of inner suspension derrick for transmission tower erection in sections and the construction rules of inner suspension derrick for transmission tower erection in sections, determines the all-around safety monitoring of tower construction from the aspects of force, inclination, height and distance, and then constructs the overall structure of the system monitoring point. According to the characteristics of field construction, ZigBee and 4G communication technologies are selected to interconnect self-constituted LAN and 4G wide area network, so as to complete on-site data interaction and long-distance transmission. In view of the characteristics of many types and wide distribution of monitoring data in the system, the field data transmission and early warning program adopts polling mode to realize the orderly utilization of time when each channel passes through. The system has been verified by the 500kV delivery project of Fujian Zhouning Pumped Storage Power Station with good application.

With the continuous development of the construction of UHV projects, the height of the transmission line towers continues to increase, resulting in a corresponding increase in the risk of tower construction [1]. When faced with tens of meters of metal derricks and ton-weight iron tower material, construction based on the experience of on-site commanders and construction personnel is very easy to cause safety accidents [2]. Therefore, the development of an intelligent monitoring system for tower assembly that can perceive the safety status of inner suspension derrick and iron tower material in real time, and comprehensively gather construction information for danger warning is an urgent need to ensure the safety of UHV tower construction.

In practical engineering applications, the development of the tower assembly monitoring system has been tried very early. For example, literature [3] developed a set of video surveillance system for tower construction, and for the first time installed a surveillance camera on the top of the derrick. However, a pure video surveillance system cannot obtain the core information that affects construction safety such as the force of the ropes used for tower assembly, the posture of the derrick, and so on. In fact, it cannot solve the problem of tower construction safety. Subsequently, on the basis of video surveillance, the literature [4] added the cable tension and derrick inclination monitoring functions to the tower assembly monitoring system, but the system uses wired cables to transmit signals, which affects the normal tower assembly construction. Literature [5] improved the signal transmission method of the monitoring system on the basis of the literature [4], and used Wi-Fi wireless communication technology to transmit on-site signals. However, due to the large number of obstructions in the field, Wi-Fi signal transmission was affected. Limit, resulting in the inability to know the dangerous situation in real time. Literature [6] adopts ZigBee wireless communication technology, which is more suitable for the field construction environment, but it only monitors the cable tension, and the amount of information obtained is too small to be able to perform the role of safety monitoring.

In order to solve the problems of one-sided monitoring parameters and communication methods that are not suitable for engineering practice in the current tower monitoring system, this paper develops a set of inner suspension derrick tower intelligent monitoring system based on the power Internet of Things technology, and realizes the all-round monitoring of the force of the holding derrick and hanging parts and its dangerous attitude in space. At the same time, the ZigBee communication network and the 4G communication network are interconnected to realize the short-distance and long-distance visual monitoring and real-time warning of the dangerous situation of the tower construction, and ensure the tower erection safety.

System overall design plan Inner suspension derrick for transmission tower erection in sections refers to a tower assembly method in which the derrick is placed in the center of the tower body, and the entire derrick is in a suspended state [7]. The bottom of the suspension derrick is towed by 4 supporting ropes tied to the bottom of the main material, and the top of the suspension derrick is fixed by 4 inner (or outer) cables tied to the upper part of the main material or connected to the ground anchor.According to the suspended derrick-holding tower assembly process and the analysis of a large number of tower-building engineering accidents, the current suspended derrick-holding tower construction mainly has the following two unsafe factors:

1) The current commander's judgment on the dangerous situation of the tower construction mainly comes from personal construction experience. However, due to the large number of derricks and ropes and complex forces in the suspended derrick system, it is difficult to accurately judge the stress state of the derricks and iron tower material based on experience alone.

2) The iron tower is usually tens of meters high. When the tower is assembled to a higher section, the commander’s sight distance will be limited due to the complex construction environment. Manual monitoring will inevitably miss the construction dangerous points, and it has big security hidden danger.

In view of the above two problems in the traditional suspended derrick-holding and tower grouping method, online monitoring by wireless sensors is considered to realize all-round and full-process real-time perception of the tower construction situation. The specific monitoring requirements are as follows:

1) Force monitoring of the cable. As an important component for fixing the suspension derrick, if one of the ropes breaks due to the inability to withstand external forces, it will directly destabilize the entire derrick system, resulting in serious safety accidents such as the derrick tipping and the falling of the tower. Therefore, a tension sensor is installed on each of the 4 lifting ropes connected to the tower body to monitor the tension value of the cable.

2) Force monitoring of the hoisting rope. Hoisting ropes are the main force-bearing parts of lifting towers. Tonnage components need to be lifted to high altitude during work. If the force overload causes the ropes to break, it will cause the tonnage lifting components to lose stability and fall from high altitude. Therefore, a tension sensor is installed on each of the two hoisting ropes to monitor the tension value of the hoisting rope.

3) Posture monitoring of derrick holding. The derrick is the most important component in the entire tower assembly process, and its maximum inclination is limited by the construction regulations. Therefore, an inclination sensor is installed inside the derrick to monitor the working inclination value of the derrick. In addition, even if the inclination angle of the derrick does not exceed the specified value when the construction is carried out in some difficult terrain, the derrick may contact and collide with the tower body at this time, causing serious safety accidents such as breaking of the derrick and falling of the tower structure. Therefore, it is also necessary to monitor the distance between the derrick and the tower body.

However, considering that the derrick and the tower body are dynamic movements between the lattice members when the tower is assembled, the distance between the two is difficult to monitor in real time by means of hardware, so it is decided to derive the method of real-time calculation formula for the distance between the derrick and the tower body, to monitor the distance between the derrick and the tower in real time.

4) Height monitoring of derricks and iron tower material. When assembling some taller towers or tower tops, the commander under the tower cannot judge whether the tower is in place and whether the derrick needs to be lifted based on the lifting height of the tower and the working height of the derrick due to the limited viewing distance. Therefore, a height sensor is integrated on the hoisting rope sensor to measure the lifting height of the hoist; a distance measuring sensor is integrated on the derrick inclination sensor to measure the distance between the derrick and the ground to reflect the working height of the derrick in real time.

5) Monitoring of wind speed. Since the derrick is a slender component, the wind resistance is weak. Once the wind at the construction site is strong, major tower construction accidents such as derrick overturning may occur. The project also strictly stipulates that the wind speed is greater than level 5 and no operation is allowed. From the relationship between height and wind speed, it can be seen that the top of the derrick receives the largest wind force. Therefore, a wind speed sensor is installed on the top of the derrick to measure the real-time maximum wind force on the construction site.

Finally, the overall monitoring point setting during the construction of the tower is shown in Fig. 1.

The overall structure of the system With the development of technology, the Internet of Things in Power Systems (IOTIPS) has become an industrial-grade Internet of Things widely used in power systems due to its comprehensive state perception, efficient information processing, and convenient and flexible applications [8]. In this way, the overall framework of the system also adopts the IOTIPS framework, which is divided into 3 layers, namely the intelligent sensing layer, the wireless transmission layer and the information integration layer, as shown in Fig. 2.

The intelligent perception layer realizes accurate collection and rapid processing of status information, which mainly includes various sensors and their built-in data acquisition units, power supply units, MCU (Microcontroller Unit) units, etc., which are used to monitor the construction process of the system Real-time collection and processing of information such as pulling force, inclination angle, and distance. The wireless transmission layer relies on various existing communication technologies to provide long-distance and short-distance transmission channels for the data collected by the intelligent perception layer. Therefore, RS485 serial port, Ethernet, ZigBee, Lora, GPRS, Satellite Communications can be independently selected according to the characteristics of the tower construction project, realizing the vertical information interaction between the intelligent sensing layer and the information integration layer. The information integration layer realizes the vertical integration and horizontal integration of massive information, and makes reasonable use of the value of data, including human-computer interaction tablets and remote monitoring PC terminals, used to analyze and process on-site monitoring data, and perform threshold and over-limit data Early warning or alarm, and recording the dangerous data in the background to provide support for the analysis of the force data of the tower construction and data mining.

The above-mentioned intelligent perception layer, wireless transmission layer and information integration layer include various hardware modules such as system collection, processing, communication, and a series of software programs that promote the operation of the system. In order to discuss the design ideas more clearly, the system development process will be divided into two parts: system hardware design and system software design.

System hardware design The wireless sensors used in the system include tension sensors, wind speed sensors, height sensors, inclination sensors and distance sensors, which are responsible for data collection and processing of the status of the installed location. According to the realization principle of sensor function, each sensor mainly contains data acquisition unit, system processing module and data communication unit. Since the internal difference of each sensor mainly lies in the form of the data acquisition unit, all sensor system processing modules and data communication units adopt a unified design concept.

The data acquisition unit of the tension sensor mainly includes strain type and pie-zoelectric type [9]. Because the piezoelectric sensor needs special moisture-proof measures in actual use, it cannot be used in the construction site of the iron tower with large climate change; while the resistance strain tension sensor has high precision, good stability and strong engineering adaptability advantage.

The main forms of wind speed sensor data acquisition unit are mechanical wing type, thermal effect type and ultrasonic type [10]. The thermal effect wind speed sensor has the advantage of a wide measurement range, but it is greatly affected by the on-site humidity and temperature, so it is not considered to be used. Ultrasonic wind speed sensor has the advantages of high precision and stable performance, but because of its large size and high cost, it is also not suitable for wind speed monitoring in this system. The mechanical wing wind speed sensor meets the requirements of the tower assembly construction mon-itoring in terms of measurement accuracy and measurement range, and has the ad-vantages of small size, low cost, and convenient installation.

The main forms of altitude sensor data acquisition units are barometric altitude, ra-dio altitude and GPS positioning. The radio altitude and GPS positioning monitoring methods have the advantages of high monitoring accuracy, but the complex terrain condi-tions of the tower assembly construction site and the many obstructions make the signal transmission difficult, and cannot be used in the tower assembly project [11]. The pressure al-titude monitoring method adopts the pressure altitude sensor for monitoring, which has the characteristics of not being affected by obstacles, convenient installation and wide measurement range.

The data acquisition unit of the ranging sensor is in the form of ultrasonic and infra-red ranging [12]. The ultrasonic ranging method has the advantages of good directionality and strong penetrating ability, but due to the noisy environment of the tower assembly construction site, which has a great impact on the measurement results, it is not consid-ered to be used. The infrared ranging method has the advantages of high precision and convenient installation, but it cannot be accurately positioned during the movement of the pole, and the range will be sharply reduced in foggy days. It is also not suitable for the tower assembly project. UWB (Ultra Wide Band) ultra-wideband technology is a commu-nication technology that relies on pulse transmission of data. Due to the strong an-ti-interference ability of pulse signals and mobile measurement, the use of UWB technol-ogy to monitor the change of the distance between the pole and the ground can effectively avoid the Measurement errors due to weather or obstructions.

The data acquisition unit forms of the tilt sensor mainly include solid pendulum, gas pendulum and liquid pendulum. The measurement accuracy of the gas pendulum inclination sensor is greatly affected by temperature and is not suitable for field construc-tion environments. The liquid pendulum inclination sensor is relatively fragile and easily damaged after being bumped, and it is also not suitable for the construction environment of the tower. The solid pendulum inclination sensor has a wide measurement range and good applicability in field engineering [13].

The signal collected by the system acquisition module needs to be processed by the processing module before it can be sent to the communication module for data transmission. Therefore, it is necessary to select and design the system processing module.

The analog-to-digital conversion unit realizes the conversion of the acquired data from analog signals to digital signals, and is the key element connecting the system ac-quisition module and the system processing module. The Delta-Sigma analog-to-digital converter has the characteristics of fast conversion speed and low power consumption. Therefore, the form of the analog-to-digital conversion unit adopts the Delta-Sigma type, and the model adopts the ADS1232 [14].

After the signal is converted, it needs to be analyzed and processed by the MCU (Mi-crocontroller Unit) unit [15]. The STC series has the characteristics of low power consump-tion and simple program, which can better meet the data processing requirements of the system. Therefore, the system MCU unit type adopts the STC series, and the model selects STC12LE5616AD.

The working voltage of the analog-to-digital conversion unit is different from that of the MCU unit, and the two cannot be directly connected. Therefore, a level converter TXS0104EPWR is connected between the analog-to-digital conversion unit and the MCU unit to ensure the normal operation of the circuit by balancing the operating voltage be-tween the two. In addition, the 12.6V power supply cannot directly power components of various voltage levels. Therefore, the data acquisition unit, the analog-to-digital con-version unit and the level conversion unit with an operating voltage of 5V share the level converter LP2591AC, and the MCU unit with an operating voltage of 3.3V uses the level converter TPS562200 to realize the normal operation of the circuit.

In order to prevent the signal interference generated during system operation from affecting the two, and to avoid the entire circuit due to component burnout, an isolator ADuM120x is added between the MCU unit and the system communication unit.

To make the system complete data collection and processing, the above-mentioned units need to be reasonably integrated and designed. When the system is working, the data acquisition unit first collects the monitoring data of the tower. Subsequently, the analog-to-digital conversion unit ADS1232 converts the collected electrical signals into digital signals. The MCU unit STC12LE5616AD analyzes and processes the digital signal from the analog-to-digital conversion unit and sends it to the system communication module to finally complete the entire data acquisition and processing process. Among them, the level converter TXS0104EPWR is used to balance the working voltage between the analog-to-digital conversion unit and the MCU unit, and the isolator ADuM120x is used to protect key components from burning the entire circuit. After the power supply is balanced through the level converters LP2591AC and TPS562200, the data acquisition unit, analog-to-digital conversion unit, level converter and MCU unit are supplied with power respectively. The working principle of the system processing module is shown in Fig. 3.

The signal processed by the system processing module can only be transmitted through the system communication module to realize the signal local or remote transmission. Therefore, this section mainly selects and designs system communication modules.The choice of communication technology will directly determine the effect of data transmission in the project. The data transmission mode of this system includes on-site and remote data transmission to realize on-site real-time monitoring of tower construction conditions and remote data sharing.

Most of the tower construction sites are located in remote mountainous areas, with dangerous terrain conditions and complex construction conditions. Therefore, when selecting the communication technology for on-site data transmission, it is mainly based on the following two principles:

1) Whether the communication technology can meet the needs of on-site construction. The site construction conditions of the tower are complex and the area is large, and the transmission distance of the communication technology should reach 100 meters. At the same time, because the tower height can reach 100 meters, it is difficult to frequently replace the sensor battery, and the power consumption of the communication technology should be low.

2) Whether the communication technology can meet the demand for timely warning. Since the system is mainly used for real-time perception of the stress of each key point of the tower system and early warning, the transmission delay of the communication technology should reach the millisecond level to meet the system's timely response to dangerous situations.

Therefore, the determination of communication technology should also consider indicators such as transmission distance, power consumption, and transmission delay. Currently, the wireless communication technologies used in field data transmission mainly include Bluetooth (Bluetooth), Wi-Fi (Wireless Fidelity), Lora (Long Range Radio) and ZigBee, etc. The detailed performance comparison is shown in Table 1.

Table 1

Performance comparison of various communication modes
Com-munication mode	Main frequency band	Trans-mission distance	Trans-mission delay	Power con-sumption
Bluetooth	2.4GHz	Dozens of meters	second level	normal
Wi-Fi	2.4GHz	Hundred meters	millisecond level	high
Lora	470 ~ 510MHz	Up to 20km in the suburbs	second level	very low
ZigBee	2.4GHz	Up to 2km in the suburbs	millisecond level	low

It can be seen from Table I that the usual transmission distance of Bluetooth is only a few tens of meters, so it is not considered to be used; the characteristics of Wi-Fi devices that consume too much power and require frequent charging are also not suitable for the network of this system; the transmission delay of Lora is usually several About seconds, although it can be applied to the fault location of distribution lines [16], it is difficult to meet the real-time requirements of the tower construction site; and ZigBee is a medium-to-long-distance, low-power, low-latency wireless communication technology [17]. Therefore, the system It was decided to use ZigBee communication technology to build a wireless network on the construction site.

The ZigBee communication unit is the hardware foundation for ZigBee wireless signal transmission, which can be divided into two categories: low-speed data transmission unit and high-speed data transmission unit. The maximum transmission rate of the low-speed data transmission unit is generally not greater than 150kB/s, and its carrier has strong penetration and diffraction capabilities, and the transmission distance is relatively long; while the transmission rate of the high-speed data transmission unit can reach more than 500kB/s, but its carrier The penetrating power and diffraction power are low, and the transmission distance is only tens of meters in open conditions. Due to the large number of obstructions at the construction site of the tower assembly and the large site, the system requires high signal penetration and transmission distance. At the same time, the data collected by the sensor is actually very simple. The amount of data is counted in bytes, and the amount of data that needs to be transmitted is not large. The requirements for transmission rate are not high. Therefore, combined with the above factors, the system decided to adopt the ZigBee low-speed data transmission unit, and the model adopts the XBee-PRO® 900HP chip [18].

After the construction data completes the on-site data interaction through the ZigBee communication network, it needs to communicate with the 4G communication unit to realize the long-distance data transmission. Therefore, after completing the hardware selection of the ZigBee communication unit, the 4G communication unit should be selected. The 4G communication unit selects the most mature 4G DTU (Data Transfer Unit) unit, model WH-G405tf chip.

After the system communication module sends out the data, it should be received and displayed by the on-site or remote receiving terminal. Therefore, the on-site human-computer interaction tablet and the remote PC terminal are used as the data receiving terminal. The human-computer interaction tablet selects the PIPO X4 industrial rugged tablet that supports ZigBee communication technology and 4G communication technology access; the remote PC terminal can use a computer that supports USB serial access.

To enable the system to complete data collection, processing and transmission of monitoring points, it is necessary to design and form a complete network transmission scheme. The on-site monitoring adopts a two-way signal transmission method. When data needs to be uploaded, the signal is input from the MCU unit through the DIN pin to the sending end of the ZigBee communication unit and waits for the data to be transmitted. When the receiving end of the ZigBee communication unit receives the data, it is output to the human-computer interaction panel through the DOUT pin. When the human-computer interaction panel needs to issue an instruction, the instruction will enter the sending end of the ZigBee communication unit through the DIN pin. After the receiving end of the ZigBee communication unit receives the signal, the signal will be output to the MCU unit through the DOUT pin to complete the scene The two-way transmission process of integrated data.

Remote monitoring After the data is received by the human-computer interaction panel, the signal is transmitted to the 4G communication unit and to the 4G base station through the UART (Universal Asynchronous Receiver/Transmitter) serial communication. The signal is transmitted through the mobile communication network, and finally the data can be accessed through the 4G communication unit, including the State Grid enterprise, Remote user platforms such as energy companies and government departments can realize remote monitoring of construction site data.

System software design The monitoring system uses formulas to calculate the distance between the monitoring derrick and the tower body in real time. The formula calculation needs to be realized through program design. Therefore, formula derivation and program design are needed for the distance between the derrick and the tower body.

Assuming that the distance between the derrick and the tower is d, m; the width of the top of the tower is D₂, m; the height of the top of the derrick is H₁, m; the height of the tower is H₂, m; the full length of the derrick is h, m; The inclination angle of the derrick is ξ . The diagram for calculating the distance between the derrick and the tower body is shown in the Fig. 4.

According to the geometric relationship, the formula for calculating the distance d between the derrick and the tower body is:

\(d=\frac{{{D_2}}}{2}+({H_1} - {H_2})\tan \xi - h\sin \xi\)

(1)

Let the horizontal line direction be the x-axis and the forward line direction be the y-axis. Since the tilt sensor is a two-axis solid pendulum type, the x-axis and y-axis of the tilt sensor output are the same as the x-axis and y-axis in the line direction. The inclination expression can be obtained:

\(\xi {\text{=}}\arcsin \left( {\frac{{\sqrt {{U_{\text{x}}}^{2}{\text{+}}{U_{\text{y}}}^{2}} }}{{{H_m}g}}} \right)\)

(2)

Where, U_x and U_y respectively represent the x-axis and y-axis measurement signals output by the dual-axis inclination sensor, V; H_m represents the output sensitivity of the inclination sensor, V/g; g is the acceleration of gravity, m/s².

According to formulas (1) and (2), the distance between the derrick and the tower body can be expressed as:

\(\begin{gathered} {d_x}=\frac{{{D_2}}}{2}+({H_1} - {H_2})\tan \left( {\arcsin \left( {\frac{{{U_{\text{x}}}}}{{{H_m}g}}} \right)} \right) - h\sin \left( {\arcsin \left( {\frac{{{U_{\text{x}}}}}{{{H_m}g}}} \right)} \right) \hfill \\ {d_y}=\frac{{{D_2}}}{2}+({H_1} - {H_2})\tan \left( {\arcsin \left( {\frac{{{U_y}}}{{{H_m}g}}} \right)} \right) - h\sin \left( {\arcsin \left( {\frac{{{U_y}}}{{{H_m}g}}} \right)} \right) \hfill \\ \end{gathered}\)

(3)

Where, d_x and d_y respectively represent the distance between the derrick and the tower in the horizontal direction and the distance between the derrick and the tower in the direction of the line, m;

After clarifying the formula for calculating the distance between the derrick and the tower, it is necessary to design the program for the distance between the derrick and the tower. First, according to the construction engineering parameters of the tower, combined with the construction design drawings to obtain the full-length h of the derrick. After the construction of the tower is started, according to the real-time construction progress, combined with the tower design drawings and construction plan to obtain the tower body width D₂ and the tower height H₂ (for example, when the tower is assembled to 13m, the tower body width D₂ = 4.5 m, the height of the tower H₂ = 13m; when the tower is assembled to 20m, the width of the tower is D₂ = 3.8m, and the height of the tower H₂ = 20m;).

At the same time, according to the real-time monitoring data of the derrick-holding angle and height sensor, the real-time derrick-holding angle ξ and the height of the top of the derrick-holding H₁ are obtained. After obtaining the above data, the distance between the derrick and the tower body d_x and d_y can be finally obtained according to the derived calculation formula for the distance between the derrick and the tower body, and the entire program operation process of the distance between the derrick and the tower body is completed.

The design of the field data transmission program is the key to realize the system data transmission. The design of the early warning program directly determines the effect of the system on the safety monitoring of the tower construction.

In view of the characteristics of the system with many monitoring points and wide distribution, the field data transmission and early warning procedure adopts the polling mode, that is, each monitoring point in different addresses of the system is asked separately, and the next monitoring is started after one monitoring point answers. Point inquiries, and in this way, the cycle is repeated to achieve the orderly use of each channel through time division.

In the process of data transmission, the monitoring terminal first starts to call the target address code and judges. If the address code does not match, the program will be interrupted and return to the start state; if the target address code matches the local address code, the address data will be sent (a data acquisition instruction is issued) And wait for the data to return, if the sending fails, the command will be sent again until it succeeds.

After the address data transmission is completed, the monitoring terminal waits for the data return reception. If the data reception is unsuccessful for more than 3 times, it is judged as a communication failure. At this time, the next target address code will be called immediately; if the data return reception is successful, the monitoring The terminal analyzes and calculates the received data and clears the number of unsuccessful data receptions.

The remote data transmission program design directly determines the effect of the system's remote monitoring function, so it is necessary to design the remote data transmission program.

The remote transmission of the system adopts the network transparent transmission mode without protocol encapsulation, which is directly sent to the network server through the serial port of the module without any processing or modification.In the network transparent transmission mode, the human-computer interactive tablet uses the sending end of the G405tf communication module to package and send data to the receiving end of the remote G405tf communication module through the public 4G communication network and through the "transparent cloud" platform to achieve data interconnection. Real-time forwarding to the remote PC end completes the entire remote data transmission process.

After the monitoring system is developed, it is necessary to verify the system's transmission delay, transmission stability and monitoring data accuracy. This system is applied in the 500kV transmission project of Fujian Zhouning Pumped Storage Power Station. The site layout is shown in Fig. 5.

The accuracy of system monitoring data directly determines the system's early warning effect. Take a base tower in the 500kV transmission project of Fujian Zhouning Pumped-storage Power Station as an example. The tower type is 5B1-ZBC1K, the total height of the derrick is 29m, the mass of the ninth section of the lifting tower is 2056.75kg, and the mass of the rigging is 125.4kg. Table. 2 shows the comparison of actual measured value and system monitoring value at a certain moment.

Table 2

Comparison of measured data and calculated data of the system
Parameter	Actual value	Monitoring value	Relative error /%
Cable tension	5.85kN	6.02kN	2.91
Lifting rope tension	21.34kN	20.47kN	-4.08
Derrick inclination	4.7°	4.9°	4.26
Derrick height	38.48m	40.1m	4.21
Tower material height	18.48m	19.89m	7.63
The distance between the derrick and the assembled tower	3.24m	3.56m	9.88

The inclination, height, and distance data in Table 2 "Actual Values" are accurately measured by Leica TS50 total station, and the tensile force data is calculated according to the calculation model given in the construction plan, combined with the actual measured inclination, distance and other parameters. It can be seen that the minimum monitoring error of the pull wire tension is 2.91%. The monitoring errors of the height of the hanger and the distance between the pole and the tower body are relatively large, which are 7.63% and 9.88%, respectively. It can be seen from the analysis that the monitoring error of the hanging piece height mainly comes from the influence of the temperature and humidity changes on the construction site on the data collection of the air pressure height sensor, resulting in a certain error in the monitoring of the hanging piece height. The monitoring error of the distance between the pole and the tower body is mainly due to the fact that the suspension pole is not completely located in the center of the tower during the construc-tion process, which leads to the misjudgment of the distance between the pole and the tower body in the calculation result of the formula, resulting in a certain error in the mon-itoring value. But on the whole, the actual measured values of the above parameters match well with the system monitoring values, with an average error of 4.14%. Because the error mainly comes from the on-site environment and the irregular operation of the construc-tion personnel, rather than the error of the system itself. Therefore, the system monitoring data can well perceive the attitude information during the construction of the pole. It can be seen that the monitoring system of the suspension pole group tower is well applied in the field, and the performance in all aspects can meet the engineering requirements.

1) In view of the unsafe factors existing in the construction process of the suspended pole tower, this paper develops a monitoring system for the suspended pole tower based on the Internet of Things, which realizes all-round intelligent perception and danger early warning of the tower construction, and improves the The safety of the group tower project.

2) The system is applied in the 500kV transmission project of Fujian Zhouning Pumped Storage Power Station. The results show that the system has a good effect in monitoring the construction of suspended pole-mounted towers. The average error of key monitoring point data is 4.14%, and the monitoring data is accurate.

Acknowledgemengts

Te research leading to these results has received funding from the Hubei Provincial Key Research and Development Program Project (2020BAB110), Science and Technology Project of State Grid Fujian Electric Power Co., Ltd (52130T200001).

Author Contributions

Conceptualization, L.-B.Z. and B.-T.; methodology, Z.-Y.S. and Y.-W.; software, H.-B.L. and L.-B.Z.; formal analysis, B.-T., Z.-Y.S. and H.-B.L.; investigation, L.-B.Z. and Y.-W.; data curation, Z.-Y.S. and H.-B.L.; writing—original draft preparation, L.-B.Z.; writing—review and editing, B.-T., Z.-Y.S.,and Y.-W.; supervision, L.-B.Z. and H.-B.L.; project administration, Z.-Y.S. and Y.-W. All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript.

Competing interests

Te authors declare no competing interests.

Additional information

Correspondence and requests for materials should be addressed to L.-B.Z.

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No competing interests reported.

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Editorial decision: Major revision
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Development of a Monitoring System for Disassembled Towers with Internal Suspension Poles

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